417

Milan, Archbishop of, on validity of Vatican Council's decrees, 549

Mill, John Stuart, indictment of democracy, 93
on results as tests of actions, 223
on states as coincident with nationalities, 285

Milton, John, his justification of execution of Charles I., 51

Minerve, fate of Albigenses at, 556

Modena, 386

Mohammedans, treatment of, by Catholics, 169;
by Protestants, 179;
their tolerance, 186

Möhler, J.A., 593
influence on Döllinger's views of fixity of national types, 434
publication of Symbolik, 377
on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 149
suggested history of progress of doctrine of, 385
cited on Döllinger's rank as theologian, 379
cited on intercourse with Döllinger, 377
partiality as historian of religious wars, 428
rank of, 430
views of, compared to Döllinger's, 378-9
cited on Luther, 378-9

Möhler and Döllinger in Munich, views at variance, 377-380

Molina, Luis, 380

Molinier, Auguste, on a history of the Inquisition, 551-2
rejection by, of Arnaud's speech at Béziers, 567

Molino, Francesco da, cited on the recall of the Guises, 213

Mommsen, Theodor, cited on political expediency, 222
distinction of pupils of, 419
indifference of the public to, 430

Monarchy—
adulation manifested towards, after the Middle Ages, 48
danger of, 19, 20
and democracy, 64
limitation of powers, aim of modern constitutions, 19
resistance of, among Israelites, justified in later ages, 4
restricted suffrage not always a safeguard of, 2
Absolute—
clergy upholders of, 41
development and destruction of, by the democracy in France, & notes, 279-80
France chief centre of, 48
one of the worst enemies of civil freedom, 300

Monarchs, election and deposition of, divine right of people with respect to, 35
Guelphic and Ghibelline views respecting, 36, 37
subjection of, to public law, 35

Mondoucet, French agent at Brussels, Charles IX.'s letter to, on the proposed Massacre, 117

Moneta, Fra, successor of St. Dominic, 553

Monluc, Bishop of Valenca, dying speech of, its bitterness against Huguenots, 141
on the effect of the Huguenot massacres on Poland, 120
view of, on St. Bartholomew, 107

Monroe, James, President, his term of office "the era of good feeling," 56

Mons, fall of, 103;
Lewis of Nassau at, 105
the garrison devoted to death by Charles IX. and Philip II., 141-2

Montaigne, Michel de, view held by, on Machiavelli's fame, 215

Montalembert, Count de, classed as Ultramontane, 451
influence of, on Döllinger, 400
intercourse unbroken, 463
unacknowledged agreement with Döllinger, 316
and Kirche und Kirchen, views cited, 417;
estimate of that work, 424
in Munich, 398
opposition of, at Vatican Council, 524-5
politics of, 400
and the temporal power of the Papacy, 412

Montalto, Cardinal, alleged dissent of from congratulation on the St. Bartholomew, 140

Montégut, influence on Döllinger, 434

Montesquieu, and his development of Locke's teaching, 54

Montezuma, and Torquemada, resemblance between the gods of, 569

Montferaud, Sieur de, rumoured orders to, as to massacre of Huguenots, 127 note

Montfort and the Albigenses, 556

Montgomery and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 107, 122

Montpensier, Duke of, Huguenot massacres ordered by, in Brittany, 119
unguarded speech by, on coming massacre, 111

Montpezat, Lieutenant of Guienne, and the Bordeaux massacres, 127

Morality, perverted ideas of, prevailing among classic sages, 18
public, how differing from private, 40

Mordenti, cited on Machiavelli, as champion of conscience, 226

More, Sir Thomas, author of the Utopia, 270
idea of renovating society on the principles of self-sacrifice, 58

Mores Catholici, Digby's, 569

Morinus cited, 194
basis of Kliefoth's work in, 381

Morley, John, on equity of history, 219

Mornay, see Duplessis-Mornay

Morris of Exeter, and study of Petavius, 380

Morris, Robert, an American, the suggester of the French wars of speculation and plunder, 578
cited on Hamilton as a leader, 582-3

