Carts and other Carriages, the Laws relative to them, 595, 596
Casual Poor, See Poor.
Chance Medley, how punished, 45
Charities in the Metropolis:
Parish Schools for Education, 569
Societies for promoting Religion and Morality, 570
Asylums for the Helpless and Indigent, 572
Hospitals for the Sick and Pregnant Women, 573
Dispensaries for the Poor, 574
Institutions for Charitable Purposes (See Poor), ibid.
Cheapside, a general rendezvous for Thieves, and the reason, 106, 107
Cheats, the offence of cheating defined by Law, 113
The different classes of Cheats explained; who are more or less engaged in acts of Fraud, in the Metropolis, 109, 110, &c. 131
China, its Laws, and Punishment for High-Treason, 40
Parricide, 41
Murder, 44
Theft, 52
Chips, See Dock-yards.
Churches and Places of Worship in the Metropolis, 568
Coaches and Chairs in the Metropolis (and See Hackney Coaches; Night Coaches), 595, 596
Coasting Vessels, &c. purchase embezzled Stores, 255
Coin counterfeited, and Coiners:
Extensive Circulation of base Coin, 15, 16
The evils attending it, 117, 118
Foreign Coin fabricated in England, ibid.
Coiners, 120 discovered, 18
Vast amount of Coin counterfeited, 181
Different Coins fabricated, 173
The process used in making the different kinds of base Money, 174, 184
The period when the trade of dealing in base Money acquires its greatest vigour, 188
Deficiencies of the present Laws, 208
Remedies proposed, 191-208
Colleges, five in London, 569
Commons and waste Lands, the source of evil by encouraging the idle Poor, 83
Constables, in the Metropolis, 1040 in London, Westminster, Middlesex, the Tower Liberty and Southwark, 397, 398, 399
Their power by the Common Law extensive, explained, 390
Rewards necessary to excite attention, 392
Rewards to Constables, and persons apprehending various classes of Criminals, 390
Propositions for rendering them more useful and respectable, 405-410
Convicts discharged from the Hulks from 1792 to 1799, 98
Number sent to the Hulks from the commencement of the Establishment, to December 12, 1795, 7999, 463
Expence of the support of Convicts transported in the Hulks, 465, 466-480, n.
General Statements, shewing the periods of their discharge, and the number pardoned, escaped and discharged, 463-465
A statement of their Earnings at Woolwich and Langston Harbour, 467, 468
The inefficacy of this mode of Punishment, 469, 470
Transported to New South Wales—Accounts of the Number and Expence, 472-474
Opinion of the Finance Committee on the inefficacy of the whole System, 475, &c.
Proposals for employment of Convicts in Penitentiary Houses by Jeremy Bentham, Esq., 481-495
Further Regulations in the Penitentiary System suggested, 495, 500
Copper Money, See Coiners.
Corn, and Provender stolen in the Country, how disposed of in the Metropolis, 88
Courts of Justice in the Metropolis:
Courts for the trials of Crimes, Misdemeanors, Trespasses, &c. Two superior and Five inferior, 428
9 Supreme Courts in the Metropolis, 577
4 Ecclesiastical Courts, Doctors Commons, ib.
17 Courts of Justice in the City of London, 478, 479
8 Courts of Justice in Westminster, 579, 580
15 Courts of Justice in that part of Middlesex which joins the Metropolis, 580, 581
8 Courts of Justice in Southwark, 581, 582
Crimes, Specification of some not punishable by Law, 8, 35, 36
The cause of their increases, &c., 24, 25
should be prevented rather than punished, 32, 33
punishable with Death—a List of them, 437, 438, 439
punishable with Transportation, 440, 441
punishable with Fine and Imprisonment, 442
punishments on Rogues and Vagabonds, 443
the encouragements to Crimes held out by the present System, 449
increased by the imperfections of the Law, relative to small Debts, 585, 586
See Offenders: Thieves.
