a tribe of the Dhegiha group, 2, 77
habitat of, 98
industry of women, 103
life of, described by Morse, 106
structures of, 99, 101-104
villages of, described, 100, 103-104
villages of, listed by Père Marquette, 98
Oto tribe—
a tribe of the Chiwere group, 2
closely connected with Winnebago, 122
councils with, 115, 117-118
country occupied by, 114
habitation of, described by Bradbury, 115
temporary camp of, described by James, 120
winter camp of, described by Mölhausen, 118
Otsotchove, a Quapaw village,
109
Ozarks—
caves of, 107
habitat of the Osage, 98
hunting ground of the Osage, 107
Pahatsi, an Osage band,
2,
98
Palisades. See Fortified villages.
Palmer, Dr., missionary to the Osage,
104
Papillion Creek, Omaha village on,
81
Pasquayah village,
71
Pawnee confederacy, tribes composing,
2
Pawnee Indians—
abandoned camp of, 165
attack by, on Kansa village, 96
council held with, 160-161
country occupied by, 159
customs of, 163-165
habitations of, 156, 158, 161-162
manner of moving, 163
migration of, 156
temporary camp of, 164
Pawnee villages—
description of, 157, 162
orderly removal of, 65
photographs of, 162
Pelican, The, an Assiniboin chief,
71
Pembina, native habitations at,
55
Pemmican maul, of the Oto,
121
Peoria, village of, visited by Marquette,
41
Persimmon pulp, bread made of,
100
Petit Corbeau, village of,
48,
49,
50
Picaneaux, location and number of,
32
See Piegan.
Piegan Indians—
a tribe of the Blackfeet confederacy, 1, 25
camp of, described, 30-31
camp of, painted by Bodmer, 29
country occupied by, 27
population of, 31, 32
See Picaneaux.
Pike, Lieut. Z. M., exploring expedition of,
99,
155
Pillagers, gathering place of,
15
Pipes—
ceremonial use of, 172
from Omaha cache, 83
of peace, smoking of, 61
Pipestone quarry, tribes ranging near,
77
Pis-ka-kau-a-kis, a band of Cree,
18
Pitahauerat, a tribe of the Pawnee confederacy,
2
"
Platte purchase," Iowa living in,
114
Platte River, Oto village on,
116
Ponca Indians—
a tribe of the Dhegiha group, 2, 77
habitations of, 87-88
migration of, 77
separation of, from the Omaha, 87
Population—
of Arikara villages, 170
of Assiniboin, 76
of Atsina or Fall Indians, 32
of Cheyenne, 24
of Cree, 19
of Crow, 19
of Kansa, 89, 93
of Mandan, 139
of Minnetaree villages, 126
of Osage, 104
of Piegan, 31
of Sarsees, 32
of village of Sotoüis, 110
of Waco, 182
of Wichita, 182
of Yankton, 56
Porcupine Creek, village on,
22
Pottery—
Arikara, 174
fragments of, in Ozark caves, 107
fragments of, on village site, 46
of the Mandan, 137-138
of the Quapaw, 112
See Earthenware.
Pounds, buffalo,
5-
6,
26
Quapaw—
a tribe of the Dhegiha group, 2, 77
country occupied by, 108
decrease in population of, 111
meaning of the name, 108
migration of, 77, 112
remnants of, 111
Quivira, reached by Coronado,
179
Radin, Paul, list of Winnebago structures given by,
122
Rakes, made by Arikara,
177
Raynolds exploring party, sacred structure discovered by,
63
Red Cloud, an Oglala chief,
70,
71
Red River, structures in valley of,
9,
12
Red Wing, Minn., origin of the name,
47
Red Wing, village of—
described by Schoolcraft, 49
described by Seymour, 50
Rees, warfare of, with Sioux,
70
Republican Pawnee—
described by Irving, 161
visited by Long expedition, 159
See Kitkehahki.
