Abacus, Chinese, 105.

Abdomen, the seat of intellect, 85.

Actors debarred from literary degrees, 54;
different grades, 57;
salaries, 58.

Adobe houses, construction, 23.

Adoption, conditions, 251, 252.

Aged, occasional hard lot of the, 326.

“Analects” quoted, 93.

Architecture of China described, 25.

Arnold of Rugby vs. Confucius, 72.


“Backing” the lesson, 81;
illustration, 81, 82.

Betrothal, evils of early, 267.

Bookkeeping, difficult in Chinese, 52.

“Book of Surnames,” 84.

Books copied by poor scholars, 100.

Borrowing, its universal necessity, 204, 205.

“Bowl associations,” 188.

Boys and men, village:
infancy of, 237, 238;
“milknames” given them, 238;
why called by girls’ names, 238;
names a clue to relationship, 239;
“style,” 239, 240;
secret titles used on letters, 240;
titles for men, 240;
boys carried about for years, 241;
Chinese fathers not sympathetic with childhood, 242, 243;
boys’ amusements and toys, 242-245;
do not rob birds’ nests, 244;
work of boys, 245-247;
their wages, 247;
outings, 247;
“donning the cap” on arriving at majority, 247, 248;
getting married, 248-250;
adoption of sons, 251, 252;
adopting a daughter’s husband, 252;
“reverting to original names,” 253, 254;
two branches of a family represented by one man, 254;
treatment in serious illness, 255, 256;
subordination of men to the elder relationships, 256;
summary of village boy’s limitations, 256, 257.

Bricks, colour and manufacture of, 22;
adobe, 23.

Bridal chair, 269;
its dismantling, 271.

Bully, the village:
peculiar to China, 211;
Chinese traits favouring his existence, 211;
names, 211, 216;
differentiated from four cognate classes of society, 211, 212;
dual classification of villagers, 212;
three varieties of bully, 212-225;
dress of bullies, 213;
how one becomes a “village king,” 214;
gymnastic preparation, 215;
poverty as a qualification, 216;
bullies as incendiaries, 217;
as crop injurers, 217, 218;
feeders to the yamêns, 218;
devices used against the rich, 218, 219;
the literary bully, 219;
the female bully, 219;
organization of a bully’s followers, 220, 221;
attacks on yamêns, 222;
worsted, 223;
power when influential, 223;
an illustration of such a bully, 223-225.


Candidates for examination, 112.

Carts, 39;
how drawn, 39.

Cash, one way of securing rare coins, 52.

Cash payments rare, 206.

Cave dwellings, 22.

Chang Kung, 27.

Chên-tien, or market towns, 147.

Christianity, what can it do for China? it can care for children physically, 341, 342;
it creates sympathy between parents and children, 342;
it teaches child-training, 342;
it will revolutionise education, 342, 343;
will educate girls as well as boys, 343;
will foster girl friendships, 344;
will lead to Christian choice of partners in marriage, 344, 345;
will postpone marriage to a suitable age, 345;
will oppose polygamy and concubinage, 345;
will sweeten and purify home life, 345;
will be a true peacemaker, 346;
will make man and wife the unit of society, 346;
will change ideals of friendship, 347;
will implant Christian idea of brotherhood, 347;
will improve the government, 348;
will implant patriotism, 348, 349;
the time required for this process, 349, 351, 352;
this prophecy based on past accomplishment, 350;
Christianity’s ultimate triumph, 352.

Chu Hsi’s Commentary, 87.

Cities irregular in form and reason therefor, 20;
monotonous appearance, 25.

Civilization unable to vitally change China, 348.

“Classics,” their excellencies, 95;
their defects, 95, 96.

Classification unheard of in Chinese schools, 90.

Colquhoun’s volume and its importance, 16, note.

Concubinage, 297, 300-302.

Confucius and his son, 70, 71;
his theory of teaching, 71, 72;
honoured in schools, 76.

Constables, local, 228.

Conversation, topics of, 315.

Cotton-gathering and manufacture, 276.

Cotton-gleaning, 166, 167.

Courtyard, arrangement of buildings in a, 25;
animals in, 28.

