Jackdaw, gesticulating signs made by, 316;
congregation for court held by, 324

Jacob, Sir G. Le Grand, on crows punishing offender, 324-5;
ibexes assisting wounded mate to escape, 334

Japp, on dog spontaneously learning use of coin, 452

Jealousy, of fish, 242;
of birds, 276-7;
of horse, 329, 330;
of dogs, 442, 443;
of monkey, 493

Jenkins, H. L., on formation of abstract ideas by elephants, 401, 402

Jenner, on instinct of young cuckoo, 301-4

Jerdon, Dr., on harvesting-ants, 97;
on birds dreaming, 312

Jervoise, Sir J. C., on bee biting hole in a corolla, 189;
on combined action of rooks in obtaining food from pheasants, 321

Jesse, on intelligence of bees in adapting their combs to smooth surface, 186;
spider protecting eggs from cold, 219;
tame house-fly, 230, 231;
affection of male for female pike, 246;
attachment between alligator and cat, 258, 259;
conjugal fidelity of swan, and pigeon, 271;
sympathy of rooks, 273, 274;
lapwing stamping on ground to make worms rise, 285;
goose removing eggs from rats, 288;
birds removing dung from neighbourhood of their nests, 290;
swallows killing and imprisoning hostile sparrows, 318, 319;
kangaroo throwing young from pouch when pursued, 326, 327;
stag shaking berries from trees, and manifesting intelligence in escaping from dogs, 336;
intelligence of buffalo, 336, 337;
intelligence of rats, 360-2;
of elephants, 398;
collective instinct of foxes, 433;
wounded monkey showing its blood to the sportsman, 476

Jillson, Professor, on habits of the 'prairie-dog,' 366

John, St., on intelligence of fox, 426, 427;
idea of caste in dog, 442

Johnson, on termites, 198;
on orang-outangs removing their dead companions, 472

Johnson, Capt., on wounded monkey showing its blood to the sportsman, 475

Johnson, Dr., his definition of reason, 14



Kaup, on fish, 246

Kemp, Dr. L., on battles of queen-bees, 164;
robber bees, 170;
on intelligence of decoy elephants, 402

Kent, Saville, on intelligence of porpoises, 327, 328

Kesteven, Dr. W. H., on cat knocking knocker, 424

Kingfisher, nidification of, 292

Kirby, on water-spider, 212;
shore crabs, 232;
migration of salmon, 249, 250;
intelligence of carp, 250

Kirby and Spence, on powers of communication in ants, 49;
sense of direction in bees, 148;
hexagonal form of bees' cells, 172;
ceasing to store honey in tropics, 188;
co-operation of beetles, 226;
caterpillars, 236, and 238, 239

Klein, Dr., on intelligence of a cat, 418, 419

Kleine, Herr, on behaviour of bees when finding empty combs substituted for full ones, 186, 187

Klingelhöffer, Herr, on co-operation of beetles, 227-8

König, on termites, 198

Kreplin, Herr H., on ecitons, 139




Lacepède, on fish coming to sound of bell, &c., 250

Lacerta iguana, 255

Lagomys, provident habits of, 365

Landois, on powers of communication in bees, 158

Langshaft, on bees recognising hive companions, 183;
on robber bees, 183-4

Lapwing, stamping on ground to make worms rise, 285;
intelligence of, 315, 316

Larvæ, of insects, intelligence of, 234-40

Latreille, on ants, sympathy of, 47

Lauriston, Baron, on sympathy of elephant, 390

Layard, Consul, on intelligence of cobra, 262;
on nidification of baya-bird, 294;
on cat pulling bell-wire, 424

Lee, Mrs., on intelligence of robin, 314;
of goats, 337;
of rats, 361;
on vindictiveness of elephant, 389

Leeches, apparent intelligence of, 24

Lefroy, Lieut-Gen, Sir John, on terrier communicating wants by signs, 446

Lehr, Herr H., on bees draining their hive, 190

Leroy, C. G.,
on nidification of birds, 300;
on migration, 301;
on collective instinct of wolves, 436

