JAMES HENRY.

34. Westland Row, Dublin, July 14. 1851.

Your correspondent ERYX wishes to know, whether in the passage (Æneid, viii. 96.)—

the word secant can legitimately convey the same idea that is expressed in Tennyson's lines—

There can be little doubt that this well-known passage in the Æneid is the original of Tennyson's image; that, in fact, it is an excusable plagiarism on the part of the latter, who, in introducing, his image, has, I think, missed the appropriateness, and therefore increased beauty, belonging to it in the original passage of Virgil.

When Æneas is journeying up the Tiber to visit Evander, the river, in order to lessen his labours—

but notwithstanding this, the journey was arduous as is shown in the whole of the three lines 94-96.

That is to say, "They labour at the oar till night is wearied out, and day also is obliged to give place in its turn; they master one by one the long serpentine bends of the river, and, though covered and inclosed by the varied foliage above them, they cut their way through the opposing woods, which lie, as it were, in their path in the shadowy surface of the clear, still water."

The word placido is surely sufficient to prevent any one falling into the common-place interpretation alluded to by your correspondent as the one "usually given."

H. C. K.

—— Rectory, Hereford, July 14.

THE VINE OF ST. FRANCIS.
(Vol. iii., p. 502.)

I feel much obliged for the information afforded by your Dutch correspondent. When I sent you my Query on the subject more than a year ago, I wrote principally from memory; but as I have now the work in question lying beside me as I write, and as it seems to be rarer and less known than I had imagined, you will perhaps find place for a more minute description of it.

The Vine of St. Francis is a folio volume, containing 418 numbered leaves, a "Prologhe" of one leaf (next to the title-page), and a "Tafel vā dit boeck" at the end, of five leaves and a half unnumbered.

The title-page contains a full-length picture of the saint, with a nimbus round his head, the knotted cord round his waist, and his palms extended, displaying the sacred stigmata. Above the picture is the title in red and black. I have written in Italics the words printed in red:

"Den wÿngaert vā Sinte Franciscus vol schoonre historien legenden ende duechdelÿcke leerēnghen allen menschen seer profÿtelÿch."

And under the picture "Cum gratia et privilegio." On the back of the title-page is printed as follows:—

"Dit is die generael tafel vā dese wÿngaert dwelcke ghdeylt is in drie boecken.

Under these tables of contents occur two stanzas, the first containing five lines, the second containing seven lines. They commence:—

The preface to the Grote Legende informs us that it is Saint Bonaventura's life of Saint Francis, and mentions why it is called the Great Legend. This life ends at folio 47.

"Die legēde van zÿn drie gesellen den spiegel der volcomēheyts der minderbroeders. Broeder Thomas oude legends en̄ dē boeck der ghelÿcheden daer seer schoon besereuē is. Hoe ghelÿck dat dese heylighe man Franciscus: Christo Jhesu."

These lives, I suppose, are—that joint narrative compiled by three intimate associates of the Saint, "zÿn drie gesellen," that composed by Thomas of Celano; and the Liber Conformitatum.

The 39th chap. of this Oude Legende, folio ciii., relates, as the preface says—

"¶ Hoe dat S. F. woude reysen in verre lāden om dat vole te bekeren en̄ te vermaenen en̄ vā die grote tribulacie die hi leet int soldaēs lant en̄ hoe hi gerne martelaer hadde geworden en̄ hoe die broeders te Antiochien sÿn oordē aēnaemen."

On which Jewish-converting martyrdom-seeking journey Dr. Geddes (in his curious little work on the Romish Orders of Monks and Friars, Lond. 1714) quaintly remarks:

"A Quaker's having gone from England to Rome to convert the pope to his religion, is a mighty jest with some people, who are very much edified with this story of Francis's going from Italy to Egypt to convert the sultan, but these two adventures do to me appear to be so much alike that I shall leave it to anatomists to tell whether good wits that prompt others, have not their brains either made of the same size, or much in the same posture."

