Hoge, William, Representative from Pennsylvania, 569, 693.

Holland, James, Representative from North Carolina, 14, 570, 693;
on the petition of manumitted slaves, 59;
on increase of duties, 71, 74;
on increase of duties on salt, 75;
on the accommodation of the President, 90;
on naval appropriations, 100.

Holmes, David, Representative from Virginia, 120, 179, 326, 429, 497, 569, 693;
on printing the laws in the German language, 165.

Hosmer, Hezekiah L., Representative from New York, 120, 179, 326.

House, secret session of, 79;
adjourns at close of fourth Congress, 111;
answer to President Adams' first message, 123;
answer as delivered to President Adams' first message, 143;
answer to President's message, 180;
answer to President's message to third session, fifth Congress, 329;
note on, 330;
address in answer to President's message, 431;
thanks to General Lee for eulogium on memory of Washington, 436;
refuses to accompany Senate to hear eulogium on Washington, 447;
answer to President's message second session, sixth Congress, 499;
proceedings relative to purchase of Louisiana, 721;
tenders thanks to Speaker Macon, 744.

Howard, John E., Senator from Maryland, 6, 114, 171, 323, 403, 481, 540, 661;
chosen President of Senate pro tem., 481.

Huger, Benjamin, Representative from South Carolina, 572, 694;
for a mausoleum to Washington, 516;
on collection of internal revenue, 588;
on call for papers relative to cession of Louisiana, 699, 719;
on considering the French spoliations, 733;
on jurisdiction over the District of Columbia, 736.

Hunt, Samuel, Representative from New Hampshire, 693.

Hunter, John, Senator from South Carolina, 6, 114.

Hunter, Narsworthy, Delegate from Mississippi, 569;
decease of, 640.


I

Imlay, James H., Representative from New Jersey, 120, 179, 326, 429, 497.

Impressment of Seamen, message in relation to, 333.

Imprisonment for debt.—Bill making provision for relief of persons, passed, 479;
particulars of bill, 479;
resolution to revise the laws, offered, 593;
object, to secure debtor his property and provide some remedy beside imprisonment, 593;
considerations against imprisonment urged, 593.

Inaugural Address of John Adams, 11;
of Thomas Jefferson, 490.

Indian Lands within a State, rights over, see Index, vol. 1.

Indian Trading Houses.—See Index, vol. 1.

Intercourse with France.—See France, relations with.

Iredell, James, vote for as President in 1796, 63.


J

Jackson, Andrew, Representative from Tennessee, 14;
first appearance in National Councils, 48;
note, 48;
on petition of Hugh Lawson White, 48, 49;
presents petition of George Colbert, 49;
Senator from Tennessee, 165;
resigns as Senator, 321.

Jackson, George, Representative from Virginia, 14, 429, 497, 569, 693;
on a direct tax on slaves, 53;
on the Judiciary Establishment, 552;
on resolutions relative to the navigation of the Mississippi, 678.
See Index, vol. 1.

Jackson, James, Senator from Georgia, 541.
See Index, vol. 1.

Jarvis, James, officer on frigate Constellation, 470.

Jay, John, vote for as President, 63, 487.

Jefferson, Thomas, his address as President of the Senate, 10; note, 10;
vote for as President in 1796, 62;
Vice President and President of Senate, 113, 171, 323;
Vice President attends Senate, 404, 484;
vote for as President, 487;
address on retiring from Senate, 488;
inauguration as President, 490;
address, 490;
answer to notification of the House of his election, 535;
letter to President of Senate, 541; note, 541;
views on slavery, an obstacle to his receiving the vote of South Carolina for President, 636.
See Index, vol. 1.

Johnson, Charles, Representative from North Carolina, 569.

Johnston, Samuel, vote for as President in 1796, 63.

Jones, James, Representative from Georgia, 429, 501;
on petition of free blacks, 439, 443;
on the case of Jonathan Robbins, 456;
on the apportionment bill, 574.

Jones, Walter, Representative from Virginia, 120, 179, 327.

Jones, William, Representative from Pennsylvania, 569, 723.

Judiciary System, bill to amend a previous act establishing judicial courts, 419;
ordered to second reading, 419;
numerous reasons for the introduction of the bill, 420;
parts of the bill, 427;
bill passed to third reading, 427; note, 427.