Criminal Code, a Revision of proposed, 7, 8
—— its imperfections, 24, 25
—— its great severity, 33, 53
See Emperor Joseph's Criminal Code.
Criminal People, Their boldness and many chances of escaping, 20, 21
—— many thousands in the Metropolis who subsist illegally, 21
—— likely to be increased, 24
—— although unfit for the Navy and Army from diseases, ruptures, &c. are yet capable of committing crimes, 99, 100
—— the measures used to effect their purposes, 100, 104
—— they make contracts with Receivers, 104
—— increase by means of base Money, 211
Custom-House Officers, called Glut-men, connive at pillage and plunder, 232
Dead Horses, and other Animals, Dealers in, to be regulated, 109
Dealers in old Metals and Stores, their great increase, 12
—— their mischievous tendency, 292, 293
—— Regulations proposed, 292, 293, 303, 548, 549
Death, The number of Crimes punishable with Death by the English Law, 5, 437
—— Abrogated in the Roman Empire, by the Portian Law, 6
—— Inadequate to the ends of Justice, 6
—— Impropriety of inflicting death, except for the highest offences, 30, 53, 58
—— Jewish Law relative to death, 43
—— Athenian Law, ib.
—— Roman ditto, ib.
—— Chinese ditto, 44
—— Persian ditto, 43
—— Saxon ditto, 44
—— Alfred's ditto, ib.
—— Athelstan's ditto, 51
—— Abolished in the Imperial Dominions of Joseph II. anno 1767, 60
—— Theft first punished by death by Henry I. nearly 700 years ago, 437
—— A specification of the several offences punishable with death by the Laws of England, 437, 438, 439
Debts, The difficulty and expence of recovering small sums, 584, 585, 586, 587
—— An astonishing Document, proving the vast extent of the injury, 587, n.
—— A Remedy proposed, 586, 588
Depredations on the Public, in the River and Dock-yards, Chap. viii. 214, &c. ix. 250, &c.
—— on Sugar and West India Produce, 240, 241
—— from Sugar Samples, upwards of 60,000l. a year, 235, n.
—— does not much exceed 15s. per cent. on the Moving Property, 215
Detection of Offenders:
—— The deficiency of the Law in this respect, 12, 13, 14, 15-20
—— further elucidated and explained, 381, 421, 422
Die Sinkers for base Money, the number employed, 184
Directions, and Cautions to avoid being cheated, 124, 125, 126, 127, &c.
—— As to the mode of proceeding in case of Fraud or Robbery, 383, n.
Dispensaries, in London, 574
Distresses of the Poor arising from the delusion of the Lottery (See Lottery), 154, 155
Docks in the River will not supersede the necessity of a River Police, 217, n.
Dock-yards, on the Plunder and Peculation therein, 249-287
—— Fees to Officers one source of the Evil, 251
—— Frauds in receiving, detaining, and selling Stores, 253-259
—— The Perquisite of Chips, 256, 257, n.
—— The amount of Public Property in Navy, Victualing and Ordnance Stores, estimated at 7,000,000l., 260
—— Laws now existing for protecting of this Property, 261-3
—— Their deficiency, and Remedies proposed
through the means of the Legislature, by A General Police System, 264
—— A Local Police for the Dock-yards, 265
—— Legislative Regulations in aid of these Systems, 269
—— Through the Admiralty, by regulating the sale of old Stores, 274-280
—— Abolishing the Perquisite of Chips, 281
—— —— of Fees, and increasing Salaries, 282
—— Improving the mode of keeping Accounts, 284
—— Making an annual Inventory of Stores, 286
Dollars, counterfeited, 173
—— (stamped) the iniquities practised in counterfeiting and exporting, detected by the Author of this Work, 172, 173, n.
Draco, his sanguinary boast, 33
Education, The great inattention to in the lower ranks one cause of Crimes, 34, 311
—— Seminaries for, in the Metropolis, estimated at 4050, 569
Egyptians, Their Laws for the punishment of certain offences, 41
Embezzlement of Public Stores. See River Plunder—Dock-yards.