The Oude Legende ends folio 44. Next follows:

"¶ Die historie van dē aflaet van Sinte Maria van dē enghelen diemē portiūkel heet,"

as the preface hath it. Some of your readers may have seen an advertisement respecting a series of Franciscan works (to be published, I think, by Richardson of Derby), entitled the Portioncule Library; and seeing in the above table of contents "Die aflaet van Portiunkel," or the Indulgence of the Portiunkel, they may be at a loss to know its meaning, so I shall quote a note from Mrs. Jameson's highly interesting and valuable work on the Monastic Orders, which is to the purpose:

"The term Porzioncula means literally 'a small portion, share, or allotment.' The name was given to a slip of land, of a few acres in extent, at the foot of the hill of Assisi, and on which stood a little chapel; both belonged to a community of Benedictines, who afterwards bestowed the land and the chapel on the brotherhood of S. Francis. This chapel was then familiarly known as the 'Capella della Porzioncula.' Whether the title by which it has since become famous as the S. Maria-degli-Angeli belonged to it originally, or because the angels were heard singing around and above it at the time of the birth of St. Francis, does not seem clear. At all events this chapel became early sanctified as the scene of the ecstasies and visions of the saint; here also S. Clara made her profession. Particular indulgences were granted to those who visited it for confession and repentance on the fifth of August and it became a celebrated place of pilgrimage in the fourteenth century. Mr. Ford tells us, that in Spain the term Porzioncula is applied generally to distinguish the chapel or sanctuary dedicated to St. Francis within the Franciscan churches. The original chapel of the Porzioncula now stands in the centre of the magnificent church which has been erected over it."

In the "Legende" of St. Anthony of Padua, chap. vii. fol. ccxx., we have that saint's "sermo ad pisces" in the city of Rimini, die vol ketters was, and the conversion therefrom of the said ketters or heretics.

The "Prologhe" to the narrative "van die vÿf Martelaren," fol. clxxviii., commences, "Ego quasi Vitis fructificavi suavitatem odoris alo cenē wÿngaert," &c.: here we learn why the work is called Den Wÿngaert, or The Vine.

In the "tractat vā S. F. orden en̄ reghele," at fol. cccxxix., we have an account of Brother Agnellus of Pisa his mission to England in 1224.

In the "Getal der broederē en̄ prouintien," at fol. cccci., we learn that at that time (1518) England had 7 convents and 200 friars; Ireland 15 convents and 400 friars; and Scotland 8 convents and 120 friars.

The "Kalendier" which follows this "Getal" is printed in red and black.

"Den aflaet vā romē" is the last tract in the book. Here is the finis:

"¶ Hier eyndt bÿ de gratie gods dat derde boec vā desen wÿngaert die mit groten arbeyt wt veel ductētelÿcke scriftē wten latÿne vergadert en̄ nu eerst translateert is, ter eerē des heylighe confessors Sinte Franciscus en̄ ten profÿte vā allen gueden kenten menschen.

"¶ Hier na volcht di tafele."

After the "tafel" or index occur some verses containing seventy-three lines, eulogistic of the saint.

I forgot to mention that in the Oude Legende some of St. Francis's poems are given, translated from the Italian originals: at fol. cxxii. is given the "Canticum solis," part of which Sir James Stephen quotes in his sketch of the saint's life.

I have a Query to make, but must defer it to another time, as I have already taken up enough of your paper.

JARLTZBERG.

"JUSJURANDUM PER CANEM" (Vol. iii., p. 192.).—"SEDEM ANIMÆ IN DIGITIS PONUNT" (Vol. ii., p. 464.).—"FIAT JUSTITIA, RUAT CŒLUM" (Vol. ii., p. 494.).

An extraordinary mode of swearing, akin to the oaths already noticed, is recorded by Ysbrant Ides in his Travels from Moscow to China (London, 1705, and reprinted in the second volume of Harris's Collection):—

The dog, designed, as Cicero observes, for man's use, was doubtless selected for his sagacity and faithfulness; and by Loccenius, in his Leges W. Gothicæ, "tria canum capita" are stated to have been "Hunnorum gentis insignia," the progenitors of the Tunguzians, p. 107. In Northern Europe "sanguine Deos placari creditum; canibus etiam cum hominibus permistè in luco suspensis." (Ibid. p. 105.)

Among the northern nations, not only their testimoniary oaths were thus sanctioned by blood, but their confederative also, in which their fraternisation was symbolised by reciprocal transfusion of blood.

