Accancea. See Quapaw.

Agriculture—
among Sauk and Foxes, 40
of the Arikara, 179
of the Mandan, 127
of the Osage, 106

Algonquian family—
characteristics of villages of, 7
general movement of groups of, 3
groups comprising western division of, 1
largest north of Mexico, 43
villages of, described, 1

Al-le-ga-wa-ho's village, 97

Allen, J.A., book by, on the buffalo, 7

Allouez, Père, mission conducted by, 122

Amahami—
once united with the Hidatsa and Crow, 140
village of, on Knife River, 125, 141

American Fur Company—
post of, 75
trade of, with Sioux, 61

Animals—
domestic, lack of, among the Iowa, 114
domestic, of the Kansa, 90
of the Dakota country, 4
See Buffalo, Dogs, Game.

Arapaho—
an Algonquian group, 1
country occupied by, 33-34
habitations of, 34

Arapaho village—
described by Fremont, 36-37
photograph of, 37

Arbor entrance, a Siouan feature, 122

Archithinue natives, name applied to Blackfeet, 25, 26

Arikara—
a Caddoan group, 2
encampments of, visited by Lewis and Clark, 23
hostility of, to whites, 176, 179
Mandan village occupied by, 139
migration of, 167, 169-170
pottery of, 174
settlement of, near Fort Berthold, 147
skilled agriculturists, 179
warfare of, with Sioux, 70

Akikara villages—
described by Brackenridge, 172, 173
described by Bradbury, 172
described by Maximilian, 175-176
on the Missouri, 168
sites of, 168-169
sketched by Catlin, 175

Ark of the first man, 129, 132

Arkansa. See Quapaw.

Arkansas band, a division of the Osage, 98

Assiniboin, a Missouri River steamboat, 130
trip of, to the Yellowstone River, 142

Assiniboin tribe—
alliance of, with Cree, 71
camp of, described by Maximilian, 75-76
country occupied by, 71
location and number of, 32
of the Dakota-Assiniboin group, 2
on the march, 73, 74
relation of, to other tribes, 44
separated from Yanktonai, 71
structures of, 71, 72, 73, 76-77
with Cree, at Mandan village, 74

Assiniboin village—
size of, 73, 74
movement of, 73, 74

Atsina, a division of the Arapaho, 1, 25
allied with tribes of the Blackfeet confederacy, 25, 34
fortified camps of, 34
incorporated with the Assiniboin, 25
various names for, 34

Atsina village, described by Maximilian, 35

Avenue, pottery on site of, 112

Awachawi, an Hidatsa village, 142

Awatichay, an Hidatsa village, 142

Ayauways, excursions of, against the Osage, 98


Bark-covered lodges—
as summer habitations, 38, 51, 84
as winter habitations, 51
employed in timber country, 184-185
erected by the Dakota, 44
of the Kansa, 95
of the Mdewakanton, 50
of the Ojibway, 9-13, 16, 17, 56
of the Osage, 98
of the Oto, 120
of the Quapaw, 109
of the Sauk and Foxes, 39

Basketry—
of the Arikara, 169
of the Osage, 103

Beauregard, Mrs. N.H., copy by, of manuscript, 90

Beds—
of the Caddo, 183
of the Kansa, 92
of the Mandan, 133, 134

Bellevue, a trading post on the Missouri, 81

Big-bellied Indians. See Atsina.

Big Kaw, an Oto Indian, 117

Big Knives, Kansa name for the whites, 89

Big Track, an Osage chief, 98

Birch bark structures, 9-13
See Bark-covered lodges.

Blackfeet confederacy, tribes composing, 1, 25

Blackfeet Indians—
camps of, described by Maximilian, 28
ceremonial lodges of, 33
country inhabited by, 27, 32
descriptions of, 25-28
manner of living, 33
number of, 32
warlike nature of, 28
war party of, 31
See Siksika.

Black Hawk, birthplace of, 38

Black Hills, no permanent Indian settlement in, 70

Blood Indians—
country occupied by, 27, 32
number of, 32
See Kainah.

Bodmer—
painting by, of Atsina village, 35
painting by, of chief's lodge, 76
painting by, of Mandan village, 133
drawing by, of tipis, 58
sketch by, in Newberry Library, 143

Bowls, wooden, of the Mandan, 137

Bradbury, visit of, to Omaha village, 78

Brulés, a Teton band, 2

Brush shelters of the Assiniboin, 75

Buffalo—
Arikara offering to, 174
hunting of, 4-7
importance of, to the Indian, 3-4
manner of traveling, 72

Buffalo Hunt—
described by Fremont, 35-36
of the Oglala, 68

Buffalo pounds, 5-6
use of, by Blackfeet, 26

Buffalo skulls, a charm to entice buffaloes, 62-63

Buffalo Society, Omaha, dance given by, 82

Buffalo trails, followed by Indians, 7

Bull-boat—
characteristic of upper Missouri, 129
of the Hidatsa, 146-147

Burials—
Omaha, 78
Oto, 120
scaffold, mention of, 50-51


Caches—
described by Fletcher and La Flesche, 80
described by Matthews, 150
exposed by railroad cut, 82
for storage of corn, 126
Omaha, described by Gilden, 83, 84
on elevated stage, 12

Caddo—
a tribe of the Caddoan family, 2
country occupied by, 155, 182
described by Joutel, 182-183

Caddoan family—
confederacies of, 2
country occupied by, 1
earth lodge characteristic of, 7-8
general movement of, 3
tribes composing, 2

Cahokia tribe, village of, 41

Cannon River, village near mouth of, 50

Canoes—
birch-bark, 15-16
made of buffalo skins, 94
of the Arikara, 172
of the Hidatsa, 141
Oto, 121
See Bull-boat.

