Gander, see Goose

Gaphaus, H. A., on cat opening thumb-latch, 421

Gardener, on intelligence of crab, 233

Garraway, Dr., on beetle concealing its store of food, 229

Gasteropoda, intelligence of, 26-29

Gasterosteus pungitius, 243;
G. spinachia, 243

Geer, M., on earwig incubating young, 229

Gelasimus, 233

Gentles, W. Laurie, on intelligence of a sheep-dog, 448, 449

Geoffrey, on pilot fish, 252

Gibbons, their sympathy for suffering companions, 472, 473

Gleditsch, on beetles undermining stick supporting a dead toad, 228;
on spiders weighting their webs, 221

Glutton, 347-50

Goat, intelligence of, 337, 338

Goat-sucker, removing eggs, 289;
nidification of, 292

Goldfinch, trained, 312

Goldsmith on habits of rooks, 322, 323

Goldsmith, Dr., on intelligence of otter, 346

Gollitz, Herr, on co-operation of beetles, 227

Goodbehere, S., on intelligence of a pony and ass, 332, 333;
on cunning of sheep-killing dogs, 450;
on dog knowing value of different coins, 452, 453

Goose, affection and sympathy of, 272, 273;
removing eggs from rats, 288;
noting time, 314;
opening latch of gate, 316

Gosse, on commensalism of crab and anemone, 234

Gould, on bower-bird, 279-81;
on humming-birds, 281;
on talegallus, 294, 295

Graber, Titus, on proportional size of ant's brain, 141

Grapsus stringosus, 231

Gray, Sir George, on nidification of talegallus, 295

Gredler, Vincent, on division of labour among leaf-cutting ants, 99, 100

Green, on intelligence of pigs, 339

Green, Seth, on tactics displayed by hunting wasps, 193

Griffiths, on intelligence of elephant, 388, 389

Grosbeak, nidification of, 295, 296

Grouse, learning to avoid telegraph wires, 312, 313

Groves, J. B., on cat trying to catch image behind mirror, 416

Guana, see Reptiles

Guerinzius, on wasps recognising persons, 188

Guillemots, plundering of by gulls, 283, 284;
mode of catching fish, 285

Gulls, plundering guillemots, 283, 284;
mode of challenge, 291;
nidification, 292

Guring, Thomas, on intelligence of geese, 314, 315




Hague, on powers of communication in ants, 54-7

Hamilton, R., on fear exhibited by cattle in slaughterhouses, 334

Hancock, Dr., on fish quitting water, 248;
crows breaking shells by dropping them on stones, 283

Harding, S., on intelligence of a pig, 340

Hare, 357-60

Hartmann, Von, his definition of instinct, 15;
on fondness of spiders for music, 206

Harvesting-ants, 96-110;
mice, 365, 366

Hawkshaw, J. Clarke, on limpet remembering locality, 28-9

Hayden, on monkey keeping door open with blanket, 481

Hayes, Dr., on intelligence of Eskimo dogs, 462

Helix pomatia, intelligence of, 26, 27

Hemerobius chrysops, 240

Hen, maternal instinct of, 272;
removing eggs with neck, 288;
and young chicken on back, 288, 289

Henderson, on navigating habits of Iceland mice, 364, 365

Heron, variations in nest-building, 299

Hogg, on intelligence of his sheep-dog, 448

Holden, on starlings learning to avoid telegraph wires, 312, 313

Hollmann, on intelligence of octopus, 30

Homarus marinus, 233

Hooker, Sir Joseph, on navigating habits of Iceland mice, 364

Hooper, W. F., on intelligence of a dog, 463

Horn, Mrs., on reasoning powers of a dog, 462

Hornet, carrying heavy prey up an elevation in order to fly away with it, 196

Horse, emotions of, 328-30;
memory, 330;
general intelligence, 328, 330-3

Horse-fly, tamed, 230, 231

Horsfall, on dog finding his way about by train, 467, 468

Hoste, Sir W., on wounded monkey showing its blood to the sportsman, 476

Houzeau, on hen transporting young chicken on her back, 288, 289;
parrots not being deceived by mirrors, 310, 311;
birds dreaming, 312;
mules counting their journeys, 332;
monkeys destroying poison-fangs of snakes, 483