It was the custom of the Scythians "non dextras tantum implicare, sed pollices mutuo vincire, nodoque perstringere; mox sanguine in artus extremos se effundente levi ritu cruorem elicere, atque invicem lambere." (Hanseanius De Jurejurando Verterum.) Quintus Curtius remarks that among the Hindoos (between whom and the Scythians Sir W. Jones and other ethnographers have observed various traces of affinity) the joining of right hands was their usual mode of salutation; "dextra fidei sedes."

En passant, I have elsewhere seen the opinion quoted by a correspondent (Vol. ii., p. 464), "Sedem animæ in digitis ponunt," attributed to the Hindoos. Query, Has not the profession of θεληται (see Dr. Maitland on Mesmerism) prevailed among them? Their propensity to conjuring is so proverbial, that, according to a writer in the Asiatic Researches, that term is derived from one of their tribes. See also on their witchcrafts, Acosta's East and West Indies, chap. xxvi.

Before I dismiss the subject of swearing, permit me to observe what appears to me to be the origin of the apothegm "Fiat Justitia, ruat Cœlum" (Vol. ii., p. 494.), which, with a slight change, was afterwards adopted by Ferdinand, emperor of Austria.

May it not have originated in an oath similar to that of Chaganus, king of the Huns, recorded by Otrokoesi, in his Historiæ Hungaricæ?—

"Abarico ritu jusjurandum ad hunc modum præstitit. Ense edueto et in altum sublato sibi et Abaricorum genti dira imprecatus si quid mali, &c. Cœlum ex alto ipsis et Deus Ignis qui in cœlo est, irrueret."

More sententiously he may have said: "Fiat [a me] justitia, [in me] ruat Cœlum, [si non].

On the inviolability of oaths among the heathens, in addition to the works referred to in Vol. iii., p. 192., see Gentleman's Magazine, vol. i. p. 415.; on the singular notion, in the fourteenth century, of the harmlessness of colloquial and affirmative oaths, see Archæologia, vol. xx. p. 43.; and on the opposition made by the Lollards to this unchristian practice, Purvey's Remonstrance against the Corruptions of the Church of Rome, edited by the Rev. J. Forshall, London, 1851.

T. J.

HUGH HOLLAND AND HIS WORKS.
(Vol. iii. p. 427.; Vol. iv., p. 62.)

The querist on Hugh Holland and his works, must be content with a reply of unvarnished brevity.

1. "Where are these lines taken from, and what do they mean?"—The lines are from the Cypress garland of Hugh Holland, 1625. 4to. The meaning is obvious. I assume that Holland may be trusted as to his own age, to which Wood gives no clue.

2. "Who says he did not quit Westminster school till 1589?"—Wood says he was bred in Westminster school, and "elected into Trinity coll. in Cambridge, an. 1589." Welch, from official documents, gives the same date. Wood nowhere states that he "matriculated at Baliol in 1582."

3. "My words are, 'about 1590 he succeeded to a fellowship.'"—Wood says he was elected to Trinity college in 1589, "of which he was afterwards fellow." It may have been some years afterwards.

4. "Why does not MR. CORNEY give your readers his interpretation of the mysterious H. H.?"—He reserved it for another occasion, but now consents to satisfy the curiosity of the querist and others.

In 1632 Henry Holland dedicated to Charles I. an English version of the Cyrvpædia of Xenophon, made by his father Philemon Holland. In the dedication, which is signed at length, he says:

"Also, when any unworthy selfe (anno 1620) offred mine owne collections, entituled Herwologia Anglica, unto his highnesse [James I.], he most graciously received it."

"Et non solùm nomine bonus appellatus est [sc. Alex. Nowel], sed etiam et in vita sua bonitas apparuit, et in morte bona sua opera illum sunt sequuta, et uberiùs et fusiùs in Effigiebus nostris et vitis illustrium Anglorum cum de Coleto tum de illo apparet: (quæ nunc transmarino habitu vestiendæ sunt) quare hic illum pluribus prosequi verbis non est opus."

