THE

DEFIANCE

METALLIC

PLANES

"THE BATTLE AXE."

ARE THE BESTin the WORLD.

Send for a full descriptive circular and price list to the manufacturers, the

BAILEY WRINGING MACHINE CO.,
99 Chambers St., New York.

BEST AND CHEAPEST

FOOT POWER

SCREW CUTTING

GOODNOW & WIGHTMAN
176 WASHINGTON ST BOSTON MASS.

The Only Grand Prize

for Sewing Machines, at the Exposition Universelle, Paris, 1878, was awarded, over 80 competitors, to Wheeler & Wilson Mfg. Co. New York City, and Bridgeport, Conn.

American Standard

Gauge and Tool Works.

22d and WOOD STS., PHILADELPHIA.

Standard Gauges and Measuring Implements, Hardened Steel Turning Mandrels, Adjustable Blade Reamers, Patent Tool Holders, Lathe Drivers, etc.

JOHN RICHARDS & CO.,

WARRANTED THE BEST.

1 H. P. Boiler & Engine, $150.
2 H. P., $175. 3 H. P., $200.

     Tested to 200 lbs. Steam.

LOVEGROVE & CO.,
152 N. 3d St., Philadelphia, Pa.,

Builders of Engines and Boilers, 1 to 100 horse power. Send for circulars and prices, and state size and style you want.

Wood-Working Machinery,

Such as Woodworth Planing, Tonguing, and Grooving Machines, Daniel's Planers. Richardson's Patent Improved Tenon Machines, Mortising, Moulding, and Re-Saw Machines, and Wood-Working Machinery generally. Manufactured by

WITHERBY, RUGG & RICHARDSON,      
26 Salisbury Street, Worcester, Mass.

(Shop formerly occupied by R. BALL & CO.)

LAP WELDED CHARCOAL IRON

Boiler Tubes, Steam Pipe, Light and Heavy Forgings, Engines, Boilers, Cotton Presses, Rolling Mill and Blast Furnace Work.

READING IRON WORKS,

261 South Fourth St., Phila.

PERRY & CO.'S STEEL PENS.

A sample box, for trial, containing our leading styles, including the famous "U" and "Falcon" Pens, mailed on receipt of 25 cts.

Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor & Co., Sole Agents for U. S., New York.

EAGLE TUBE CO.,

614 to 626 W. 24th St., New York.

BOILER FLUES of all the Regular Sizes,

Of Best Material and Warranted.

          ORDERS PROMPTLY EXECUTED.

No Payment Required till Tubes are Fully Tested and Satisfactory.

Cigar Box Lumber,

MANUFACTURED by our NEW PATENT PROCESS.

The Best in the World.

SPANISH CEDAR,

MAHOGANY,

POPLAR.

Also thin lumber of all other kinds, ⅛ to ½ in., at corresponding prices. All qualities. Equal in all respects to any made, and at prices much under any to be obtained outside of our establishment. Send for price list.

GEO W. READ & CO.,

186 to 200 Lewis Street, N. Y.

Established in 1840.

Eureka Safety Power.

Also, SPARK ARRESTING PORTABLES, and Stationary Engines for Plantations. Send for Circulars.

PERFECT

NEWSPAPER FILE

The Koch Patent File, for preserving newspapers, magazines, and pamphlets, has been recently improved and price reduced. Subscribers to the Scientific American and Scientific American Supplement can be supplied for the low price of $1.50 by mail, or $1.25 at the office of this paper. Heavy board sides; inscription "SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN," in gilt. Necessary for every one who wishes to preserve the paper. Address

MUNN & CO.,

Publishers Scientific American.

The Columbia Bicycle,

Made by THE POPE M'F'G CO.,
89 Summer Street, Boston.

A practical road machine, easy to learn to ride, and when mastered one can beat the best horse in a day's run over an ordinary road. Send 3c. stamp for catalogue.

BIG  PAY.—With Stencil Outfits. What costs 4 cts. sells rapidly for 50 cts.
Catalogue free. S. M. SPENCER, 112 Wash'n St., Boston, Mass.

65  MIXED CARDS with name, 10c. and stamp.
Agent's Outfit, 10c. L. C. COE & Co., Bristol, Ct.

YALE VERTICAL MILL

Iron Frame; French Burr; Self-oiling; Self-feeding; Long Bearings; Adjustable-balanced; best arranged, made and finished, cheapest, and for quality and quantity ground no superior in the world.

Also the Yale Vertical and Horizontal Steam Engines and Boilers. Send for Circular.

YALE IRON WORKS, New Haven, Conn.

Working Models

And Experimental Machinery, Metal or Wood, made to order by

J. F. WERNER, 62 Centre St., N. Y.

Pyrometers,  For showing heat of Ovens, Hot Blast Pipes, Boiler Flues, Superheated Steam, Oil Stills, etc.

HENRY W. BULKLEY, Sole Manufacturer,

149 Broadway, N. Y.

CAMERON
Steam Pumps

For Mines, Blast Furnaces, Rolling
Mills, Oil Refineries, Boiler
Feeders, &c.

