Acerina cernua, 246

Acinia prehensa, 233

Actinia, 233, 234

Actinophrys, apparent intelligence of, 20

Adamsia, 234

Adaptive movement, as evidence of mind, 2, 3

Addison, his definition of instinct, 11

Addison, Mrs. K., on gesticulating signs made by a jackdaw, 316

Ælian, on division of labour in harvesting ants, 98

Æsthetic emotions of birds, 279-82

Affection, sexual, parental, and social, of snails, 27;
of ants, 45-9 and 58, 59;
of bees, 155, 156, and 162;
of earwig, 229;
of fish, 242-6;
of reptiles, 256, 258, 259;
of birds, 270-6;
of kangaroo, 326, 327;
of whale, 327;
of horse, 329;
of deer, 334;
of bat, 341;
of seal, 341-6;
of hare, 338-40;
of rats, 340;
of mice, 341;
of beaver, 367;
of elephant, 387-92;
of cat, 411, 412;
of dog, 437, 440, 441;
of monkeys, 471-5 and 484-98

Agassiz, Professor A., on instinct of hermit-crab, 232;
nest of fish, 242-3;
on beaver-dams, 384, 385

Agassiz, Professor L., on intelligence of snails, 26

Alison, Professor, on curious instinct of polecat, 347

Allen, J. A., on breeding habits of pinniped seals, 341-6

Alligators, 256-8 and 263

Alopecias vulpes, 252

Amœba, apparent intelligence of, 21

Anemones, sea, 233, 234

Anger, of ants and bees, see under;
of fish, 246, 247;
of monkeys, 478, 479 and 484-96

Angler-fish, 247, 248

Annelida, apparent intelligence of, 24

Antennæ, effects of removal in ants, 142;
in bees, 197

Antithesis, principle of, in expression of emotions by monkeys, 494, 495

Ant-lion, 234, 235

Ants, powers of special sense, 31-37;
of sight, 31-33;
of hearing, 33;
of smell, 33-37;
sense of direction, 37, 38;
memory, 39-45;
recognition of companions and nest-mates, 41-45;
emotions, 45-49;
affection, 45-48;
sympathy, 48, 49;
communication, 49-57;
habits general in sundry species, 57-93;
swarming, 57, 58;
nursing, 58, 59;
education, 59, 60;
keeping aphides, 60-64;
making slaves, 64-68;
wars, 68-83;
keeping domestic pets, 83, 84;
sleep and cleanliness, 84-7;
play and leisure, 87-89;
funeral habits, 89-93;
habits peculiar to certain species, 93-122;
leaf-cutting, 93-96;
harvesting, 96-110;
African, 110, 111;
tree, 110, 111;
honey making, 111-114 and 142;
ecitons, or military, 114-122;
general intelligence, 122-142;
Sir John Lubbock's experiments on intelligence, 123-128;
intelligence displayed in architecture, 128-130;
in using burrows made by elater larvæ, 130;
in artificial hives, 130;
in removing nest from shadow of tree, 131;
in cutting leaves off overshadowing tree, 131, 132;
in bending blades of grass while cutting them, 132, 133;
in co-operating to glue leaves together, 133, 134;
in getting at food in difficult places, 134, 135;
in making bridges, &c., 135-139;
in tunnelling under rails, 140;
anatomy and physiology of nerve-centres and sense organs, 140-2

Apes, see Monkeys

Arachnidæ, 204-225, see Spiders and Scorpions

Arago, his observation regarding sense of justice in dog, 443

Arderon, on taming a dace, 246

Argyroneta aquatica, 212

Arn, Capt., on sword- and thresher-fish, 252, 253

Articulata, see under divisions of

Ass, general intelligence of, 328 and 333

Association of ideas, see under various animals

Ateuchus pilularius, 226

Athealium, apparent intelligence of, 19-20

Atkinson, the Rev. J. C., on reasoning power of a dog, 458, 459

Audubon, on ants making beasts of burden of bugs, 68;
plundering instincts of white-headed eagle, 284;
variations in instinct of incubation, 299, 300