Crop-watching societies, why necessary, 161-164;
description of watchers’ lodges, 162;
fate of captured thieves, 163;
announcing the existence of a society, 164;
how expense is borne, 164;
agreement entered into, 165;
trial and punishment of thieves, 165, 166;
fines, 168;
effect on health, 168.


Daughters, infancy of, 237.

Dead, marrying to the, 298, 299.

Degrees, sale of, 121;
three methods of falsely securing, 122-126;
motives leading men to compete for degrees, 132, 133.

Democracy in China apparent, not real, 226.

Dictionary, standard Chinese, 97.

Digging through walls by thieves, 28.

Display, Chinese love of, 191.

“Distant reserve,” a Chinese factor in education, 72, 73.

District officials’ occasional objections to theatres, 59.

Divorce, seven grades of, 288.

Dogs destroyers of crops, 162.

Door-locking and thieves, 28.

Dunning must be repeated, 206, 207.


Educational Edicts of 1898, 134, 135;
results, 135.

Education, Chinese theories of, 71-73;
its object, 91, 106.

Education of girls unnecessary, 264.

Emigration made necessary in Yung Lo’s time, 20.

Essay brokers, 124, 125.

Essay, its place in Chinese education, 110, 111.

Examinations announced, 111, 112;
District Examinations, first day, 112, 113;
second to fourth days, 113;
fees, 113, 114;
second examination on fifth or sixth day, 114;
third examination, 114;
fourth examination, 114;
fifth examination, 115;
number of successful candidates small, 115;
Prefectural Examinations, their character, 116;
number of candidates, 116;
severity of hall regulations, 117, 118;
fees of successful candidates, 119;
“joyful announcements,” 119, 120;
honours paid successful candidates, 120;
diplomas lacking, 120, 121;
literary buttons and their forfeiture, 121;
result of negligence of examiners, 127, 128;
examinations required after first degree is obtained, 129.


Fairs, shopkeepers preparing for, 50;
gambling at temple fairs, 144;
differentiated from markets, 149;
numbers attending, 149;
duration, 150;
essentials to their success, 150;
opened by a play, 150.

“Falconing” with a woman, 296.

Family disunity:
why marriage is an element in this, 324-326;
disunity due to daughters, 326;
due to married sons living at home, 326, 327;
due to distribution of property, 327-329;
due to “empty grain-tax land,” 329, 330;
due to poisoning propensities, 330, 331;
due to lack of mutual confidence, 332;
due to lack of sympathy and pity, 333;
due to “face,” 335, 336;
due to transmigration ideas, 336;
due to domestic brawls, 337;
partial remedy for this disunity, 338.

Family, unstable equilibrium of the Chinese:
unit of social life, 317;
equilibrium affected by famine, 317;
by inundation, 317, 318;
by rebellions, 318;
by the labour market, 318;
by lawsuits, 319;
by debts, 320;
by sickness, 320, 321;
by gambling and opium among the wealthy, 321;
by social immorality, 322.

Farmers in China comparatively independent, 146.

Farms in various plots, 163.

“Feast” in its technical sense, 183.

Ferries, why essential in the North, 39;
loading animals and carts on the boats, 40, 41;
unloading, 41;
why ferry reforms are deemed impossible, 42.

Ferule and its uses, 78, 89.

Financiering, seven deadly sins of Chinese, 204-208.

“Five Classics,” 85.

Five degrees of relationship, 193.

Foot-binding, 261.

Foreigners attacked in theatres, 65, 66.

“Four Books,” 85.

Freedom of assembling, 228.

Funerals:
of suicides, 186;
why pillaging occurs at rich men’s funerals, 186;
fate of unpopular survivors, 187;
announcing funeral expense deficits, 187, 188;
coöperative bearers, 188;
catafalque ownership, 188;
funeral aid societies, 189, 190;
two factors determining elaborateness of, 192;
rites of the “seven sevens,” 192;
shabby paraphernalia, 193;
mourning costume, 193;
blocking the procession, 194;
funeral director’s duties, 194;
at the grave, 195.


Gathering fuel and manure, 246, 247.