For Illustrated Catalogue and Reduced Price List send to
Works, Foot East 23d St., New York.

Address JOHN A. ROEBLING'S SONS, Manufacturers, Trenton, N. J., or 117 Liberty Street, New York.

Wheels and Rope for conveying power long distances.
Send for circular.

ICE AT $1.00 PER TON.

The PICTET ARTIFICIAL ICE CO.,

LIMITED,

Room 51, Coal and Iron Exchange, P.O. BOX 3083, N. Y.

ROOTS' ROTARY HYDRAULIC ENGINE.

FOR

BLOWING ORGANS

AND RUNNING

LIGHT MACHINERY

OPERATED BY

HYDRANT PRESSURE,

GIVES GREATEST USEFUL EFFECT OF WATER.

IS A POSITIVE PRESSURE ENGINE.

P. H. & F. M. ROOTS, Manuf'rs, CONNERSVILLE, IND.
S. S. TOWNSEND, Gen'l Ag't, 6 Cortlandt St., NEW YORK.

Woodward Steam Pumps and Fire Engines,

G. M. WOODWARD,
76 and 78 Centre Street, New York.

Send for catalogue and price list.

The only Machines giving a solid core showing exact nature of rocks passed through.

M ICROSCOPES, Opera Glasses, Spectacles, at greatly reduced prices. Send three stamps for Illustrated Catalogue.

R. & J. BECK, Philadelphia, Pa.

F OR ALL KINDS OF MACHINERY—Apply to

S. C. HILLS, 78 Chambers St., New York.

MURRILL & KEIZER, 44 HOLLIDAY ST., BALTIMORE.

THE TANITE CO.,

STROUDSBURG, PA.

EMERY WHEELS AND GRINDERS.

GEO. PLACE, 131 Chambers St., New York Agent.

Established 1844.

JOSEPH C. TODD,

Engineer and Machinist. Flax, Hemp, Jute, Rope, Oakum and Bagging Machinery, Steam Engines, Boilers, etc. I also manufacture Baxter's New Portable Engine of 1877. Can be seen in operation at my store. A one horse-power portable engine, complete, $125; two horse-power, $225; two and a half horse-power, $250; three horse-power, $275. Manufactured exclusively by

J. C. TODD,

10 Barclay St., New York, or Paterson, N. J.

BAXTER $100 1 HORSE ENGINE OF 1877.

For State Rights to manufacture above, apply to

A. VAN WINKLE, Newark, N. J.

TO ADVERTISERS!  We fill orders for the insertion of advertisements in the newspapers of the United States and Dominion of Canada. To furnish advertisers with reliable information concerning newspapers and their rates, and thus enable the most inexperienced to select intelligently the mediums best adapted to any particular purpose, WE ISSUE SEMI-ANNUAL EDITIONS OF

AYER & SON'S MANUAL

FOR ADVERTISERS. 164 8vo. pp. Gives the names, circulation, and advertising rates of several thousand newspapers in the United States and Canada, and contains more information of value to an advertiser than can be found in any other publication. All lists carefully revised in each edition, and where practicable prices reduced. The special offers are numerous and unusually advantageous. It will pay you to examine it before spending any money in newspaper advertising. The last edition will be sent postpaid to any address on receipt of 25 cents by

N. W. AYER & SON, Advertising Agents, Times Building, Philadelphia.

Pond's Tools,

Engine Lathes, Planers, Drills, &c.

DAVID W. POND, Worcester, Mass.

Can I Obtain a Patent?

This is the first inquiry that naturally occurs to every author or discoverer of a new idea or improvement. The quickest and best way to obtain a satisfactory answer, without expense, is to write to us (Munn & Co.), describing the invention, with a small sketch. All we need is to get the idea. Do not use pale ink. Be brief. Send stamps for postage. We will immediately answer and inform you whether or not your improvement is probably patentable; and if so, give you the necessary instructions for further procedure. Our long experience enables us to decide quickly. For this advice we make no charge. All persons who desire to consult us in regard to obtaining patents are cordially invited to do so. We shall be happy to see them in person at our office, or to advise them by letter. In all cases, they may expect from us a careful consideration of their plans, an honest opinion, and a prompt reply.

What Security Have I that my communication to Munn & Co. will be faithfully guarded and remain confidential?

Answer.—You have none except our well-known integrity in this respect, based upon a most extensive practice of thirty years' standing. Our clients are numbered by hundreds of thousands. They are to be found in every town and city in the Union. Please to make inquiry about us. Such a thing as the betrayal of a client's interests, when committed to our professional care, never has occurred, and is not likely to occur. All business and communications intrusted to us are kept secret and confidential.

Address MUNN & CO.,
Publishers of the Scientific American,

37 Park Row New York.

T HE "Scientific American" is printed with CHAS. ENEU JOHNSON & CO.'S INK. Tenth and Lombard Sts., Philadelphia, and 59 Gold St., New York.