Auk, nidification of, 292

Automatism, hypothesis of animal, 6




Badcock, on dog making peace-offerings, 452

Baer, Van, on organisation of bee, 241

Backhouse, R. O., on dog being alarmed at a statue, 453

Bailey, Professor W. W., on dog stopping a runaway horse, 459

Baines, A. H., on dog communicating wants by signs, 446, 447

Baker, on sticklebacks, 245

Baldamus, Dr., on cuckoo laying eggs coloured in imitation of those of the birds in whose nests they lay them, 307

Ball, Dr. Robert, on commensalism of crab and anemone, 234

Banks, Sir Joseph, on intelligence of tree-ants, 133;
fish coming to sound of bell, 250

Bannister, Dr., on cat trying to catch image behind mirror, 415, 416;
on intelligence of the Eskimo dogs, 461, 462

Barrett, W. F., on instincts of young alligator, 256

Barton, Dr., on alleged fascination by snakes, 264

Bastian, on termites, 198

Bates, on ants' habit of keeping pets, 84;
cleaning one another, 87;
play and leisure, 88, 89;
leaf-cutting, 93-95;
tunnelling, 99;
ecitons, 114-21;
on sand-wasp taking bearings to remember precise locality, 150;
mygale eating humming-birds, 208;
on nidification of small crustacean, 232, 233;
habits of turtles, and alligators, 257, 258;
intelligence of vultures, 314;
bats sucking blood, 341

Batrachians, 254, 255

Bats, 341

Baya-bird, nidification of, 294

Bears, 350-352

Beattie, Dr., on dog communicating desires by signs, 447

Beaver, 367-85;
breeding habits, 367, 368;
lodges, 368-73;
dams, 373-79;
canals, 379-83;
general remarks upon, 368, 377, 379, 383;
age of their buildings, 384;
effects of their buildings on the configuration of landscapes, 384, 385

Bechstein, on birds dreaming, 312

Bee, mason, 178, 179;
tapestry, 179;
carpenter, 179;
rose, 179;
carding, 179, 180

Bees, sense of sight, 143, 144;
of smell and hearing, 144;
of direction, 144-51;
remembering exact locality of absent hive, 148-49;
following floating hives, 149;
memory, 151-55;
sympathy, 155, 156;
distances over which they forage, 150;
powers of communication, 156-60;
economy of hive, 160-8;
food and rearing, 160-163;
swarming and battles of queens, 163, 164;
drone-killing, 164-68;
plunder and wars, 168-170;
architecture, 170-8;
way-finding, 181, 182;
instinct of neuters, 181;
recognising companions, 183, 184;
barricading doors against moths, 184, 185;
strengthening combs in danger of falling, 185, 186;
mode of dealing with surfaces of glass, 186;
with strange hives, 186, 187;
evacuating fallen hive, 187;
ceasing to store honey in Barbadoes and California, 187, 188;
recognising persons, 188, 189;
biting holes in corollas, 189;
ventilating hives, 191, 192;
covering slugs, &c., with propolis, 190, 191;
effects of removing antennæ, 197

Beetles, see Coleoptera

Belshaw, on cat knocking knockers, 422

Belt, on ants, duration of memory in, 39, 40;
sympathy, 48;
division of labour, 99;
ecitons, 114-19 and 138;
tunnelling under rails, 140;
on sand-wasp taking precise bearings to remember locality, 150, 151;
struggle between wasps and ants for secretion of frog-hoppers, 194, 195;
intelligence of spiders in protecting themselves from ecitons, 219, 220;
beetles undermining stick supporting a dead toad, 228;
intelligence of monkeys, 480