Morvilliers, Bishop of Orleans, attitude of, to the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 126

Mozley, James, visit of Döllinger to, 403

Muenscher, works of, esteemed by Döllinger, 381

Müller, 282

Munich, Archbishop of (Reisach), brief from the Pope to, denouncing Frohschammer, 481-5
nominated as President of Vatican Council, 501;
death of, before taking seat as, 534

Munich, conference at, Döllinger's declaration to, 312-13
Döllinger at, 386;
lectures in, 375
Frohschammer's work in, 473
Möhler with Döllinger in, 377-80
school of theology at, 398-9, 434

Municipal liberties, vigorous growth in Belgium, 38

Münster (Westphalia), excesses of Anabaptists at, 171

Münzer, Thomas, intolerance of, 171

Muratori, Döllinger's study of, 387
on evangelists, 419
papal biographies by, 559
and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 148

Murder (see also Assassination, Heretics, and Persecution), on plea of religion, attitude to, of Rome, 138, 139, 140, 147

Muretus, 101;
famous speech of, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 130

Muzio, the Decamerone recommended to students by, 215
in favour with Pius V., 214-15
letter from, to Henry III. of France, urging unsparing extirpation of Huguenots, 143
Machiavelli denounced by, to the Inquisition, 214-15

Mylius, view of, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 107


Nantes, city, refusal of, to massacre Huguenots, 119
edict of, revocation of, not approved by Innocent XI., 147;
inconsistency, 170;
remarks on, 260

Napoleon I., causes of his downfall, 281, 284
new power called into existence by, 281
question respecting the durability of his institutions, 238
cited on importance of results, 221
cited on quality of endurance in English nation, 66

Napoleon III., ambition of, 316
and discussion of infallibility doctrine at Vatican Council, 504

Nassau, Lewis of, at Mons, French auxiliaries with, 105

National character, influence of, on events, units of, 557
claims, based on race only, futility of, an instance, 295

Nationality, essay on, 270
auxiliary and substance of present-day revolution, 276
denial of, what it implies, 297
evolution of, three stages in, 284-5;
and definition of, in its final form, 285
idea of, as influencing modern thought greater than that of liberty, 59
modern theory of, greatest advocate of rights of, 297
historical importance of, its two chief causes, 298, 299
how awakened in Europe, 273, 275, 276;
its parentage, 277, 286, 287;
how first seen, 278, 281, 286
mission of, in the world, 300
more absurd and criminal than that of Socialism, 300
political character and value of, discussed, 280 et seq.
a retrograde step in history, 298
rights of, and greatest adversary of, 297
some of its first supporters, 281-2
a subversive theory, 273
summing up of, 287-8
political theory of, in contradiction with the historic nation, 243
the true, 294, 295

Nations, different, in one State, considerations regarding, 289 et seq.

Naudé, basis of his apology for Charles IX., 147

Navarre, Henry, King of, later Henry IV., King of France, 44
marriage of, with Margaret of Valois, opposed by the Popes, 105, 109, 111, 128;
real facts regarding, 131-3;
representations on, of Charles IX. and his mother, 135;
dissolution of, by Paul V., 114
murder of, schemed as a good deed, 139
and the proposed league of Protestant defence, 145

Navarre, Queen of (Margaret of Valois), death of, reckoned on in France, 109, and see Marriage, under Navarre, Henry, King of

Neander, rank of, 421
special gifts of, 555
unconventionally of, 384

Nelson, 592

Netherlands (see also Holland and Low Countries), deposition of Philip II., and establishment of republic, 44
republic of, inaugurated reign of law through freedom of press, 50

Nevers, Duke of (Lewis Gonzaga), high station of, 128
share of, in the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 110;
his "ill-timed generosity" on this occasion, 122;
praises of, by Capilupi, 129