Girls and women in China:
girls’ inferiority to boys, 258;
unwelcome at birth, 258;
reasons for female infanticide, 258, 259;
sale of daughters, 259, 260;
“rearing marriage,” 260;
foot-binding, 261;
girls’ employments, 261;
confined at home, 262;
married daughter’s return home and its consequences, 263, 264;
daughters rarely taught to read, 264;
anxiety about girl’s betrothal, 265;
restrictions after betrothal, 265, 266;
evils of early engagements, 267;
engagement cards, 268;
arrival of bridal chair, 268, 269;
“lucky days” sometimes unlucky, 269;
delivery of bride essential feature of wedding, 269;
dowry, 270, 271;
birth of first baby, 272;
children must be born at their father’s house, 272, 273;
faulty care of infants and children, 274, 275;
mortality of infants, 274, 275;
early senility of women, 275;
incessant labours of women, 275, 276;
daughter- and mother-in-law, 276, 277;
abuse of daughters-in-law and consequent retaliation, 277-279;
lawsuits in such cases are rare, 279, 280;
result of bride’s suicide, 281;
a typical case, 282-286;
number of women suicides, 286;
suicide a virtue, extract from the Shih Pao, 287, 288;
grounds of divorce, 288, 290;
why women must be married, 289;
prudishness in speaking about marriage, 290, 291;
sons should be married before parents’ death, 291, 292;
marriage to epileptics, idiots, etc., 292;
kidnapping of wives, 292-295;
wives sold by husbands, 295, 296;
“cheaper than an animal,” 297;
concubines, 297, 300-302;
marrying the dead, 298, 299;
men and women do not eat together, 302;
husband and wife do not converse, 303;
wife’s twofold defence, 303, 304;
hen-pecked husbands, 304, 305;
classical teaching concerning women, 305, 306;
Confucianism’s seven sins against woman: lack of education, 306, 307;
sale of wives and daughters, 307, 308;
early and too universal marriage, 308;
female infanticide, 308, 309;
secondary wives, 309;
suicide of wives and daughters, 309;
overpopulation, 309, 310.

God of Literature, 140.

God of War, 137.

Government high schools or colleges, 131.

Government, weaknesses of Chinese, 220;
its strength, 221.

Grapevines unlucky in yards, 24.

Greek drama in some respects like the Chinese, 56.


Hare hunting in Denmark, 175.

“Harrying to death,” 185.

Headmen, village: names, 227;
qualifications, 227;
duties and functions, 227-229;
“ins” and “outs,” 229, 230;
why incompetents are not removed, 230;
result of complaints illustrated, 230-232;
facility with which troubles arise in village life, 233, 234.

High schools, how different from common schools, 110;
Government high schools, 131.

History, Chinese, 99.

History taught through plays, 66.

Hospitable man described, 180.

Houses of stone, 22;
of bricks, 22;
of adobe, 23;
their roof, 23;
rooms, 25;
doors, 26;
windows, 26;
k‘angs, 26, 27;
floors, 28;
furnishings, 28.

Hsien District, conditions in, 317, 318, note.

Hsiu-ts‘ai obliged to attend examinations after graduation, 129.


Ice-sleds, 245.

Illness announced and the results, 255.

Imperial University in Peking, 135.

Incendiary fires, 217.

Infanticide of girls, 258, 259;
opposition to, 259.

Infant mortality, 274.

Intellectuality without stimulus except in school, 91;
intellectual obtuseness, 101.

Interest per month, 152, 210.


K‘ang, construction and use of, 26, 27.

Kidnapping wives, 292-295.

Kinship claimed for inheritance, 253.

Kitchen god, 27;
at New Year, 199.

Kung-shêng’s rank, 129, 130.


Lending a necessity, 205, 206.

Letters, ambiguity of address, 240.

Letter-writing, 101, 102.

Life in villages, monotony and vacuity of: villages a fixture, 312;
their intellectual life in grooves, 313;
illiteracy a source of vacuity, 315;
topics of conversation, 315;
indifference to happenings outside the village, 315, 316;
travelled villagers speedily stagnate, 316.

Li Hung Chang honouring snakes, 169.

Literary chancellor’s duties, 111.

Live-stock fairs, 148.