Lespès,
on ants:
slave-making instinct, 65, 66;
warfare, 68, 69;
division of labour, 98, 99;
on termites, 198

Leuckart, Prof., on intelligence of ants in surmounting obstacles, 135

Lever, Sir Ashton, his experiment on eccentricity of nest-building instinct, 295

Limpet, remembering locality, 28, 29

Lincecum, Dr., on harvesting ants, 97 and 103-7;
carrying one another, 109

Lindsay, Dr. L., on birds dreaming, 312

Linnæus, on swallows imprisoning sparrows, 318

Linnet, intelligence of in not flying against mirror, 311;
trained, 312

Liparis chrysorrhaca, 238

Livingstone, Dr., on certain ants of Africa, 110;
honey-guide, 315;
intelligence of buffalo, 335, 336;
reasoning power of dog, 457

Lobster, 233

Lockman, J., on fondness of pigeon for a particular air of music, 282

Lonsdale, on intelligence of snails, 27

Lophius piscator, 247-8

Lophobranchiate fish, incubating eggs in mouth, 245-6

Loudoun's 'Magazine of Natural History,' quotations from, 357

Love-bird, conjugal affection of, 270

Löwenfels, Herr H., on a wasp dismembering a fly to facilitate carriage, 196.

Lubbock, Sir John,
on ants:
sense of sight in, 32;
of hearing, 33;
of smell, 33-7;
of direction, 37-8;
recognising companions and nest-mates, 41-3 and 44-5;
deficiency of affection and sympathy, 45-7;
powers of communication, 50-3;
collecting hatching eggs of aphides, 61-2;
keeping pets, 84;
general intelligence, 123-8.
On bees and wasps:
sense of sight in, 143;
of smell and hearing, 144;
of direction, 144-8;
memory, 151-4;
taming wasps, 153;
experiment on comparative intelligence of wasp and fly in finding way out of a bell-jar, 153-4;
experiments to test sympathy, 155-6;
way-finding, 181-3;
recognising one another, 183-4.
On co-operation of beetles, 226.

Ludicrous, sense of,
in dogs, 444-5;
in monkeys, 476, 485, 487, and 490

Lukis, F. C., on limpet remembering locality, 29




Maclaurin, on mathematical principles observed by bees in constructing their cells, 171

Macropodus, 244

Malcolm, Sir James, on sympathy shown by monkey, 474-5

Malle, Dureau de la, on dog knocking knocker, 423-4;
collective instinct of dogs, 435-6

Mammals, 326-498

Mann, Mr. and Mrs., their tame snakes, 256, 260-2

Mansfield, nest of fish, 242-43

Marsupials, 326-7

Martin, nidification of house, 292;
of land, 292

Martin, John, on reasoning power of cat, 415

MacCook, the Rev. Dr.,
on ants: recognising fellow-citizens, 44;
feeding comrades with aphides-secretion, 63-4;
keeping cocci and caterpillars, 64;
warfare, 78, 81-3;
sleep and cleanliness, 84-87;
play, 88;
funeral habits, 89-91;
agricultural, 97, 103-10;
modes of mining, 108;
swarming habits of agriculturals, 108-9;
carrying one another, 109-10;
removing nest from shade of tree, 131;
cutting leaves from shading tree, 131-2;
co-operation in cutting grass, 132

M'Crady, on larva of Medusæ sucking nutriment from parent, 34

Meek, his cat trying to catch image behind mirror, 415-16

Meenan, on a wasp carrying heavy prey up an elevation in order to fly away with it, 197

Melanerpes formicivorus, 285

Melia tessellata, 233-4

Melipona domestica, form of its cells, 173-6

Melothrus, 309-10

Memory,
of mollusca, 25-9;
of ants, 39-45;
of bees, 151-5;
of beetles and earwig, 226-30;
of batrachians, 255;
of reptiles, 259 et seq.;
of birds, 266-70;
of horse, 330;
of elephant, 386-7;
of dog, 438;
of monkey, 497