Emperor Joseph the Second abolished the punishment of Death, 60
—— His edict on promulgating his New Criminal Code, 61
—— Abstract of his New Code, 63
—— A singular Anecdote concerning this Prince, 528, 529
Estimates, That Receivers of stolen Goods have increased from 300 to 3000 in the Metropolis, 9, 12
—— of moving Property on the River Thames (table), 215
—— —— arriving, departing, and circulating in the Port of London, 216, 217
—— —— belonging to the Public, Naval, and Warlike Stores, &c., 260
—— of Chips in Dock-yards, 256, 257, n.
—— of Streets, Houses, and Families in London, 411, n.
—— of Public Houses, 110
—— of Persons employed in fraudulent Lotteries, 156, n.
—— of the number of Members of Friendly Societies, 157
—— of the number of Jews, 147, 148
—— of the Officers of Justice, Beadles, Watchmen, and Patroles 2044, 413, 414
—— of Magistrates, acting in the Metropolis, 416, 417, 418
—— of Convicts, and others discharged from Prisons, 96, n., 97
—— of Prisoners tried in 1793 and 1754, 448
—— of the Produce of Labour of Convicts in the Hulks (See Convicts: Police), 467
Exports from the River Thames in one year 29,640,000l. (table), 215, 216
Farmers, petty Depredations on them, 86, 89
Faro Tables and Games of Chance, their evil Tendency, 135, 136
—— particularly in private Houses of Persons of Rank, 148
Felo de se, how punished by different Laws, 43, 44
Felonies, Public and Private defined, 43
—— A specific Detail of the different Felonies, distinguishing the Punishments, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441
Female Prostitution. See Prostitutes.
| Fielding, Henry Fielding, Sir John |
Excellent Magistrates, &c., 453, n. |
Finance Committee of the House of Commons, their useful Labours and Opinions on various Subjects (See Police), 251, n., 264, 419, 427, 469, 514, 516, 558, n.
Fires in London, the Laws relative to them, 597, 598
Forcible Marriage, how punished by different Laws, 48
Foreign Coin counterfeited in England, 17, 18, 184, 190
Foreigners, their opinion of the English System of Police, 522
—— the insecurity likely to arise from so many of them acquiring a knowledge of the English Language, 530
Fortune-tellers, their evil tendency, &c., 128, 130
Founders of Metals, an object of regulation as a means of preventing Crimes, 10, 540, n.
France, its Laws relative to Receivers of stolen Goods, 302, n.
—— —— to Sodomy, 46
—— its former Police, curious Anecdotes of, 525
Frauds on the Public in the Metropolis:
—— in the Naval Department of two sorts, 256, 257
—— and Forgeries specifically detailed, 111, 112, &c.
French language, the inconvenience and insecurity from its being so generally spoken, 530
Friendly Societies, an Estimate of the number of Members, 575
—— a proposition to guard them against the Evils of the Lottery, 157
Gaming, among the lower Ranks in Public Houses, a vast source of Crimes, 324
—— the Law relative to, and Penalties, 134, 135
—— the systematic confederacy of certain Gaming Establishments fully developed, 136-147
—— Estimated amount of the Money annually lost and won by Gaming, 143
—— the evil Consequences of Gaming, and dreadful effects to many respectable Families, 148
—— the bad example to menial Servants of Persons of Fashion, 150, 151
Gin, the astonishing quantity drank in London, 327, n.
—— the advantages arising from a High Price, 328, n.
Grecian Law relative to Sodomy, 46
—— —— to Polygamy, 49
Hackney Coaches, to be regulated by the Police, (and see Night Coaches), 105, 106, 305, 547, 556
—— Laws relative to them, 402
Hale, Sir Matthew, his opinion of criminal Indictments, 432, n.