Here is unanswerable evidence that Henry Holland was the compiler of both works. In the catalogue of the Grenville collection of books, now in the British Museum, both works are ascribed to Hugh Holland.

5. "The edition of 1614 was certainly the first, and that of 1633 certainly the second."—The querist adopts my correction of his threefold error, and calls it an answer!

6. "I shall therefore leave the shade of Cole and MR. BOLTON CORNEY to settle the question as to whether any such work exists."—The querist did not perceive that the Roxana of Alexander was an error for the Roxana of Alabaster—so he endeavours to draw off the attention of his readers from this proof of critical obtuseness by a common-place witticism.

I must describe the facile process by which our querist has obtained his apparent triumph. Wood, at the close of his article on Hugh Holland the poet, which is chiefly derived from the Worthies of Fuller, mentions one Hugh Holland as admitted B.A. in 1570, and another Hugh Holland as matriculated at Baliol college in 1582, aged twenty-four; with others of that surname. He adds, "but whether any of them were authors, I cannot yet tell, or whether the last was the same with the poet. Qu." Now, with regard to the first and second articles, our querist omits the sentence which proves the inapplicability of his quotations! and with regard to the third article, he omits the word afterwards, which forms the gist of the argument.

BOLTON CORNEY.

LADY FLORA HASTINGS' BEQUEST.
(Vol. iv., p. 44.)

"Assertion is not proof," and it surely does require proof ere we consent to brand a writer of unimpeached character with the charge of "a shameless, heartless act of literary piracy."

It rests with ERZA to bring forward his or her proof that the lines in dispute were written by Lady Flora. ERZA asserted that they were "never before printed." I have enabled him or her to satisfy himself or herself that they were in print nearly twelve years ago. I am disposed to believe ERZA equally mistaken in the assertion as to the authorship of the lines. If this prove so, the imputation cast upon Miss Barber will revert upon her accuser, and will demand the most ample apology.

I do not know Miss Barber; her writings I have long admired; and having been the means of drawing down upon her such an accusation, I am not disposed to let the inquiry terminate here. Nor can I believe the Editor of "NOTES AND QUERIES" will desire that either a literary error or a groundless slander should descend to posterity in his pages.

L. H. K.

W. HASTINGS KELKE.

Drayton Beauchamp.

Replies to Minor Queries.

Coke and Cowper (Vol. iv., p. 24.).

—In reply to one of your correspondents, who inquires as to the correct pronunciation of the name of the poet Cowper, I may mention, that some years ago, being on a visit in the neighbourhood of Weston Underwood, I made particular inquiries on this point in the village, and found that there the poet had always been known as Mr. Cooper. The name of the noble family to which he was related will be the best criterion.

By the way, was there not sometime since a proposal for erecting by subscription a worthy monument to a poet whose memory every Christian must revere? In whose hands was this project, and with whom does its execution rest?

THOS. MCCALMONT.

Highfield, near Southampton, July 22. 1851.

In my humble opinion, Coke is the old English form of writing cook, from A.-Sax. "cóc." See Chaucer's Coke's Tale, and Cock Lorrell's Bote, where we read "Drouers, Cokes, and pulters;" and in this same poem occurs the line, "Carpenters, coupers, and ioyners." See also under Cooper in Pegge's Anecdotes of the English Language; the names, as thus pronounced, are rendered significant.

Should it be asked how we ought to pronounce the name of another poet, viz. Cowley, if Cowper be called Cooper, I answer that they are from different roots: that Cowley is from cow, and ley, signifying cow pasture, or place for cows; and that Cowper is only another form of Cooper: not but that in the north they pronounce cow as coo, and, therefore, they would call him Cooley.

THOS. LAWRENCE.

Ashby de la Zouch.

Dunmore Castle (Vol. iii., p. 495.).

—JAMES C. will find the subject of Vitrified Forts treated at considerable length in the fourth volume of the Archæologia Scotica, by S. Hibbert, Esq, M.D., Sir George Mackenzie, Bart., of Coul, and George Anderson, Esq., F.R.S., pp. 160-195.

T. B. J.

Edinburgh, July 18. 1851.

Gooseberry Fool (Vol. iii., p. 496.).