Benedictson, on navigating habits of Iceland mice, 364, 365

Bennet, on birds dreaming, 312

Bennett, on conjugal fidelity of duck, 270, 271

Berkeley, G., on beetle storing its food, 228, 229

Bettziech-Beta, on termites, 199

Bidie, on suicide of scorpion, 222, 223;
on reasoning power of cat, 415

Bingley, on intelligence of ants, 133;
carpenter-bees, 179;
account of alleged training of bees, 189;
co-operation of beetles, 226, 227;
ant-lion, 230, 235;
domestication of toad, 255;
fascination by snakes, 264;
sympathy in birds, 272;
eccentricity of nest building instinct, 295;
education of birds, 312;
pigs pointing game, 339, 340;
intelligence of otter, 346;
memory of elephant, 387;
vindictiveness of elephant, 387, 389;
elephants enduring surgical operations, 399, 400

Bird, Miss, on combined action of crows in obtaining food from dogs, 320

Birds, 266-325;
memory of, 266-70;
emotions, 270-82;
special habits of procuring food, 283-6;
of incubation and taking care of offspring, 287-310;
general intelligence, 310-25;
dreaming and imagination, 311-12;
learning to avoid telegraph wires, 313;
recognising painting of birds, 311;
submitting to surgical operation, 313-14;
honey-guide, 315-16;
appreciation of mechanical appliances, 315-16;
concerted action, 318-322

Birgus latro, 233

Bison, 334-5

Blackbirds, breaking shells against stones, 283;
removing eggs, 289;
mobbing cat, 291

Blackburn, Professor H., on distances over which bees forage, 150

Blackman, on cats learning to beg for food, 414-15

Blackwall, on early display of instincts by spiders, 216

Blanchard, on mason-bee, 178

Blood, on reasoning power of a dog, 464

Boa-constrictor, really a Python, which see

Bodley, W. H., on dogs crossing a river to fight undisturbed, 451-2

Bold, on canary singing against own image in mirror, 276

Bombyx moth, larva of, 238-40

Bonnet, on spider following her eggs into pit of ant-lion, 205;
his experiments on instincts of caterpillars, 236;
observations on ditto, 238

Boobies, plundered by frigate pelicans, 284

Bosc, on migrating fish, 248

Bower-bird, instincts of, 279-81, 325

Bowman, Parker, his cat opening swivel of window, 425

Boys, C. V., his experiments with a tuning-fork on spiders, 206, 207

Brehm, on wasps recognising persons, 188;
intelligence of lapwing, 315, 316;
curiosity of monkeys, 477

Broderip, on vindictiveness of elephant, 389

Brodie, Sir B., his definition of instinct, 15;
on bees strengthening their combs, 185, 186

Brofft, Herr L., on powers of communication in bees, 160

Brougham, Lord, on hexagonal form of bees' cells, 172;
on intelligence of a dog, 450

Brown, Capt., on vindictiveness of a stork, 277-8

Brown, W., on a cat extinguishing fire by water, 425

Browne, Dr. Crichton, on cat ringing bell, 423

Browne, Murray, on fox allowing itself to be extricated from trap, 431

Browning, A. H., on intelligence of a dog, 450

Brydon, Dr., on collective instinct of jackals, 434

Buchanan, Dr., on climbing perch, 249;
on nidification of baya-bird, 294

Büchner, Professor,
on ants:
nursing habits, 59;
stocking trees with aphides, 63;
warfare, 71-9;
play, 87-88;
leaf cutting, 95-96;
intelligence in making a bridge of aphides over tar, 136;
of themselves over a space, 136-37;
and of a straw over water, 137;
ecitons, 139;
anatomy and physiology of brain, 141-42.
On bees and wasps:
powers of communication, 158-60;
swarming habits, 168;
wars and plunder, 169;
cell-building, 177-78;
evacuating dangerous hive, 187;
keeping hives clean, 190;
carrying dead from hive and burying them, 191;
ventilating hives, 191-92;
hornet and wasp dismembering heavy prey, and carrying it to an eminence in order to fly away with it, 196.
On termites, 198-202.
On spiders:
web-building, 211-12;
wolf spider, 213;
trap-door spiders, 217-18;
intelligence of a spider habitually fed by Dr. Moschkau, 218-19;