N

Names of vessels, 332, 350

Napoleon I., 65, 183

Napoleon III., 416, 470

Narrow Seas:

sovereignty of Great Britain over the, 266, 316

Nassau, subjugation of, 304

National. See Citizen.

Nationality:

absent, 383, 387

acquisition of, 306, 374

conception of, 369

difficulties arising from double and absent nationalities, 388

double, 383, 384

function of, 370

loss of, 377

principle of, 68, 81

the link between individuals and International Law, 366

Natural boundaries, 270

Natural boundaries sensu politico, 273

Naturalisation Acts, British, 377, 381, 382, 383

Naturalisation in Great Britain, 382

Naturalisation:

acquisition of nationality by, 375

conception of, 379

conditions of, 380

loss of nationality through, 378, 381

object of, 380

through grant on application, 376

Naturalists, the, 89

Naval Conference of London, 38, 39, 43, 78, 595

Naval war code of the United States, 38

Navigation:

Commissions in the interest of, 513

in gulfs and bays, 265

in straits, 266

in the Suez Canal, 513, 514

on rivers, 240-243, 588

on the Congo, 514

on the Danube, 513

on the Open Sea, 319, 324

supervised by consuls, 491

through the Straits of Magellan, 267

within and through the maritime belt, 259, 326

See also Open Sea.

Navigation Act, 607

Neckar, river, 241

Negotiation:

by whom conducted, 531

conception of, 529

end and effect of, 532

envoy's function of, 453

form of, 531

parties to, 529

purpose of, 530

Negro Republics, 32

Nemo plus juris transferre potest, quam ipse habet, 288

Nemo potest exuere patriam, 381

Ne quis invitus civitate mutetur, neve in civitate maneat invitus, 381

Netherlands, revolt of, 312

Neutralisation of the Black Sea, 575

Neutralised States, 147-154

as regards State servitudes, 278

cannot cede territory without consent of the Powers, 286

can be parties to defensive alliances, 597

Neutral Powers in Naval War, Convention concerning the rights and duties of, 594

Newfoundland fishery dispute, 278

New Hebrides, international position of, 232

Niemeyer, 103

Niger, river, 242

Night work of women, Convention for the prohibition of, 618

Nikitschenhow, case of, 463

Nillins, case of, 407

Non-Christian States, 154-156

Non-extradition:

Attentat clause of, 416, 421

principle of, 411-422

rationale for, 418

Russian proposal concerning, 416, 421

Swiss solution of, 417, 421

North Atlantic coast fisheries, case of, 275, 276, 278

North Channel, 266

North Pole, 292

North Sea fisheries, 337, 349

Convention for the regulation of, 349

North Sea:

hydrographic and biologic investigation of, 626

maintenance of status quo in the, 603

Norway, international position of, 75

Notarial functions:

of consuls, 492

of diplomatic envoys, 454

Notification:

as an international transaction, 537

of a change in the headship of a State, 425

of occupation, 294

Nuncios, 444

Nymeguen, Treaty of, 62

Nys, 97, 101, 103

Nystaedt, Treaty of, 63

O

Oath as a means of securing performance of treaties, 551, 565

Observation, envoy's function of, 454, 455

Occupation of territory, 291-298

as a means of securing the performance of treaties, 566

conception of, 291

extent of, 295

how affected, 292

notification of, 294

object of, 292

Office central des transports internationaux, 517

Offices, international, 515-518

Official publications, 620

Oléron, Laws of, 56

Oliva, Peace Treaty of, 63

Olivart, Marquis de, 97, 103

Omnia rex imperio possidet, singuli dominio, 283

Ompteda, 103

Ontario, Lake of, 246, 247

Open Sea, 315

ceremonials on, 326

claims to sovereignty over parts of, 316

collisions on, 333

conception of, 321

fisheries in the, 348-353

freedom of, 201, 323-328

in time of war, 325

jurisdiction on, 329-339

legal order on, 324

navigation on, 326

neutralisation of parts, 325

piracy on, 339-348

powers of men-of-war over merchantmen on the, 335, 337

rationale for freedom of, 327

right of pursuit on, 336

shipwreck and distress on, 339

subsoil beneath the sea bed, 292, 357-361

telegraph cables in, 353-355

verification of flag on, 337

wireless telegraphy on the, 355-357

See also Vessel.

Operation of nature as a mode of losing territory, 312

Oppenheim, Heinrich Bernard, 96

Oppenheim, L., 104

Option:

loss of nationality through, 378

of inhabitants of ceded territory to retain their old citizenship, 290

Orange Free State, 304

Oregon Boundary dispute, 295

Ottoman law (1863), concerning protégés, 373

P

Pacta sunt servanda, 573

Pacta tertiis nee nocent nec prosunt, 563

Pactum de contrahendo, 546

Paladini, case of Salvatore, 408

Panama:

international position of the Republic, 182, 312

intervention in, 191

Panama Canal, 251, 592

Pan-American Conferences, 72, 405, 517

Pan-American Union, 517, 624

Pando, 97

Panther, case of the, 219

Papal Nuncio. See Nuncio.