Newman, John Henry, Cardinal, 573, 592, 593
distinction drawn between Pope and Court, 417
Döllinger's early appreciation of, 395;
intercourse with, 402
Napoleon III. not condemned by, 413
theory of development different from Döllinger's, 407-8
cited on papal authority, 423

Nicholas I., 431

Niebuhr, 581;
association of his conservatism with revolutionary ideas of Mazzini, 59
Döllinger's gratitude to, 393

Nimes, Bishop of, on infallibility, 515;
opposed to discussion of, 501

Nimes (city), no Huguenot massacres at, 143

Nippold, rank of Döllinger estimated by, 386

Nourrison cited on Machiavelli's sincerity, 227

Nugent, Count, proclamation by, on Italian independence, 285

Nuremberg, Anabaptists at, 157


Octavius, opposition of Gracchus to, 76

Odescalchi, character of, 433

Œcolampadius, Joannes, opinions of, on Church government, 176-7

Ollivier, opposition of, to French lay representation in Vatican Council, 504

Orange, Prince of (William the Silent), 44
alliance made with, by Charles IX., 105
declaration for (1572), of province of Holland, 103
Huguenot expedition to aid, failure of results, 116, 141
not alienated by Charles IX.'s Huguenot massacres, 120

Origines de la France Contemporaine, 569

Orleans, Bishop of, attitude of, to papal infallibility, 228, 316, 515, 523, 524
at Council of Bishops, 1867., 500
patriotism of (1862), 445
permission refused to, for publication of reply to the Archbishop of Mechlin, 537
promotion of Vatican Council by, 493
unacknowledged agreement with Döllinger, 316
on validity of Vatican Council's decrees, 549
Orleans, city of, horrors of Huguenot massacre at, 124
Orleans dynasty, result of appeal from, in 1848., 590

Orsi, Döllinger's tribute to, 387

Orsini, Cardinal, Legatine mission of, to France, his instructions, 137;
Charles IX.'s representations to him, 138

Oscott, Wiseman's work as President of, 438

Osiander, Andreas, cited on toleration, 157

Ossat, D' 114 & note

Overbeck, on Epistle to Diognetus, 420

Oxford movement, Döllinger told of, by Brewer. 402
Wiseman's influence on, 438


Paderborn, Bishop of, on infallibility of Pope, 518

Paine, Thomas, 585;
citation of, from Rights of Man, on the confusion of political forms with political liberty, 238

Pallavicini, Theiner on, 431

Panhellenism, 284

Panigarola, panegyric by, on Charles IX., 125

Panslavism, rise of, 284

Papacy, the, acknowledgment of small principalities of Italy, 355
based on organic development, 321-4
and the Byzantine Empire, 353
extraordinary notions of Godwin Smith on the, 267
future of, 367-70
government of, reform in, 363-5
reform of, attempted by Pius IX., Döllinger on, 365
removal to France, a challenge to schism, 370
temporal power of, see Temporal power

Papal Legations rescued from Austria at the Congress of Vienna, 283
See, confusion between direct and indirect authority of, 256
struggle with the Franciscans, 552

Papinian, cited on political progress, 79

Paramo, 428

Paris, attitude hostile to the Huguenots, 116, 117
attitude after the murder of Coligny and Massacre of St. Bartholomew in, 106, 126, and see both heads
France governed by, during revolution of 1789, 88
Mendoça's praise of its Catholic inhabitants, 124
Archbishop of, cardinals hat refused for, by Pius IX., 526
career of, 526
character of, 326
French representation on Vatican Council urged by, 505
on Papal infallibility, 532
on validity of Vatican Council's decrees, 549
university of, and the Inquisition, 570

Paris, Matthew, Lea's authorities on, 558

Parliamentary corruption in America, past and present, 578
government, primitive republicanism the germ of, 32

Parma, centre of historical work, 387
(1862) nationality in, 292

Partition of Poland, see under Poland

Pascal, Blaise, advocate of passive obedience to kings, 48
cited on varying standards of right and wrong, 220