Requa, W. C., Osage described by,
104
Rings—
of earth, 21, 28, 30
of stone, 20, 21
Rocky Mountain Fort, Assiniboin camp near,
77
Rooptahee, a Mandan winter village,
125,
134
Rotundas of the Cherokee,
118
Running-water River, early name of the Niobrara,
88
Rush mats—
for seats and sleeping places, 11
method of making, 41
used for covering dwellings, 10
Sacred dance—
for benefit of sick, 82
of the Dakotas, 55
Sacred island in Mille Lac, described,
46
St. Joseph, a trading post,
184
St. Paul, former Indian village near,
38
St. Peters River, exploration of,
47
Salt, making of, by Indians,
42,
174
Sandy Creek, Oto encampment on,
120
Sans Arcs, a Teton band,
2
See Itazipcho.
Sans Oreille, an Osage chief,
100
Santee—
eastern division of the Dakota, 45
tribes forming, 2
use of the name, 45
Santsukhdhi an Osage band,
2,
98
Sarsees, number and location of,
32
Saskatchewan Valley, tribes inhabiting,
32
Sauk and Foxes—
agriculture of, 40
living as one tribe, 38
manners and ways of life, 39-41
summer and winter habitations of, 38
villages of, similar in appearance, 38
See Fox Indians, Sauk Indians.
Sauk Indians—
excursions of, against the Osage and Missouris, 98
Missouri driven out by, 121
removal of, to Indian Territory, 38
territory of, 1
village of, visited by Long, 38
See Sauk and Foxes.
Sauteux. See Ojibway.
Schoolcraft, H. R.—
deserted Osage villages encountered by, 101
journey of, down the Mississippi, 49
Sioux settlements described by, 49
Seven Council Fires of the Dakota,
44
Seymour, E. S.—
Kaposia described by, 50
sketches by, 55, 93, 95, 121
Shakopee's village, described by Keating,
52
Shawanese, migration of remnant of,
2,
3
Shawnee, villages of, west of the Mississippi,
42
Shields—
Arapaho, affixed to tripods, 36, 37
of the Pawnee, 157
Sibley, George C., Kansa village described by,
90
Sichangu, a Teton band,
2
Sick and aged—
dance for benefit of, 82
treatment of, 165
Sihasapa, a Teton band,
2
Siksika, a tribe of the Blackfeet confederacy,
1,
25
Siouan tribes—
classification of, 2
general movement of, 3
in the East, 44
second largest stock north of Mexico, 43
skin tipi typical of, 7
various habitations of, 44
villages of, described, 1
westward migration of, 43
Sioux—
excursions of, against the Osage, 98
gathering of, with Ojibway, to establish peace, 15
Sisseton, a division of the Dakota,
2,
44
Skidi, a tribe of the Pawnee Confederacy,
2
Skin Dressing, implements for,
58,
59,
138
Skin Lodge—
Arapaho, 37
Assiniboin, 71, 76
Blackfoot, 28
Cheyenne, 24
construction of, 56
Cree, 18, 20
Crow, 150, 152, 153
decorations on, 28, 67, 76, 78, 85
descriptions of, 50, 51
drawings of, 56
erected by the Dakota, 45
Hidatsa, 146
Kansa, 94
Omaha, construction of, 80-81, 85
Pawnee, 162, 164, 165-166
predominance of, on the plains, 185
sketched by Kurz, 76
Teton, 61
used by roving tribes, 32
used by the Dhegiha, 77
used by the Oto, 118
Skin scraper, bone, described,
58,
59
Skin tipi—
when used by Omaha, 84-85
Yankton, described by Maximilian, 57-58
Sledges of the Mandan,
134
Smallpox epidemic—
among the Mandan, 139
among the Omaha, 78
Smoking custom of the Blackfeet,
26,
27
See Pipes.