Hawkers and Pedlars, to be licensed by Magistrates, 116, 117
—— their fraudulent Practices, 116, &c.
High Treason, See Treason.
Highway Robberies, by what classes committed, 95
—— systematically planned and executed, 102, 103
—— suggestions for preventing them by means of a Travelling Police, 109, n.
Homicide, 45, 46
Horse Patroles proposed, 109, n.
Horses Stolen, receiving them as such no Crime, 9, n.
—— how to be remedied, 303, 550
—— Frauds and Felonies respecting, immense, 103, n., 115, n.
Hospitals in the Metropolis, 573
Houses in the Metropolis 160,000, and upwards, 568
Houses of Correction, authorized in different Counties, 455
—— Regulations, 459, 460
Hue and Cry, a particular means of arresting Criminals, 388, 389
Hulks, the depravity of the Convicts confined in them, 24
—— First instituted in 1776, 455
—— Regulations by Parliament (See Convicts), 461
Idle Poor, the Funds appropriated for their support a Public Evil, 80, 82, &c.
Jews, (Dutch) their mode of Education a National Injury, as it promotes Idleness and Profligacy among the lower ranks, 119, 319
—— Objects of regulation as Dealers in old Metals and Apparel, 120
—— the principal Utterers of base Coin, 182, 190
—— the deplorable state of the lower orders belonging to the Dutch Synagogues, and the difficulties in making them useful, 120, 319, &c.
—— they are generally the medium by which stolen Goods are concealed and sold, 292
Jewish Synagogues in London, 568
Jewish Laws relative to Murder, 43
—— —— Sodomy, 46
—— —— Rape, 47
—— ——Theft, 52
Immorality of worse consequence than Political Crimes, 34
—— striking proofs adduced, 35, 36
Imports and Exports to and from the Port of London, abstract of (table), 215, 216
—— of Sugar and Rum for a year to March 25, 1799, 234, n.
Imprisonment for Debt, its impolicy and evil consequences in producing moral Crimes, 390, 394, &c.
Indigence, one cause of Crimes (See Poor), 352
Inhabitants of London, number estimated at one Million at least, 569
Inns of Court and Chancery in London, ib.
Institutions for useful, charitable, and humane purposes in the Metropolis, 376, 381
Irish, the lower Ranks great Utterers of base Money, 189
Iron Shops, great Receptacles of stolen Goods, 293
Judges of England, their great purity adds lustre to their own and the National Character, 430
—— the extreme labour attached to their Situations, a Proposition for the reducing it, 590
King, his Majesty's goodness and love of Mercy exemplified in pardon to Convicts, 22
King's Stores, Men employed to remove the broad arrow from Public Stores, 258
—— Abuses and Evils from the Sale of Old Stores, 256
—— Stolen, embezzled, &c. in the Thames, 257
Landed Interest, Depredations on by petty Thefts calculated at 4s. per Acre per annum, 89
Larceny, the Definition of this Offence, and the punishment, 50
—— Grand Larceny defined, 50, 55
Law, the different classes of Professional Men in the Metropolis, 583
Laws of England, (Criminal) Deficient with regard to the prevention of Crimes, abridging Liberty, and rendering Property insecure, and in some instances even Life itself, 94, 95, 100
—— Punishments, from their severity, defeat the ends of Justice, 43, 53
—— Above 160 Offences punishable with Death, 437
—— When incompatible with Justice Law should be repealed, 8, 301
—— Some Offences, injurious to Society, not punished at all, 8, 9, 34, 35, 36
—— Criminal Law explained, with respect to various Offences:
High Treason, 38
Public Felonies against the State, 42
Private Felonies specifically considered, viz:
Murder, 43, 44
Manslaughter, 44, 45
Homicide by Misadventure, 45
Chance Medley, ib.
Self-Defence, ib.
Rape, 46, 48
Forcible Marriage, 48
Polygamy, 49
Mayhem, ib.