—The editorial note is sufficiently satisfactory; but what is the etymology of gooseberry? Clearly "gorseberry," the fruit of the prickly shrub or bush.

JAMES CORNISH.

Dryden and Oldham (Vol. iv. p. 36.).

—Whether Oldham or Dryden had the prior claim to the thought, is a very interesting question, but very easily settled in favour of the much greater poet of the two, for—

"The dedication to the Earl of Orrery was addressed to him in the year 1664, when The Rival Ladies, which was Dryden's second play, was first printed."—Malone's Dryden, vol. i. part 2. p. 3.

Whereas the poem of Oldham states itself to have been written in July, 1678.

C. B.

Theobald Anguilbert and Michael Scott (Vol. iii., p. 518.).

—TYRO will find a notice of him in Sir James Ware's Writers of Ireland, p. 92., Harris's edition.

FABER-FERRARIUS.

Dublin.

Penn Family (Vol. iii., pp. 264. 409.).

—In No. 75. of "NOTES AND QUERIES" for April, 1851, inquiry is made "to whom William Penn, the eldest son of William Penn (the founder), was married, and also to whom the children of said son were married, as well as those of his daughter Letitia (Mrs. Aubrey), if she had any?" William Penn (the son) married Mary Jones, by whom he had three children, William, Springett (who died without issue), and Gul. Maria. William had two wives, Christiana Forbes, and Ann Vaux. By Miss Forbes he had a daughter, married to Peter Gaskell, Esq.; and by Miss Vaux a son, Springett, who died without issue. Mrs. Aubrey (Letitia Penn) had no children.

EDW. D. INGRAHAM.

Philadelphia, July 4. 1851.

Bummaree (Vol. iv., p. 39.).

—I have no doubt that this word is derived, as so many of our market terms are, from the French, bonne marée, fresh fish.

"Marée signifie toute sorte de poisson de mer qui n'est pas salé; bonne marée, marée fraîche, vendeur de marée."—Dict. de l'Acad. Franc., voce.

C.

Miss or Mistress (Vol. iv., p. 6.).

—The indiscriminate use of "Miss" and "Mrs." to unmarried ladies is often very perplexing. The "Mrs." was not, as M. S. supposes, always accompanied by the Christian name for unmarried ladies; and the custom lasted at least as late as the reign of George II. Pope in his letters (about 1719) mentions "Mrs. Lepel" and "Mrs. Bellenden," maids of honour. The examples are innumerable, but the latest instance I remember is the Duchess of Queensbury addressing Patty Blount in 1756 as "Mrs. Blount;" though, no doubt, Patty was, by that time, entitled to what is called brevet rank.

C.

Book Plates (Vol. iii., p. 495.; Vol. iv., p. 46.).

F. S. Q.

In the Surrenden Collection there are several loose impressions of Sir Edward Dering's book plate, bearing date 1630. It is a very elaborate one, and of a size adapted only for a folio volume; one of them is now before me, with the date most clearly and distinctly marked.

L. B. L.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.

Mr. Macaulay's vigorous sketch of the gallant cornet of horse who resigned his commission for the toga, and, after figuring during his life as statesman than whom "none has left a more stainless, and none a more splendid name," was stricken down in full council while straining his feeble voice to rouse the drooping spirit of his country, forms the fifth part of The Traveller's Library: and it would be difficult to find a volume of the same compass better calculated to furnish a couple of hours' amusing and instructive reading than William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, by Thomas Babington Macaulay.

Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will sell, on Tuesday next, an extensive collection of Autograph Letters, chiefly of distinguished Actors, Actresses, and Dramatic Writers, but including a very interesting series of letters, documents, and papers relating to the Byron family, and, what is of still more importance and historical value, the Autograph Correspondence of Charles I. with Captain Titus, written during his imprisonment in Carisbrook Castle, and treating of his proposed escape from it, and also some letters of Charles II., addressed by him, after the Restoration, to the same zealous adherent. On the following day Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson will be employed in the disposal of a very select Collection of Autograph Letters and Historical Documents, including Letters and Autographs of Queen Elizabeth, James I., King John of France (Jehan le Bon), Richard Duke of York, Philip II. of Spain, and many documents connected with the great Anglo-Norman Families, and the Royal Houses of France and Normandy.