Passaglia, fame of, 413
on papal liberty, 313
reputation of, 502

Passive obedience to the State, doctrine upheld by theologians and philosophers, 47, 48
taught by Luther, 156, 161, 180;
asserted by Calvin, 180-81

Patrie, French newspaper, criticism by, of Wiseman's address at Rome, 439, 443, 444, 445;
his reply, 439

Paul, Father, 432

Paul III., Pope (Cardinal Farnese), hatred of the Medici family, 214;
letter from Sadolet, praising the extermination of the Vaudois, 217

Paul V., Pope (Borghese), aware of premeditated Huguenot massacre, 114

Peace of St. Germains, as affecting French Huguenots, 105;
alarmist views on, held by Salvati, 110

Peasants' war, the, in Germany, attitude of Luther towards, 155, 156 & note, 162

Pegna, Arragonese origin of, 558, 560
character of works of, 428

Pellevé, Cardinal, Archbishop of Sens, on the premeditation of a massacre of Huguenots, 111

Peloponnesian war, influence of, on Athens, 69

Penn, William, 410;
follower of doctrine of toleration, 84

Pennaforte, home of St. Raymond, 556

Pennsylvania, democratic constitution of, 84

People, see also Democracy and Will of the People
sovereignty of, idea of parent of idea of Nationality, 277
wishes, etc., of, as criterion of right, teaching on, of the French Revolution as to, 271

Percin, authority on the Inquisition, 554
German ignorance of, 428

Peresius, on Bible inspiration, 514

Perez, Antonio, accusation by, of Philip II. of Spain, 104

Pericles and democracy, 9, 68
effort to prevent predominance of any particular interest in politics, 10

Perronne, on biblical critics, 514
on commission of preparation for Vatican Council, 500
hostility to Passaglia, 413
rank of, 417

Persecution, attitude to, of Marsilius, 562
by Catholics, principles of, 168-170, 186
by heathen Rome, justified on political grounds, 186
mediæval, justification of, 254
method of escaping from imposition of religious disabilities, 250
natural stage in the progress of society, 250
Protestant theory of, 150;
the book by H.C. Lea, review, inadequate as history of, 574
reasons for and against, as a political principle, 252
some noted supporters of, 570
Spain and Sweden contrasted, 170
two propositions regarding, 572-3

Persian wars, influence of, 67

Persians, makers of history, 240

Petavius (s.j.) and the idea of development in religion, 591, 592
Döllinger's early study of, 379
Döllinger's gratitude to, 393
Morris of Exeter advised to read, 380

Peter Martyr, death of Servetus approved by, 185

Petrucci, communications of, forecasting the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 109
mysticism of, 376

Philip II., king of Spain, aid of, essential to crush French Huguenots, 104
the St. Bartholomew massacre urged by, 116-17
orders from, for slaughter of Alva's Huguenot prisoners, 142
revolt against, of the Netherlands, 44

Philo of Alexandria, Lucius's attacks on, 420
on customs of the Essenes, 26

Philosophers, doctrine of passive obedience, upheld by, 48
schemes of, for ideal societies, why never realised, 270-71

Piatti, apologist of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 148

Piedmontese government and the Papacy, 368-9

Pilgrim fathers, belief of, not influencing the American revolution, 584-5

Pistoja, on treatment of heretics in Rome under Pius V., 138

Pitra, influence of, in France, 404

Pius IV., Pope, Bull Multiplices inter, published by, 520-25

Pius V., Pope, blessing given by, to war against Huguenots, 141
denunciatory letter from, to court of France, 110
patron of Muzio, 214-15
previous information of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew supplied to, 130-31
strong anti-Protestant views of, 138-9
on the peace of St. Germains, 105

Pius VII., Pope, destruction of church of France by, 323
influence on Döllinger, 402
cited on Papal authority, 323

Pius IX., Pope, alarm of dissenting bishops allayed by, 519
Archbishop of Paris rebuked by, 526
brief of, to the Archbishop of Munich, censuring Frohschammer, 481-5
character of, described by Döllinger, 365-6