In the Senate, part of message relating to Judiciary system, read, 545;
motion that the act of last session respecting the Judiciary Establishment be repealed, 546; note, 546;
motion debated, 546;
1st. the law is unnecessary and improper—2d. the judges and courts created by it, can, and ought to be abolished, 546;
existing courts, competent and able to discharge duties, 546;
such was the case when the law passed, 546;
amount of business before the courts, 546;
suits decreasing, 546;
United States never need thirty-eight federal judges, 547;
limit to federal judicial powers, 547;
power of Congress to put down these additional courts and judges, examined, 547;
may be abolished as well as created under the constitution, 547;
a judge cannot hold his office after it is abolished, 548;
once a judge always a judge, examined, 548;
one of the most important questions ever before a Legislature, 548;
what says the constitution?, 548;
judges hold during good behavior, 548;
their compensation as prescribed, designed to preserve their existence, 549;
motion unconstitutional, 549;
the ancient system stated, 549;
if you repeal so far as regards these judges, you may for all, 550;
thereby you destroy the check provided in the constitution, 550;
all power is not vested in the Legislature, 550;
constitutional power, 550;
words shall and may, 550;
more afraid of an army of judges than an army of soldiers, 552;
it is said the law which creates a judge cannot be touched, 552;
the moment it is passed it exists to the end of time, 552;
the power to alter the system rests here, or nowhere, 552;
extent of our country, 553;
tendency of acts of late administration, 553;
history of legislative proceedings in the formation of the Judiciary system, 553;
is this system so vicious as to deserve nothing but abhorrence?, 554;
the letter and spirit of the constitution against the repeal, 555;
Judicial Department should be independent, 555;
but not independent of the nation itself, 555;
what are the facts?, 555;
if a court once established, cannot be vacated, the greatest absurdities follow, 556;
the judges of Mississippi Territory, 556;
further remarks on the independence of the Judiciary, 557;
the expediency of repealing the law considered, 557;
shall we restore to the people their former courts? is the true question, 558;
defects of the present system, 559;
reasons for the repeal insufficient, 560;
the expediency of the repeal examined, 560, 561;
the constitutional point examined, 562;
repeal needed as a precedent, 562;
our government a system of salutary checks, 563;
constitutional point further examined, 563, 564, 565;
bill passed, 565; note, 565.

In the House, resolutions offered in committee relative to the Judiciary considered, 581;
resolutions agreed to, 581;
motion to refer to committee, 581;
remarks on reference, 581;
resolutions referred, 583;
bill from the Senate to repeal considered in House, 596; note, 596;
the people have established three departments for the powers of government, 597;
tenure by which the judges hold office, 597;
the words "during good behavior" are a limitation on executive and legislative power, 597;
examination of these words, 598;
a subsequent legislature can repeal the acts of a previous one, examined, 598;
any other construction leads to a concentration of executive and legislative power, 598;
this is the spirit of innovation which has prostrated the old world, 599;
expediency of the repeal examined, 599;
comparison of the present and former system, 600;
constitutionality of the measure examined, 600;
delegated powers, 601;
Judiciary is a check on the legislature, shown, 601;
the judges are expounders of the constitution and laws, 602;
they ought to be independent of the other branches of government, particularly the legislative, 602;
concentration of power is the essence of tyranny, 602;
as we advance to it, we recede from liberty, 602;
what was the intention of the framers in introducing the words "good behavior"?, 602;
origin of parties in this country fundamental, 603;
manner of growth, 604;
proceedings of the favorers of patronage, 604;
the strict letter of the constitution now appealed to, 605;
will the repeal of this law violate in any respect the salutary or practicable independence of the judges, secured by the constitution?, 605;
the terms "independence of the judges" or "Judiciary" not found in the constitution, 605;
relationship between the Executive and Judiciary Departments, 606;
clauses of the constitution examined, 607, 608, 609;
are not the judges more independent under this view than those of England?, 610;
it is admitted Congress may increase or diminish the duties of judges, 610;
preceding arguments for repeal examined in detail, and a defence of the late administration, 611, 612, 613, 614;
inexpediency of the present bill shown by the expediency of the judicial law of last session, 617;
the pre-existing system examined, and its defects and evils, as affected by the late act, considered, 617, 618, 619;
changes made by the late law, 620, 621;
when did the right of the Executive to recommend modifications of the Judiciary system cease, or of Congress to act?, 622;
former practice with present theory compared, 622;
doctrine of the Judiciary in Virginia, 623, 624;
point conceded, 624;
further debate, 625, 626;
practice of North Carolina relative to instructions, 627;
constitution of North Carolina, 627;
interpretation of the words "during good behavior" there, 627;
arguments against the bill examined, 628;
further debate, 629, 630, 631;
intention of the convention to make the judges independent of both executive and legislative power, so universally admitted at the time, 632;
hence any intrusion or intermeddling by Congress is usurpation, 632;
what avail are prohibitory clauses in the constitution, if there be no power to check Congress and the President?, 632;
these regulations designed for the safety of the State Governments and the liberties of the people, 632;
but the doctrine urged to-day will sweep away all barriers, 632;
illustrations given by reference to the constitution, 632;
expense of the national Judiciary, 633;
reasons for passing the law of last session, 633;
influence upon the elections, 633;
vote at the election in the House, 634; note, 634;
the professed friends of the people, 635;
course of South Carolina on the Presidential election, 635, 636;
Jefferson's views on slavery prevented his receiving the vote of South Carolina, 636; note, 636;
what manifestation of the public will was there in reference to the late election for President?, 637;
further debate, 637, 638;
motion to postpone the bill lost, 638;
bill passed, 655.