CATALOGUES RECEIVED.—W. Lincoln's (Cheltenham House, Westminster Road) Seventy-first Catalogue of English, Foreign, Classical, and Miscellaneous Literature; Cole's (15. Great Turnstile) List No. XXXVI. of very Cheap Books; G. Bumstead's (205. High Holborn) Catalogue Part 52. of Interesting and Curious Books.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.

• BUDDEN'S LIFE OF ARCHBISHOP MORTON, 1607.
• THOMAS LYTE'S ANCIENT BALLADS AND SONGS. 12mo. 1827.
• DODWELL (HENRY, M.A.), DISCOURSE PROVING FROM SCRIPTURES THAT THE SOUL IS A PRINCIPLE NATURALLY MORTAL, &c.
• REFLECTIONS ON MR. BURCHET'S MEMOIRS; or, Remarks on his Account of Captain Wilmot's Expedition to the West Indies, by Colonel Luke Lillingston, 1704.
• GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE. Vol. I. 1731.
• NEW ENGLAND JUDGED, NOT BY MAN'S BUT BY THE SPIRIT OF THE LORD, &c. By George Bishope. 1661. 4to. Wanted from p. 150. to the end.
• REASON AND JUDGMENT, OR SPECIAL REMARQUES OF THE LIFE OF THE RENOWNED DR. SANDERSON, LATE LORD BISHOP OF LINCOLN. 1663. Sm. 4to. Wanted from p. 90. to the end.
• TRISTAM SHANDY. 12mo. Tenth Edition. Wanted Vol. VII.
• MALLAY, ESSAI SUR LES EGLISES ROMAINES ET BYZANTINES DU PUY DE DOME. 1 Vol. folio. 51 Plates.
• AN ACCOUNT OF THE REMAINS OF THE WORSHIP OF PRIAPUS, to which is added a Discourse thereon, as connected with the Mystic Theology of the Ancients. London, 1786. 4to. By R. Payne Knight.
• CH. THILLON'S (Professor of Halle) NOUVELLE COLLECTION DES APOCRYPHES, AUGMENTÉ, &c. Leipsic, 1832.
• COURS DE PHILOSOPHIE POSITIVE, par Auguste Compte. 6 Vols. 8vo.
• SOCIAL STATICS, by Herbert Spencer. 8vo.
• THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE. The back numbers.
• THE DAPHNIS AND CHLOE OF LONGUS, translated by Amyot (French).
• ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA. The part of the 7th edition edited by Prof. Napier, containing the Art. MORTALITY.
• OBSERVATIONS ON THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE ON HEALTH AND MORTALITY, by Arthur S. Thomson, M.D. (A Prize Thesis.)
• REPORT ON THE BENGAL MILITARY FUND, by F.G.P. Neison. Published in 1849.
• THREE REPORTS, by Mr. Griffith Davies, Actuary to the Guardian, viz.:
• Report on the Bombay Civil Fund, published 1836.
• ——— Bengal Medical Retiring Fund, published 1839.
• ——— Bengal Military Fund, published 1844.
• OBSERVATIONS ON THE MORTALITY AND PHYSICAL MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN, by Mr. Roberton, Surgeon, London, 1827.

*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.

Notices to Correspondents.

REPLIES RECEIVED.—Marriage of Bishops—Whig and Tory—First Panorama—History of Magnetical Discovery—Mistake as to an Eclipse—A Posie of other Men's Flowers—Elision of Letter V.—Meaning of Carnaby—Bummaree—Fortune, infortune fort une—Curious Omen at Marriage—Petworth Register—Mice as a Medicine—Leman Baronetcy—Words of a Catch—Dies Iræ—Covines—Test of a Bow—Eisel—Plaids and Tartans—Voce Populi—Organs—Curfew—Churches decorated at Christmas—Mistletoe—Inscription on an Oak Board—Medical Use of Mice—Answer to Charade—Cure for Ague. [And many others which are already in type waiting for insertion.]

Copies of our Prospectus, according to the suggestion of T. E. H., will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by circulating them.

VOLS. I., II., and III., with very copious Indices, may still be had, price 9s. 6d. each, neatly bound in cloth.

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