Cappa, a Quapaw village, 109

Castañeda, thatched houses mentioned by, 179

Catlin, George—
among the Mandan, 128
among the Teton, 61
Arikara village sketched by, 175
collection of paintings by, in National Museum, 15, 129, 141, 175
incorrect drawings by, of earth lodges, 149
Indian portraits painted by, 62
Ojibway camp described by, 15

Caves, in the Ozarks, occupied by Indians, 107

Ceremonial lodge—
of the Crows, 155
of the Hidatsa, 144
of the Ojibway, 13
of the Quapaw, 111
of the Sun dance, 63
See Medicine lodge.

Ceremonial shelter, temporary, of the Cree and Ojibway, 18-19

Ceremonies, Arikara, in medicine lodge, 178

Chatique, an Assiniboin chief, 71

Chaui, a tribe of the Pawnee confederacy, 2

Cherokees, migration of remnant of, 2

Cheyenne Indians—
an Algonquian group, 1
described by Lewis and Clark, 24
in Arapaho village, 36
lodges of, for special purposes, 25
lodges of, like Pawnee, 24, 25
territory occupied by, 21
various habitations of, 22

Cheyenne village sites—
described by Grinnell, 22-23
mentioned by Lewis and Clark, 23

Chiefs, decorations on lodges of, 67, 76

Childs Point, ruins on, 82

Chippeway—
treaty of, with Sioux, 15
See Ojibway.

Chiwere group of Siouan tribes, 2
habitations of, 113
tribes composing, 112

Choctaw, temporary village of, 110

Cholera among the Oglala, 64

Chote, town house at, 118

Circles—
of earth, 21, 28, 30
of stone, 20, 21

Clarmont, French name of Osage chief, 103

Clothing—
made of buffalo hides, 3, 4
of the Kansa, 94

Club, wooden, of the Mandan, 138

Cocking, Matthew, journey of, 26-27

Colbert, first name of Mississippi River, 109

Corn, cultivation of, 39, 40, 106, 127, 179

Coronado expedition, thatched houses seen by, 179

Council Bluffs, origin of the name, 115, 157

Council house—
of the Kansa, 92-93
of the Ojibway, 16
of the Oto, 117
of the Teton, 60

Cree Indians—
habitations of, 17-21
language of, 17
population of, 18, 19
related to Ojibway, 17
loving disposition of, 19
territory inhabited by, 1, 18, 19
with Assiniboin at Mandan village, 74
See Knistenaux.

Crow Indians—
a tribe of the Hidatsa group, 2
arrangement of camps of, 154
ceremonial lodge of, 154-155
country inhabited by, 151, 152-153
described by Larocque, 151
lodges of, described, 152-154
separation of, from the Hidatsa, 150
wandering habits of, 153

Custer, General, mention of, 70

Customs—
of the Blackfeet, 26-27
of the Cree, 18-19
of the Ojibway, 8-11, 13, 17
of the Omaha, 85-87
of the Osage, 105-106
of the Pawnee, 163-165
of the Sauk and Foxes, 39-41
of the Teton, 60-61
of the Wahpeton, 53
of the Yanktonai, 54-57


Dakota-Assiniboin group, 2
country occupied by, 44
habitations of, 44-45
tribes composing, 44

Dance—
of the Teton, 60
See Dog dance, Sacred dance, Sun dance, War dance.

De Smet, Father, at the Kansa villages, 95-96

Decoration of lodges, 28, 67, 75-76, 78, 85

Delaware Indians—
abandoned settlement of, 42-43
log cabins built by, 42
migration of remnant of, 2, 3

Dhegiha group, 2
migration of, 77

Dodge, Col. R. I., with expedition into Black Hills, 70

Dog dance of the Kansa, 93

Dog feast, painting of, 15

Dog travois, 19-20, 55, 65, 76

Dogs—
as a sacrifice, 52, 61
as beasts of burden, 28
as food, 28, 53, 54
as sacred animals, 53
use of, for transportation, 72, 73
See Dog travois.

Dorsey, J. O., Omaha structures described by, 85

Douay, Père Anastasius, Quapaw villages mentioned by, 110

Dwellings. See Lodges, Tipi, Wigwam.


Earth circles—
explanations of, 21
noticed by Maximilian, 28, 30

Earth lodge—
Arikara, 170, 173, 176
characteristic of Missouri River tribes, 185
Cheyenne, no pictures of, 24
erected by Caddoan tribes, 8
Gros Ventres, 148
Hidatsa, 142
interior of, 81, 161-162
Mandan, 128, 130, 132, 133
most accurate drawing of, 143
not in tribal circle, 84
Omaha, 79-80, 82-83
Oto, 115, 116, 117
Pawnee, 156, 161-162
suggestive of Creek and Cherokee council house, 185
used by Dhegiha group, 77

Earthenware—
in the Ozark country, 107
See Pottery.

Earthworks, attributed to Dhegiha group, 77

Eastman, Capt., painting by, 51, 54

Elah-Sa, an Hidatsa village, 142

Ellsworth, H. L., expedition led by, 116, 159-161

Elm bark, structures of, 16, 17, 39
See Bark-covered lodges.

Engineer Cantonment, winter quarters of Long expedition, 157

Entrance—
to earth lodge, 149
to Winnebago dwelling, 122

Environment, influence of—
on form of dwelling, 184
on manners and customs, 8


Fall Indians, location and number of, 32
See Atsina.

Fall of the Rapid Indians, a name for the Atsina, 34