Sotoüis, population of village of,
110
Soulier Noir, French name for the Amahami,
126
Spears, Arapaho, affixed to tripods,
36,
37
Spoons, horn—
of the Mandan, 137
of the Pawnee, 158
Stanley, paintings by, in National Museum,
31
Stansbury Expedition, narrative of,
64,
66-
68
Starapat, an Arikara chief,
176
State Historical Society of North Dakota, surveys made by,
139,
145
Stockade buildings, mentioned by Long,
50
Stockades, remains of,
67
See Fortified villages.
Stone circles, explanation of,
20,
21
Stone Indians. See Assiniboins.
Sun dance, lodges erected for,
63,
85
Sunflower seed, cakes made of,
136
Sweat house—
of the Crows, 155
of the Ojibway, 12, 16
Symbols, cut on trees by Indians,
43
Talangamane, a Sioux chief,
49
Taoapa, description of village of,
52
Tapage Pawnee. See Pitahauerat.
Tatanka Wechacheta, a Wahpeton chief,
53
Tatunkamane, son of a Dakota chief,
48
Tchan-dee, a Teton Sioux chief,
62
Teton—
a division of the Dakota, 2, 44
bands composing, 2
customs of, 60
great village of, visited by Lewis and Clark, 59-60
Teton River, village near mouth of,
62
Thatched lodges, of the Wichita,
179-
180
Thief, The, an Oto Indian,
117
Tinder Mountain, Cree band at,
18
Tipi—
drawing of, by Bodmer, 58, 59
of the plains tribes, fine example of, 68
typical of Siouan tribes, 7
See Skin lodges.
Tonginga, a Quapaw village,
109
Toriman, a Quapaw village,
109
Totem posts, not used by Omaha,
85
Traders lodge, of the Oglala,
68
Trails—
across the prairie, 88
buffalo, 7
in the Black Hills, 70, 71
made by travois, 66
Transportation—
among the Oglala, 65
among the Piegan, 30
See Dog travois, Horse travois.
Travois. See Dog travois, Horse travois.
Treaties—
of Greenville, westward migration following, 42
of peace between Sioux and Chippewas, 15
place of, between Ojibway and U. S. Government, 16
with Tetons, Yankton and Yanktonai, 57
Twenty-Four, village of the, a former Kansa town,
94
Two Kettles. See Oohenonpa.
Typha palustris, mats made of leaves of,
100
Union Agency, location of,
104-
105
Utensils of the Mandan,
136-
137
Utsehta, an Osage band,
2,
98
Village of the Twenty-Four,
94
Village sites, not contemporaneous,
127
Wabashaw, a Sioux village visited by Schoolcraft,
49
Waco Indians—
a tribe of the Wichita confederacy, 2
appearance of, 181
grass lodge of, 181
population of, 182
Wahktageli, a Yankton chief,
58
Wahpekute, a division of the Dakota,
2,
44
Wahpeton tribe—
a division of the Dakota, 2, 44, 52
country occupied by, 52
village of, described, 53
Wah-toh-ta-na, name for the Oto,
116
Wakan wachepe, a Dakota society,
55
Wa-ki-ta-mo-nee, an Oto chief,
118
Wanotan, a Yanktonai chief,
54
Wapasha, a Dakota chief,
47
Wapasha's Prairie, mentioned by Seymour,
50
Wapasha village, description of,
47,
48
War dance, Osage, account of,
105
Warriors, special lodges for use of,
25
Wattasoons, Mandan name for the Amahami,
126
Wattlework structures of the Osage,
101-
102,
105
Waubuschon, an Osage chief,
100
Wayondott, migration of band of,
3
Weapons of the Mandan,
138
Western Engineer, a steamboat of 1819 on Missouri River,
91-
93
Wetarko, Indian name for Grand River,
169
White Hair, an Osage chief,
103
White River, village site on,
108
Wichita confederacy—
a Caddoan group, 2
thatched dwellings of, 179-180
Wickiup, a temporary shelter,
70
Wigwams—
construction of, 11
dome-shaped, of the Ojibway, 14
mat and bark covered, 7