Menault,
on eagle submitting to surgical operation, 313-14;
on mason bee, 178-9

Merian, Madame, on ants of visitation, 130;
mygale spider eating humming-birds, 208

Merrell, Dr., on instinct of American cuckoo, 305-6

Mice, 360-4

Migration,
of caterpillars, 238;
of crabs, 232;
of fish, 248-50;
of reptiles, 257-8;
of birds, 266;
of mammals, 341-50, and 368

Mildmay, Sir Henry, on pigs learning to point game, 339-40

Mill, John S., on instinct of cruelty in man, 413

Miller, Prof., calculations regarding form of bee's cell, 173

Mind, subjective and objective analysis of, 1;
evidence of, 2;
criterion of, 4-8

Mischievousness, fondness of, shown by monkeys, 485 et seq.

Mitchell, on fish removing eggs from disturbed nest, 251

Mitchell, Major, on habits of Conilurus constructor, 326

Mivart, on instincts of sphex-wasps, 181

Mobbing instinct in birds, 291

Möbius, Prof., on commensalism between crab and anemone, 233

Moggridge,
on ants:
sympathy of, 48;
suggestion to Mr. Hague, 56;
warfare of, 79-81;
keeping pets, 83;
harvesting, 97-8 and 100-2;
division of labour, 98;
harvesters using burrows made by elater, 130;
intelligent adaptation to artificial conditions, 130;
co-operation in cutting grass, &c., 133.
On trap-door spiders covering trap-doors with moss, &c., 214-15;
making trap-door at exposed end of accidentally inverted tube, 215-216;
perfection of dwellings built by young spiders, 216-17;
manner in which instinct of making trap-doors probably arose, 217-18

Mollusca, intelligence of, 25-30

Monboddo, Lord, on snake finding way home, 262

Monkeys, 471-98;
general remarks on psychology of, 471 and 497-98;
emotions of, 471-8;
affection and sympathy, 471-5;
reproach, 475-6;
ludicrous, 476, 485, 487, 490;
play, 476-77;
curiosity, 477;
imitation, 477;
rage, jealousy, and revenge, 478;
memory of, 497;
general intelligence of, 478;
behaviour with mirror, 478-9 and 495-6;
picking shells off eggs, and taking care not to be stung by wasps in paper, 479;
intelligence of Mr. Belt's, 480;
disentangling chains, 480 and 486-8;
raking in objects with sticks or cloths, 480 and 486;
drawing chair to stand upon, 481;
using levers, 481 and 492;
using hammers, 481 and 485;
divining principle of screw, 490-91;
keeping door open with blanket, 481-2;
allowing tooth to be drawn, 482;
punishing young, 482-3;
destroying snake's fangs, 483;
concerted action, 483;
love of mischief, 485 et seq.;
throwing things in rage, 485 et seq.;
pushing slab to which tied, 484-7;
capricious attachments and dislikes, 484 et seq.;
trying to unlock a box, 492;
playing with fire, 493-4;
expression of emotions, 494-5;
dread of imitation monkey, 495

Morgan, L. A., on spider conveying insect to larder, 220

Morgan, L. H., on the beaver, 367-83

Moschkau, Dr., on intelligence shown by a spider which he habitually fed, 218-19

Moseley, Lewin, performing operation on a monkey, 482

Moseley, Prof., on intelligence of crabs, 231-2

Mossman, Rev. J. W., on wasps coming out of small aperture backwards, 192-3

Mule, alleged counting by, 332;
intelligence of, 333-4

Müller, Adolph, on instinct of cuckoo, 306-7

Müller, F.,
on powers of communication in bees, 157;
on termites, 198 and 201

Murray, S., intelligence of his dog, 450

Music, fondness of spiders for, 205-7;
of parrots and pigeon, 282

Mygale spider eating humming-birds, 208

Myriophyllum spicatum, 243

Myrmeleon formicarium, 234-5