Grand Larceny, 50
Petty Larceny, 50, 51
Mixed Larceny, 54, 55
Offences punishable by the Laws of England; a List of, 437, &c.
Law-suits, See Writs, Debts.
Lewdness and Debauchery prevail in all ill-regulated Public Houses (See Alehouses), 311
Liberty of the subject abridged by Thieves and Robbers, 2, 93
—— not by salutary Regulations to prevent Robbery, 13, 14, 308, 309, 545
Licences proposed on Milk Dealers, 92
—— on various trades connected with the Receivers of stolen Goods (See Police), 540, n., 549, 550
Lightermen on the Thames assist in Pillage and Plunder, 228
Lighting, &c. the Metropolis, 592
Little Goes, a private Lottery, a contrivance of a recent date, brought forward by the Lottery Cheats to keep alive the delusion and fever on the minds of the Poor all the year round, 152
Livery Stable Keepers, proposed to be regulated (See Horses), 109, 541
Lodgers, and Lodging Houses, proposed to be registered, 105, 539
London, comprehending the Metropolis. Its Commerce (See River Plunder)
—— The Magistrates, a list of; also Public Offices, 504, 505
—— Houses, Streets, Families, and Inhabitants, 411
—— Its prodigious Extent and Opulence, 567
—— Places of Religious Worship, 482
—— Seminaries for Education, 569
—— Institutions for promoting Morality, 570
—— For the Arts, 571
—— Asylums for the Indigent and Helpless, 572
—— For the Sick, Lame, &c., 573
—— Dispensaries, 574
—— Charitable Institutions, 574
—— Courts of Justice, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581, 582
—— Prisons, 582
—— Municipal Regulations of the Metropolis, relative to Watching, Lighting, Fires, &c. &c., 591
London, so called, (the City):
—— The utility of a closer Connection between the Aldermen and Police Justices, 420
—— The great respectability of the Magistrates of London, 512
—— The vast Labour of their official Situation, 513
—— Magistrates with Salaries proposed, to ease them of that part of the Labour which relates to Criminal Offences, 518
—— The great Labour attached to the Office of Lord Mayor, 513
—— Reasons assigned in favour of an Improvement of the Police of the City, by means of assisting Justices, ib.
—— The advantages which would result from such a System, 517
Lottery, A great means of corrupting the Morals of the Lower Orders of the People, 11
—— Lottery Insurers cheats of the worst class, 151-159
—— Their evil Practices explained, and their devises to carry them on in despite of the Law, 152, 153
—— Menial Servants contribute considerably to their support, 153, 154
—— The astonishing extent of their Transactions, 154, 155
—— The misery attendant on the Lottery delusion to the Poor, who fill the Pawnbrokers' Shops during the drawing of it, 155
—— The amazing amount of the premiums for Insurances yearly, 154, 156, n.
—— Estimated amount of fraudulent Insurances per annum 10,460,000l., 143
—— The astonishing number of Lottery Insurers, with their Appendages, consisting of Clerks, Morocco-men, Bludgeon-men, and Ruffians, employed during the Drawing of the Two Lotteries each year, 156, n.
—— The Lottery might be rendered useful to the State if the poorer classes could be shielded from its mischief, 157, 556
—— The evils attending on its present Plan, and the audacious conduct of the miscreants engaged in fraudulent Insurances in resisting the Civil Power, explained, 156, n., 158, 159
—— Their Profits said to be immense during the English Lottery 1796, 159
—— The exertions of the Magistrates rendered more peculiarly necessary to check this evil during the time of drawing the Lotteries, 159
—— Expedients proposed for guarding the Poor against the mischiefs, of future Lotteries, digested under eight different Heads, 160, 161, 162
—— Three plans for drawing the Lottery in such a manner as to prevent Insurance, 163, 170
Louis d'Ors, coined in England, 17, 190
Loyal Military Associations, the Country much indebted to them, 533, n.
Lumpers or Labourers on the River (See River Plunder), 226