• Janiculum, the, 5, 16, 17, 171, 207, 227
  • Jasper, 27
  • Jerome, S., 37, 200
  • Jettatura, 231
  • Jews, in Rome, 5, 7, 45, 46, 160, 161, 180, 181-2, 183, 188, 198, 199;
    • bonnet, 46;
    • of the dispersion, 45;
    • quarter, 7, 56, 169
  • John X., 168
  • Jubilee year, 217, 252
  • Jupiter (Jove), 18, 28, 30, 37, 78, 130, 131, 181, 182
  • Justin Martyr, 46
  • Kitchens, Roman, 54, 94, 98, 99, 101, 108
  • Kitchen range, 98
  • La Marmora, General, 123
  • Lancellotti, Prince, 253
  • Lapis lazuli, 27
  • Lares compitales, 53
  • Larva, 27
  • Latin league, 69, 78;
    • religion, 91, 92, 181, 182, 183, 193, 194, 196, 197
  • Latium, 1, 2, 70, 71, 146, 147n., 181, 196
  • Law of guarantees, 247
  • Laws, Italian, 149, 246
  • Leo IV., 6
  • Leo IX., 161
  • Leo X., 13
  • Leo XIII., 148, 203, 247, 248, 252
  • Leonine city, 55, 56
  • Letter-writers, public, 102
  • Lewis Gonzaga, S., 102, 223
  • Lewis the Bavarian, 164
  • Libraries, 21, 31, 35, 174, 175
  • Lime-kilns, 37
  • Livy, 25
  • Lombardy, Lombards, 14, 65, 77, 125, 126, 188
  • Lottery, the, 84-87
  • Lucina, crypts of, 46
  • Lucius Crassus, 28
  • Lucius II., 240
  • Lucomones, 197
  • Lucullus, 28
  • Ludovisi, 170
  • Lumachella marble, 27
  • Luna marble, 25
  • Lupercus, 2, 91, 196
  • Lupetto Romano, 90
  • Macaroni, 97, 98, 100, 103
  • Madonna di S. Agostino, 86
  • Madonna, cult of the, 83, 87, 89, 91, 99
  • Mafia, 139, 139n.
  • Magistrates, 53, 110
  • Malaria, 74
  • Malta, order of, 5
  • Mamertine prisons, 18, 147
  • Manfred, 168
  • Marbles, 25, 26, 27, 29, 32, 33, 36, 54, 61, 98;
    • workers, 27, 36, 37, 39
  • Marcellus, theatre of, 30, 160, 168, 228
  • Marchesi di baldacchino, 177, 178
  • Marcia, acqua, 22, 73
  • Marcus Aurelius, 32, 46, 55, 63, 197, 241
  • Marforio, 140
  • Margherita, queen, 115, 252
  • Marino, 166
  • Marmoratum, 26
  • Mars, 3, 59, 74;
    • spears of, 3;
    • Ultor, 30
  • Marshall of Conclave, 170, 211;
    • of the Pope's Horse, 170
  • Martin V., 166
  • Martyrs, 41, 42, 43, 51
  • Mass, 3, 184, 191, 224, 232;
    • in the Campagna, 76;
    • commemorations in the, 49
  • Massimo family, 168
  • Master of Ceremonies, 205;
    • of Sant'Ospizio, 170;
    • workers, 67
  • Mausolea. See Tombs
  • Maxentius, 32
  • Maximi Caecilii, 45
  • Mazzini, 214
  • Meals, Roman, 97
  • Ménage, Roman, 93
  • Merchants, 63
  • Mercanti di Campagna, 77
  • Mesata secca, 106
  • Michael Angelo, 165
  • Michael, S., 74
  • Middle ages, 23, 36, 55, 65, 67, 161
  • Militia, Roman, 56, 64
  • Minerva, 18, 80, 181
  • Misericordia, 77
  • Mithras, 183
  • Mixed marriages, 122
  • Monasteries, 38, 66, 67, 96;
    • number of, 249;
    • suppression of, 248-9
  • Monastic professions, 249
  • Monks and nuns, 215, 220, 228, 229, 230, 249
  • Monopolies, 67
  • Monsignore of the papal wardrobe, 205;
    • of roads and streets, 9
  • Mons Saturninus, 30
  • Monte Cassino, 179
  • Monte Cavo, 17, 78
  • Monte Giordano, 163
