168 ff.

Dictation exercises, for series, 171;
for compound sentences, 173-174;
for initial clauses or participial phrases, 176;
for parenthetical expressions, 180-181;
for independent elements, 182-183;
for non-restrictive relative clauses, 186;
for the semicolon, 193-194;
on manufacture, 280-281;
on distribution, 305 ff.;
on real estate, 329 ff.;
on banking, 350 ff.;
on corporations, 365 ff.

Direct discourse, 163 ff.;
use of comma in, 170.

Directors of corporations, 359.

Discount, 335.

Discourse, direct, 163 ff.;
indirect, 166 ff.

Discussion and investigation topics, on manufacture, 278-279;
on distribution, 304;
on real estate, 327;
on banking, 349-350;
on the corporation, 365.

Dishwasher, letters to sell a, 265 ff.

Distribution.
Transportation an essential element, 283 ff.;
the steamship company, 284;
the railroad company, 284 ff.;
the retail merchant, 286 ff.;
the wholesale merchant, 291 ff.;
the mail order merchant, 295 ff.;
the salesman, 298 ff.;
suggestions for debates, 302;
subjects for paragraphs, 303 ff.;
topics for investigation and discussion, 304;
bibliography, 304 ff.;
dictation exercises, 305 ff.

Dividends, 355.

Dividing a subject into its natural divisions, 149 ff.

Dot, 9.

Double relative, 59.

Doubling final consonants, rule for, 22.

Draft, bank, 341 ff.;
time, 343-344;
sight, 344-345.

Dropping of final e, 22, 25.

Druggist, outline of advertising letters sent by, 268-269.

Durability, its appeal in advertising, 311-312.


E, final, retained, 25.

Each, every, 62, 86 (3)

Economy, its appeal in advertising, 311-312.

Effect and affect, 102.

Efficiency, office, 217;
stenographic, 217.

ei or ie, 24.

Either—or, 123.

Electric washing machine, outline of letters to sell, 269.

Elements, independent, case of, 65;
punctuation of, 182.

Emphatic pronouns, 59.

Emulation, its appeal in advertising, 311-312.

ence and ance, 34.

Endings, peculiar adjective, 33;
peculiar noun and verb, 34.

Endorsing a check, methods of, 340.

English, oral, 1, 127 ff.;
written, 1.
(See Punctuation, The Clear Sentence, Business Letters.)

ent, 33.

Enthusiasm in business, 230.

eous, 33.

Essentials, of a sales letter, 230;
in manufacture, 272-273;
of an advertisement, 310-311.

Every, number of, 86.

Examples and illustrations, paragraphs developed by, 222.

Examples of advertisements, 318 ff.

Except, a preposition, 124;
incorrectly used as a conjunction, 124.

Except and accept, 102.

Exclamation mark, use of, 162.

Exclamatory sentence, defined, 41.

Explanatory details, paragraphs developed by, 222.

Explanatory expressions, punctuation of, 179 ff.
Appositives, 179;
parenthetical expressions, 180;
independent elements, 182;
explanatory relative clauses, punctuation of, 185;
subordinate elements coming at the end of the sentence, 188.

Exports in cattle, paragraph on, 76.

Express money order, 340-341.

Expression, conciseness of, 199;
variety of, 111.


f, and fe, plurals of nouns ending in, 19.

False conclusions in debating, 137-138.

Farm lands, 325 ff.;
outline of letters to sell, 267-268;
letters pertaining to, 325 ff.;
topics for investigation and discussion on, 327;
dictation exercises on, 329 ff.

Farm reform, 329.

Farming specials, 330.

Favor, your esteemed, and similar expressions, to avoid, 243.

Fee simple, 322.

Fewer and less, 80.

Figures, plural of, 20, 160.

Final consonant, rule for doubling, 22.

Final e, dropped, 22, 25;
retained, 25-26.

Finance department of a railroad, 360-361.

Finances of a corporation, 354.

Fly, flow, flee, 101.

Folding a letter, directions for, 238.

Follow, conjugation of in the passive voice, 105 ff.;
synopsis of, passive, 106.

Following, the, punctuation after, 195.

Follow-up letter, the, 264 ff.

For, as preposition and conjunction, 55.

Foreclosing a mortgage, 322.

Foreign plurals, 21.

Foreign news, to suggest subjects for talks, 155.

For example, punctuation with, 195.

For instance, punctuation with, 195.

Form letter, the, 264.

Form of the business letter, 231.

Formation, of participles, 21 ff.;
of possessive case, 67;
of infinitives, 110.

Freight bill, 286.

Freight, receipt for, 285.

Furniture, outline of letters to sell, 269.

Future tense, 88 ff.;
progressive, 89;
perfect, 90.


G, pronunciation of, 24.

Gas mantles, paragraph on, 280-281.

Gold certificates, 332.

Good and bad headlines in advertisements, 313-314.

Government's Laundry, the, 173-174.

Greek roots, 30.


Had ought, 103.

"Hammock" paragraph, 216.

Have and of, 119.

Heading of the business letter, 232, 235.

Headlines of advertisements, good and bad, 313-314.

Health, its appeal in advertising, 311-312.

Herculean, 5.

Homonyms, 14-15.

How to advance, paragraph on, 177.

Hoping and similar expressions, to avoid, 242-243.

Hyphen, use of, 196.


Ible, 33.

Ideas, mistaken, in letter writing, 241 ff.

ie or ei, 24.

Illustrations and examples, paragraphs developed by, 222.

Imperative sentence, defined, 41.

In, prefix, 33.

Income of railroads, 360.

Incorrectly used, nouns and pronouns, 73-74;
adjectives and adverbs, 81-82;
verbs, 114-115;
prepositions, 118-119.