Papal States, 157, 450

Par in parem non habet imperium, 169, 430, 460

Paris:

Convention for the protection of submarine telegraph cables, 354

Declaration of, 12, 68, 537, 569, 588

Peace Treaty of (1763), 64, 183, 314

Peace Treaty of (1856), 68, 190, 247, 268, 277, 325, 514, 549, 564, 575, 578

Peace Treaty of (1898), 72

Parkinson v. Potter, 467

Parlement Belge, case of the, 507

Parliaments, injurious attitude of, 216

Participation of third States in treaties:

accession, 568

adhesion, 569

good offices and mediation, 568

intervention, 568

Parties to treaties, 543-548

Parts of treaties, 552

Part-Sovereign States, 441

Passports:

dismissal of diplomatic envoys through delivery of, 455

of courier, 475

of diplomatic envoy, 448

Passport of vessels, 331

Peace Conferences at the Hague. See Hague.

Peace Treaty of:

Aix-la-Chapelle (1668), 62

Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), 64, 183

Carlowitz, 63

Christiania, 75

Copenhagen, 63

Frankfort, 290, 291, 606

Hubertsburg, 64

Kainardgi (1774), 441

Kardis, 63

Karlstad, 75, 135

Munster, 241

Nymeguen, 62

Nystaedt, 63

Oliva, 63

Paris (1763), 64, 183, 314

(1856), 68, 190, 247, 268, 277, 325, 514, 549, 564, 575, 578

(1898), 72

Prague (1866), 364

Pyrenees, 62

Rastadt and Baden, 63

Roeskild, 63

Ryswick, 63

San Stefano, 71, 190, 549

Seoul, 75

Shimonoseki, 72

Tilsit, 183, 186

Utrecht, 63, 183, 278

Versailles (1783), 64, 278

Westminster (1674), 319

Westphalia, 61, 151, 435, 587

Pearl fishery off Ceylon and in the Persian Gulf, 348

Peary, Admiral, 292

Pelagic Sealing Conference, 352

Persia, international position of, 164

Persian Gulf, pearl fishery in the, 348

Persona grata of diplomatic envoy, 451

Personal supremacy:

consequences of, 178

definition of, 177

restrictions upon, 183

violations of, 179

Personal union of States, 133

Pertille, 96

Petit cabotage, 607

Pharmacopœial formulas, unification of, 622

Philip II. of Spain, 316

Philippine Islands, 72

Phillimore, Sir Robert, 94, 99

Phosphorus. See White phosphorus.

Phylloxera conventions, 618

Physically impossible obligations, 549

Piédelièvre, 95, 100

Pierantoni, 96

Pillau, alliance of, 551

Pinkney, American commissioner, 513

Piracy, 203, 340-348

Pirata non mutat dominium, 346

Pirates:

jurisdiction over, 345

may be pursued into the territorial maritime belt, 346

Plague. See Sanitary Conventions.

Platen-Hallermund, case of Count, 306

Plebiscite concerning cession of territory, 289, 364

Pledge, 233, 288, 566

Pleins pouvoirs, 447

Podiebrad, 58

Poelitz, 96

Poland, 566

partition of, 151, 310, 370

Polish revolution (1830), 413

Political agents:

public, 509

secret, 510

spies, 510

Political crime, conception of, 414-421

Political criminals, non-extradition of, 411-422

Pollicitations, 546

Polson, Archer, 94

Pope, position of the, 70, 157-162. See also Holy See.

Port Arthur leased to Russia, 233, 288

Porto Rico, 72

Portugal:

her claims to parts of the Open Sea, 316

international position of, 77

passage of troops through territory of, 280

republic proclaimed in, 76

Position:

of armed forces abroad, 501

of consuls, 493

of diplomatic envoys, 455

of diplomatic envoys as regards third States, 469

Positivists, the, 90, 98

Postal Union, Universal, 516

Powers of men-of-war over merchantmen of all nations, 335, 337

Pradier-Fodéré, 95, 100

Prague, Peace Treaty of (1866), 364

Precedence among envoys, 444

Predicates of heads of States, 174

Prescription, 308-311

Presidents of republics:

not sovereigns, 433

position of, 434

Private International Law:

conception of, 4

Hague Conventions concerning, 623, 624

Privateer, 341, 342

Privateering abolished by Declaration of Paris, 69, 588

Privileges of:

consuls, 494

couriers, 475

diplomatic envoys, 456

judges of the Prize Court, 522

members of legation, 473

members of the Tribunal of the Court of Arbitration, 521

Proconsul, 487

Projectiles, Convention concerning, 594

Protection, treaties of, 604

Protection:

envoy's function of, 454

of citizens abroad, 371, 372, 396, 492

Protectorate, 144

Protectorate as precursor of occupation, 296

Protégés, 371

Protest as an international transaction, 538

Protestant States, 449

Prussia becomes a Great Power, 64

Pseudo-guarantees, 602

Publications, official, 620

Public Health, international office of, 518, 621

Public political agents, 509

Pufendorf, 4, 89, 112

Punctationes, 546

Pursuit into the Open Sea, right of, 336

Pyrenees, Peace of the, 62