Pain, i. 386, 410, 412, 413, iii. 384, 385.

Paine, T., i. 231.

Painting, i. 282-292, 297-301, 306-310, iii. 193, 196-198.

Palingenesis, iii. 300, 301.

Pander, ii. 318.

Pantheism, iii. 106, 114, 403, 404, 471-475.

Paracelsus, Theophrastus, iii. 280, 362.

Parmenides, i. 141, 425.

Parody, ii. 275, 276.

Particles, logical, ii. 288, 315.

Pascal, i. 476, iii. 435.

Passions, ii. 216, iii. 406, 407.

Past, the, i. 359, 360.

Pedantry, i. 78, ii. 250 seq.

Pelagianism, i. 525, ii. 368, 369, iii. 422, 448.

Penitentiary system, i. 404, iii. 412.

Perception, intellectuality of, i. 14-16, ii. 40, 174, 185, 192;

share of senses and brain in, ii. 185;

object of, i. 7, ii. 40;

relation to thing in itself, ii. 174, 401;

significance for knowledge, science, art, philosophy, and virtue, ii. 244-269, iii. 131, 141 seq.

Perfection, ii. 15.

Peripatetics, ii. 137, 145.

Permanence of substance, ii. 78.

Perpetual motion, ii. 65, iii. 395.

Pessimism, can be demonstrated, iii. 395;

the ground of distinction among religions, ii. 372 seq.;

of the most significant religions, i. 420, iii. 423;

of great men of all ages, iii. 398 seq.

Petitio principii, definition of, ii. 308.

Petit-Thouars, Admiral, iii. 55.

Petrarch, i. 487, 512, ii. 313, iii. 210, 363, 369, 370, 386.

Phidias, iii. 195.

Philosopher, the, nature of, i. 21, 109, ii. 319, 359, 360, iii. 146, 147;

distinguished from poet, iii. 146, 147;

distinguished from sophist, ii. 362, 363.

Philosophy, source of, 1. 135, ii. 359-361, 374;

task of, i. 107, 168, 350, 352, 495;

distinguished from science, i. 107, ii. 317;

as opposed to theology, ii. 367, 395, iii. 431, 453;

relation to art, iii. 176, 177;

relation to history, iii. 223;

method of, ii. 53, 210, 259, 393;

division of, i. 349;

cause of small progress of, ii. 395;

limits of, ii. 362, 363, 27, 405;

professors of, ii. 362, 363.

Phlegmatic temperament, iii. 18, 161.

Physics, subject of, ii. 375;

relation to metaphysics, ii. 376-384, iii. 40.

Physiognomy, i. 74, 74 n.

Physiology, i. 125, ii. 317, iii. 38.

Pico de Mirandula, ii. 240.

Pictet, iii. 304.

Picturesque, iii. 130.

Pindar, i. 21.

Pitt, iii. 324.

Plagiarism, ii. 225, 226.

Plants, chief characteristics of, i. 357, ii. 29;

inner nature of, i. 152, iii. 34-36;

distinguished from animals, i. 25, 150, iii. 13;

form and physiognomy of, i. 203, 204;

metamorphosis of, iii. 85;

æsthetic effect of, i. 260, 288, 289.

Platner, ii. 270.

Plato, on a priori knowledge, ii. 201;

on being and becoming, i. 9;

relation to Giordano Bruno, ii. 114 n.;

figure of the cave, i. 311, ii. 8;

improper use of conceptions, ii. 211, 261, 264;

his Dæmon, i. 349;

his dialectic, ii. 309;

source of error, i. 103;

errors in syllogistic reasoning, i. 93;

his ethics, i. 114, ii. 145, 149, 348;

ευκολος and δυσκολος, i. 407;

hope the dream of waking, ii. 431;

his Ideas, i. 168, 220, 273, ii. 85, 99, 322, iii. 123, 274, 275;

on love, iii. 338;

on materialism, ii. 176;

on mathematics, 323;

on metempsychosis, 303;

his method, i. 239;

on music, i. 336;

on nature of nothing, i. 529;

on the nature of the philosopher, i. 21, 41, 109, 143; ii. 369, 374;

on plants, iii. 34;

on punishment, i. 451;

on reason, ii. 141;

on science, i. 83;

on sensual pleasure, iii. 349, 369;

his world of shadows, ii. 10;

on existence of soul, ii. 102;

his theism, ii. 98.

Pliny, iii. 378, 400, 451.

Plotinus, ii. 218, iii. 51, 54, 432.

Plouquet, i. 55.

Plutarch, ii. 98, 319, iii. 124, 271 399.

Poaching, a positive, not a moral fault, iii. 411, 412.

Poet, the, grade; of, iii. 202;

marks of genuine, iii. 207;

bad influence of mediocre, i. 317 n.;

distinguished from philosopher, iii. 146, 147.

Poetical justice, i. 328

Poetry, i. 313-330, iii. 38, 200-219.

Point, extensionless, ii. 223;

immovable, ii. 219.

Polarity, i. 187.

Polier, Mme. de, i. 492, 501 n., ii 109.

Position, i. 9.

Possibility, ii. 69, 72.

Pouchet, iii. 56.

Poussin, i. 306.

Praxiteles, iii. 195.

Predestination, i. 378, ii. 149.

Pre-existence, iii. 253, 254.

Prejudice, ii. 268.

Preller, ii. 357.

Present, the, i. 358-360, iii. 271, 271 n.

Priestley, i. 373, ii. 111, 224, 225, iii. 46.

Priests, i. 466 n., ii. 362.

Principium individuationis, i. 145, 146, 166, 454 seq., 481, iii. 274, 417, 418.

Principle of sufficient reason, is a priori, i. preface xi., 6, iii. 469;

sphere of validity of, i. 7, 16, 17, 41, 106, iii. 405, 469;

importance of, i. 96, 107, ii. 316;

indemonstrable nature of, i. 96, [pg 502] 106;

Property, right of, i. 432, 433 n., iii. 411.

Prose, as distinguished from poetry, i, 313, iii. 204-206.

Protestantism. See Catholicism.

Prudence, i. 27, 245, 456.

Psychology, ii. 412-467.

end of, i. 448-450, iii. 412, 413;

measure of, iii. 413, 414.

Pyramids, i. 267, iii. 229.

Pythagoras, iii. 303.

Pythagoreans, i. 33, 86, 92, 95, 188, 343, ii. 319, iii. 95, 124, 427, 442, 452.

Quality, of judgments ii. 57, 87;

as determination of matter, iii. 54;

natural forces as qualitates occultæ, i. 126, 162, 170, 182, ii. 376.

Quid pro quo, i. 79.

Quieter of will, i. 301, 326, 327, 367, 396, 489, 490.

Quietism, iii. 433-435,

Rabelais, iii. 437.

Radius, Justus, ii. 191.

Rameau, i. 58.

Rancé, Abbé, i. 510, iii. 455.

Raphael, i. 295, 300, 531, iii. 162.

Rationalism in theology, ii. 369.

Reading, disadvantage of much, ii. 253-255.

Realism, ii. 85, iii. 125.

Reality, definition, i. 30;

the present is the form of, i. 359, 360, iii. 271 n.;

of external world, i. 22, 23, ii. 169, 184.