  • Montes, 53
  • Monti, 55, 59, 60
  • Monticiani, 60, 61, 62
  • Morra, 101
  • Mortar, 22, 23, 24
  • Mosaic, 36, 37, 39, 174;
    • pavement, 27, 28, 33;
    • sectile, 28
  • Moses, 45, 181;
    • and Peter, 42
  • Mother houses, 249
  • Municipalities, Italian, 14, 15
  • Municipality, Roman, 13-16, 59
  • Municipal liberties, 14-16, 56, 64, 237, 245
  • Naples (Neapolitans), 72, 89, 126, 132, 138-9, 147, 166, 168, 187, 188, 237
  • Napoleon, 61, 141, 171, 238
  • Navicella, 61
  • Nero, 20, 22, 29, 31
  • Nicholas III., 167
  • Nobility, Roman, 63, 159, 160, 172, 173, 174, 178, 253
  • Numa, King, 52, 62, 181
  • Numidia, 27
  • Obelisks, 26, 28, 33, 38
  • Obsession, 82
  • Octroi, 103
  • Odescalchi, 168, 172
  • Olevano, 79
  • Olive, 80
  • Olive harvest, 80
  • Ombrellino, 230
  • Opus incertum, 25;
    • mixtum, 25;
    • reticulatum, 25
  • Orderlies, 107
  • Oreglia, Cardinal, 203
  • Orsini family, 60, 160, 162, 163, 165;
    • Filippo, 167-168;
    • Giordino, 167, 168
  • Osteria, 100
  • Ostia, 26, 33, 63
  • Ostian Way, 70
  • Ostie, 229
  • Otho III., 7, 8
  • Oxen, 24, 26, 68, 77, 96
  • Pacca, Cardinal, 255
  • Pacca law, 255
  • Palaces of Caesars, 30, 33
  • Palaces, 38, 39, 93, 94, 172, 174, 175;
    • Aldobrandini, 6, 50;
    • Antici Mattei, 172;
    • Balestra, 172;
    • Barberini, 171, 232;
    • Bolognetti-Cenci, 169;
    • Bolognetti, 169;
    • Bonaparte, 172;
    • Borghese, 172;
    • Braschi, 173;
    • Cancelleria, 173, 247;
    • Cenci, 169;
    • Chigi, 172;
    • Colonna, 166, 172;
    • Corsini, 171;
    • Costaguti, 172;
    • Doria Pamphili, 172, 175;
    • Falconieri, 173;
    • Farnese, 173;
    • Farnesina, 171;
    • Ferraiolo, 172;
    • Fiano, 140, 172;
    • Gabrielli, 163;
    • Gaetani, 172;
    • Giustiniani, 173;
    • Grazioli, 173;
    • Lancellotti, 253;
    • Lateran, 36, 247;
    • Longhi, 172;
    • Massimo, 169;
    • Odescalchi, 172;
    • Orsini, 168;
    • Patrizi, 173;
    • Piombino, 172;
    • Quirinale, 208, 214, 231, 247, 251, 252, 253, 254;
    • Ruffo, 172;
    • Ruspoli, 172;
    • Rinuccini, 172;
    • Salviati, 172;
    • Sciarra, 172;
    • Simonetti, 173;
    • Theodoli, 172;
    • Venezia, 172
  • Palatine, 2, 4, 5, 13, 29, 30, 31, 33, 35, 53, 56, 135, 157, 162
  • Pales, 91
  • Palestrina, 164, 165, 166
  • Palestrina, Pier-Luigi, 156
  • Paliano, 166
  • Palladium, 2
  • Pallas, 2, 13
  • Pamphili-Doria, 172
  • Pan, 2, 91, 92
  • Pantheon, 10, 19, 30, 56
  • Paola aqueduct, 22
  • Paolo, 105
  • Papacy, 16, 57, 162, 167
  • Papal government and theocracy, 214, 217, 218, 219, 224, 225, 236, 245, 254
  • Papal titles, 177, 179
  • Papetto, 105
  • Parian marble, 26
  • Parione, 56
  • Parishes, Roman, 53, 56, 200, 201, 206
  • Parliament House, 101
  • Paros, 27
  • Paschal II., 166, 240
  • "Paschal lambs," 223
  • Pasquale, convent of S., 223
  • Pasquinades, 140
  • Pastor Bonus, 197
  • Patres conscripti, 178
  • Patriarchal ménage, 175, 176