Indefinite it or they, 207 ff.

Indefinite pronouns, 61;
used as adjectives, 61.

Independent elements, case of, 65;
punctuation of, 182.

Indicative mode, defined, 112;
of be, 112.

Indirect discourse, 166 ff.

Indirect object, 66.

Industrial corporations, 363.

Industry, 273.

Infinitive, defined, 109;
tenses and voices of, 110;
split, 77, 209.

Initial clause or participial phrase, punctuation of, 176.

Insurance, 327 ff.;
letters pertaining to, 328 ff.

Insurance and real estate, 321 ff.

Interesting words, 1 ff.

Interjection, 49;
O, 161.

Interrogation mark, use of, 162;
position of with quotation marks, 163 ff.

Interrogative pronouns, declined, 60.

Interrogative sentence, 41.

Intransitive verb, 83.

Introduction of the letter, 232, 235-236.

Investigation and discussion, topics for, on manufacture, 278-279;
on distribution, 304;
on real estate, 327;
on banking, 349-350;
on the corporation, 365.

Investments, mining, 365-366.

Investors, 184, 185.

ious, 33.

Irregular plurals of nouns, 19.

Irregular verbs, principal parts of, 95 ff.

ise, ize, yze, 34.

It used indefinitely, 207 ff.

Italic, derivation of, 3.

Italian a, 9.

Its and it's, 160 ff.


k, insertion of, 25.

Kindly, abuse of, 243.
Labor, 274.

Local news, to suggest subjects for talks, 155.

Land business, the, 325 ff.

Latin-American trade, the, 306.

Latin prefixes and suffixes, 31.

Lay and lie, 100-101.

Learn and teach, 101.

Lease, 321.

Least, used in the superlative degree, 78.

Legal department of a railroad, 360-361.

Length of good headlines in advertisements, 313.

Less and fewer, 80.

Letter beginnings, 240, 247, 248-249.

Letter, to investors, 47;
to accompany a style book, 172;
to sell a trip on the water, 183-184;
to sell a house coat, 221-222;
ordering goods, 239;
from A. Lincoln to Mrs. Bixby, 240-241;
to accompany a catalogue, 245 ff.;
to sell cheese, 246;
to sell hinged paper, 247-248;
to open an account, 250-251;
credit, 251-252;
requesting payment, 254 ff.;
answering a complaint, 257-258;
of application, 260-261;
follow-up, 265 ff.;
from a bank, soliciting a trust (to be punctuated), 348-349;
market, 366.

Letters, plurals of, 20.

Letters, business, in the manufacturing business, 276 ff.;
in the retail business, 287 ff.;
in the wholesale business, 292 ff.;
in the mail order business, 295 ff.;
to help the salesman, 301;
pertaining to banking, 345 ff.
(See Business letters, Letter.)

Lie and lay, 100-101.

Like, followed by the objective case, 124.

Loose and lose, 103.

Lose and loose, 103.

Luck and labor, paragraph on, 174.


Macron, the, 9.

Magazine advertising, 311 ff.

Mail order business, the, 295 ff..

Manufacture, 270 ff.;
essentials in, 272-273;
subjects for themes on, 275;
suggestions for debates on, 275;
letters in, 276 ff.;
topics for investigation and discussions on, 278 ff.;
bibliography for, 280;
dictation exercises in, 280 ff.

Market letter, 366.

Market value, 355 ff.

Marks, diacritical, 7;
question, 162;
quotation, 163 ff.

Materials, raw, 274.

Maturity of bonds, 358, 364.

May and can, 102.

Merchant, the retail, 286 ff.;
the wholesale, 291 ff.;
the mail order, 295 ff.

Methods of endorsing a check, 340.

Might and could, 102.

Mining investment, principles of, 365.

Misplaced modifiers, 209-210.

Mispronounced, words commonly, 13, 17.

Mistaken ideas in letter writing, 241 ff.

Mode, defined, 112;
indicative and subjunctive of be, 112;
subjunctive denoting possibility, 113.

Model letters. (See Letter.)

Modern business done by letter, 229 ff.

Modifiers, adjective and adverb, word, 49;
phrase, 52 ff.;
clause, 54-55;
used to secure unity, 202;
misplaced, 209-210.

Money, 332;
kinds of paper, 332 ff.;
its appeal in advertising, 311-312.

Money order, express, 340-341;
postal, 341.

Monosyllables ending in silent e, 9.

Month from year, comma used to separate, 178.

More or less, used in the comparative degree, 78.

Mortgage, 322, 357 ff.;
foreclosing a, 322.

Most or least, used in the superlative degree, 78.

Motives to which advertisements appeal, 311.
Namely, punctuation with, 195.

Names, suggestive, in advertising, 313.

National bank notes, 333.

National news, to suggest subjects for talks, 155.

Necessary words, omission of, 210-211.

Need, its appeal in advertising, 311-312.

Negative comparison, 125.

Negative, outline for a debate on advertising, 143 ff.

Neither—nor, 123.

News, to suggest topics for talks, 155.

Nominative absolute, 65.

Nominative case, 64 ff.;
as subject, 64;
as subjective complement (predicate nominative), 65;
as appositive, 65;
independent, 65;
absolute, 65.

Nor, 123.

Notes, 359;
promissory, 336.

Noun, defined, 49;
clause, 54;
and the pronoun, 57 ff.;
common, 57;
proper, 57;
collective, 57;
abstract, 57;
verbal, 57;
modified by every and similar words, 86;
collective, number of, 86.

Nouns, rules for plurals of, regular, 18;
ending in y, 19;
ending in o, 19;
ending in f and fe, 19;
irregular, 19-20;
compound, 20;
foreign, 21;
possessive case of, 67;