United States' Judges, Memorial of, in Senate, report of committee on, 665;
what is due to the supreme law of the land?, 666;
memorialists ask if the law of last session deprived them of their office of judge, 666;
a question not cognizable by the Senate, to whom it does not belong to interpret their own acts, 666;
it should be speedily settled by the proper tribunals, 666;
effect of such a decision, 667;
committee should have confined themselves to the points of the question, 667;
constitutional power of Senate reviewed, 667;
resolution of committee lost, 668.

Petitions of, 727;
reference moved, 728;
memorial does not embrace any point of inquiry, 728;
it should be referred to Committee of the Whole, 728;
the constitutional question already determined, 728;
undoubtedly a constitutional question, 728;
reference unnecessary, subject already fully discussed, 728;
referred to Committee of the Whole, 729;
discussion in committee, 729;
question been settled as to right of depriving the judges of their office, but not the question as to their compensation, 729;
resolutions offered, 729;
a new doctrine advanced, that a judge is entitled to his compensation, after being deprived of his authority and his powers are transferred to another, 729;
true question on the constitutionality of the law, 730;
if the courts are abolished, are the officers abolished?, 730;
would the Supreme Court in this case be an impartial tribunal?, 730;
it would be improper to authorize the Supreme Court to decide upon the constitutionality of the law, 730;
when there are no services, there can be no claim for salary, 730;
memorial is a protest, and let it rest on the files of the House, 730;
resolutions lost, 731.


K

Kentucky, vote for President, 62, 487.

Kitchell, Aaron, Representative from New Jersey, 14, 429, 498;
on relief to sufferers by fire at Savannah, 42;
on petition of Hugh L. White, 51;
on the petition of manumitted slaves, 60;
on increase of duties on sugar, 71;
on military appropriations, 98;
on the case of Jonathan Robbins, 451.
See Index, vol. 1.

Kittera, John Wilkes, Representative from Pennsylvania, 120, 191, 326, 429;
on a direct tax on slaves, 56;
on naval appropriations, 101, 105;
presides in Committee of the Whole, 193, 194;
on the limits of Georgia, 220;
on the bill relative to the protection of commerce, 289;
on abrogation of treaty with France, 313.
See Index, vol. 1.

Kosciusko, General, claim of, 191;
history of, 192;
proceedings on, 192;
accounts of, 193.


L

Lafayette, General.—Resolution relative to, 108;
negotiations to effect his release from imprisonment, 108;
his services for this country, 108;
propriety and duty of negotiations on the part of the Executive, 108;
subject improper to be introduced to the House—President knows the will of the people, 109;
no impropriety in it, 109;
further debate, 110;
question lost, 111;
note, 111.
See Index, vol. 1.

Lake Superior.—Copper lands and mines—resolution authorizing the purchase of copper lands, 456;
report of committee, 472;
resolution reported agreed to, 472.

Langdon, John, Senator from New Hampshire, 3, 113, 165, 321, 399, 481.
See Index, vol. 1.

Latimer, Henry, Senator from Delaware, 3, 114, 165, 321, 400.
See Index, vol. 1.

Laurance, John Senator from New York, 4, 114, 165, 321, 399;
elected President pro tem. of Senate, 321.
See Index, vol. 1.

Law of Retaliation.—See Defensive Measures.

Lear, Tobias, letter to President announcing death of Washington, 434.

Lee, Henry, Representative from Virginia, 432, 497;
delivers an oration on death of Washington, 404;
letter accepting thanks of House, 436;
on petition of free blacks, 437;
on the case of Jonathan Robbins, 450, 455;
on mausoleum for Washington, 503, 504, 512, 513;
on reporting the debates, 509;
on jurisdiction over District of Columbia, 518, 524.

Lee, Silas, Representative from Massachusetts, 429, 497.

Leib, Michael, Representative from Pennsylvania, 429, 497, 569, 693.

Leonard, George, Representative from Massachusetts, 57.
See Index, vol. 1.

Library of Congress, resolution for a committee to procure, 474;
bill regulating the use of, considered, 578;
discussion of details, 578.

Limitation, Acts of, report on, 189;
note on, 190.

Lincoln, Levi, Representative from Massachusetts, 528.

Linn, James, Representative from New Jersey, 429, 498.

Liston, Robert, note to Secretary of State, 445.

Livermore, Samuel, Senator from New Hampshire, 3, 113, 165, 321, 400, 481;
chosen President of Senate pro tem., 400;
on disputed Presidential elections, 406.

Livingston, Edward, Representative from New York, 17, 120, 179, 334, 429, 522;
on the address to the President, 29, 31;
on a National University, 37;