  • Patricians, Roman, 45, 70, 159, 170, 178
  • Patrimony of Peter, 237, 238;
    • extent, 257
  • Patrizi, 177
  • Paul II., 172
  • Paul V., 170
  • Paul, S., 192, 199
  • Paulinus of Nola, S., 8
  • Pavements, mosaic, 27, 28, 33
  • Pavonazzo, 27
  • Pax Romana, 198
  • "Peace of the Church," the, 12, 34, 43, 198
  • Pensions of monks and nuns, 248-249
  • Pentelic marble, 27
  • Peperino, 23, 73
  • Pepin, 14
  • Peretti Francesco, 167
  • Peruzzi, B., 168
  • Persecutions, 20, 42, 51
  • Peter, S., 16, 42, 50, 166, 199, 200, 243;
    • chair of, 46;
    • and Moses, 42;
    • primacy of, 42;
    • statue of, 11;
  • Petrarch, 164
  • Philip Neri, S., 77
  • Piano nobile, 175
  • Piazza SS. Apostoli, 166, 172;
    • Colonna, 172, 202;
    • Lateran, 26;
    • Montanara, 90, 160;
    • Navona, 173;
    • Pantaleoni, 169;
    • del Popolo, 219;
    • Tartaruga, 172;
    • di Venezia, 169, 172
  • Piedmont, Piedmontese, 126, 132, 139, 155, 171, 253
  • Pierleoni, 160, 161
  • Pigna, rione, 56
  • Pilgrims in Rome, 9, 67
  • Pincian hill, 16, 17, 100, 135, 224, 244
  • Pinelli, 140, 226
  • Piombino, 68, 170, 174
  • Pius VI., 140, 173, 238
  • Pius IX., 11, 22, 85, 202, 203, 208, 213, 215, 219, 231, 238;
    • and Italy, 214, 215, 219, 235, 236;
    • liberal impulses, 213;
    • and the non possumus, 215;
    • and the people, 222, 245;
    • and the syllabus, 236;
    • and Victor Emmanuel, 250
  • Pius X., 77, 250
  • Pizzardoni, 151
  • Plebiscite, the, 251
  • Plebs, the, 14, 56, 62, 78, 81
  • Police, 54, 55, 144, 149-151, 215
  • Pompeii, 29, 45
  • Pompey, theatre of, 163
  • Pomponius Grecinus, 45
  • Pons Aelius, 32;
    • Fabricius, 7, 29;
    • Cestius, 7;
    • Triumphalis, 55
  • Ponte Margherita, 102;
    • Quattro Capi, 29;
    • Rotto, 223;
    • S. Angelo, 9, 32
  • Ponte, rione, 55
  • Pontifex Maximus, 197
  • Pontine marshes, 30
  • Pope, 201, 202, 205;
    • court of the, 173;
    • presentation at, 253;
    • and conciliation, 249;
    • and the Catholic princes, 237, 238;
    • election of, 202;
    • and Italy, 246-250, 252
  • Popes, fugitive, 239;
    • Senate of the, 201
  • Population of Rome, 12, 34
  • Populus, 14
  • Porphyry, 27, 36
  • Porporati, 204
  • Porta Furba, 72, 73
  • Porter, house, 94, 95, 110, 175
  • Porticoes, 33, 35
  • Portico of Octavia, 30, 168
  • Porto, 26
  • Possession, 82
  • Pozzolana, 24
  • Praetextatus, 45
  • Praetorian guard, 54
  • Prelate, Italian, pamphlet by, 254
  • Prefect, 54, 169
  • Prepotenza, 134
  • Presbyters, 200, 201
  • Primacy, papal, 42, 235, 244
  • Princes, Roman, 108, 159, 161, 170, 172, 173, 176, 177, 207
  • Prince Assistant, 167, 170
  • Priory of the Knights of Malta, 5
  • Priscilla and Aquila, 5
  • Processions, 58, 66, 67, 205, 252
  • Propaganda Fide, 248
  • Prophets, 48, 188
  • Protestantism in Rome, 47, 189, 190, 193
  • Provisioning of the city, 65, 103, 105
  • Pudens, 45, 46
  • Pumice stone, 24
  • Puritanism, 112, 188, 189, 194, 196