Hubbard, Mrs., on intelligence of a cat, 414

Huber, Bishop, on sympathy of elephant, 389

Huber, F. and P., on instinct, 16.
On ants:
sense of smell in, 33;
recognising companions, 41;
powers of communication, 49, 50;
observations on slave-making instinct, 65;
on warfare, 76;
play, 87, 88;
harvesting, 97;
carrying one another, 109;
intelligence shown in architecture, 128, 129.
On bees:
sense of hearing in, 144;
duration of memory, 155;
powers of communication, 156, 159;
manipulation and uses of propolis, 161;
battles of queen-bees, 164, 165;
form of cells, 173;
building cells, 177, 178;
barricading doors against moths, 184;
strengthening combs, 185;
biting holes in corollas, 189;
ventilating hives, 191, 192;
effects of removing antennæ of bees, 197

Hudson, on habits of Melothrus, 309, 310

Hugen, on termites, 198

Humboldt, on instincts of young turtles, 257

Humming-birds, æsthetic instincts of, 281

Hutchings, J., on intelligence of a cat, 417

Hutchinson, on alleged tendency of scorpion to commit suicide, 225

Hutchinson, Col., on reasoning power of a dog, 463, 464

Hutchinson, Dr. H. F., on wolf-spider stalking own image in mirror, 213

Hutchinson, S. J., on intelligence of polar bear, 351, 352

Hutton, Mrs., on ants burying their dead, 91, 92

Hydrargrza, 248

Hymenoptera, see Ants and Bees




Idealism, cannot be refuted by argument, 6

Ideas, see Association

Imitation, shown by talking birds, monkeys, and idiots, 477, 478

Instinct, defined and distinguished from reason and reflex action, 10-17;
of medusæ, 23;
of worms, 24;
of mollusca, 25;
of ants with reference to colour, 32, 33;
to smell, 33-7;
to sense of direction, 37-9;
to recognising friends, 41-5;
to swarming, 57, 58;
to nursing, 58;
to education, 59, 60;
to keeping aphides, 60-4;
to making slaves, 64-8;
to wars, 68-83;
to keeping pets, 83, 84;
to sleep and cleanliness, 84-7;
to play and leisure, 87-9;
to treatment of dead, 89-93;
of leaf-cutting species, 93-6;
of harvesting species, 97-110;
of tree-inhabiting species, 110, 111;
of honey-making species, 111-14;
of ecitons, 114-22;
of driver and marching species, 121-2;
of bees and wasps, with reference to colour, 143-4;
to sense of direction, 144-51;
to food-collecting and wax-making, 160-2;
to propagation, 162-8;
of queens, 162-5;
of killing drones, 165-8;
with reference to wars, 169, 170;
to architecture, 170-80;
of sphex-wasp, 180, 181;
of termites, 198-203;
of spiders, 204-18;
of scorpion, 222-5;
of beetles, 226-9;
of earwig, 229, 230;
of flies, 230, 231;
of crustacea, 231, 232;
of larvæ, 234-40;
of fish, 242-53;
of batrachians, 254;
of reptiles, 256-9;
of birds, with reference to procuring food, 283-7;
to incubation, 287-91;
to nidification, 291-301;
of cuckoo, 301-10;
of marsupials, 320;
of whale, 327;
of ruminants, 335;
of swine, 339;
of bats, 341;
of seals, 341-8;
of wolverine, 348-50;
of rodents, 353, 354;
of rabbit, 354-7;
of hare, 354-9;
of rats, 360;
of mice, 364-5;
of rat-hare, 365, 366;
of beaver, mixed with intelligence, 367;
with reference to propagation and lodges, 367-71;
to procuring food, 371-3;
to dams, 373-80;
to canals, 380-4;
of cat, 411-12;
of dog, 437, 438;
of monkey, 471