James II., King of England, 54, 410
overthrow imperative, 468

Janus, 519;
book on Ultramontane ideal, 511, 513

Jefferson, Thomas, President, U.S.A., 579
irreligion of, 585

Jesuit attitude to the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 1, 127, 147, 148

Jesuits, the, and infallibility, 498
and preparations for Vatican Council, 497-98

Jews, see also Israelites
treatment of, by Catholics, 169;
and by Protestants, 164, 179

Joachim, Abbot, and his work, 560

Joan of Arc, 552;
authorities on, not consulted by Lea, 558

John Of Salisbury, 45;
reputed author of the Historia Pontificalis, 559

Joubert, on authority of the Church, 463

Judæ, Leo, views of, as to persecution, 174

Julian, apostate, reasons for persecution by, 196

Julius Cæsar, conversion by, of Roman republic into monarchy, 15

Jürgens, his estimate of Luther, 161

Justification by faith, dogma of, as test of orthodoxy, 158

Justin, summit reached by, 406

Justinian, code of, greatest obstacle to liberty next to feudalism, 79
on the absolute authority of the Roman Emperor, 31


Kolde, effect of works of, 408

Kampschulte, effect of works of, 408

Kant, Immanuel, 594

Kaulbach, pictorial ridicule of Döllinger's Reformation, 411

Kenrick, on Papal infallibility, 540, 544

Ketteler, W.E. von, Döllinger's lectures praised by, 381
on Papal infallibility, 540, 544

Kings, status of, in England, Canning on, 583-84

Kirchmann on political ethics, 222
cited on the adoption of Machiavelli's policy, 227-28

Klein. J.L., cited on Machiavelli's moral purpose, 229

Kleutgen, garbled version of Strossmayer's protest, 542

Kliefoth, influence on Döllinger, 389
work on penitential system, 381

Knowledge, growth of, freedom of, in the Church, 461

Knox, John, 44
"Monstrous Regiment of Women," 45


Laboulaye, indictment against democracy, 93

Labour, supremacy of English nation in art of, 60

Lacordaire, Henry, advice of, ignored by Montalembert, 400
cited on political honesty, 220
Döllinger antagonistic to, 401
on St. Dominic, 428

Lafayette, 590

La Farina, tribute to Machiavelli, 226

Lamennais and the Church, condemnation and fall, and cause of the latter, 398, 465, 466-73
conflict with Rome, 462-473
classed as Ultramontane, 451
endeavours of, to exalt Rome, 463-4
intercourse of, with Döllinger, 398
and the idea of development, 591, 593
theory of common sense, 593

Land question, the great difficulty in Ireland, 236

Languedoc, work in, of St. Dominic, 553

Lanza, 509

La Roche-sur-Yon, on the resolutions of the conference of Bayonne, 108 & notes

Larroque, Tamizey de, rejection by, of Arnaud's speech at Beziers, 567

Lasaulx, Ernst von, estimation of, 405

Lassalle, Ferdinand, on collective thought, 585

Laurent, 590;
Döllinger's praise of, 417
cited on Machiavelli's doctrines, followed by detractors, 226

Laval, Bishop of, opposition of, at Vatican Council, 522

Lavradeo, Count de, Portuguese ambassador to Vatican Council, 507

Lavaur, fate of Albigenses at, 556

Law, custom and national qualities, not will of government, makers of, 58
mediæval opinions on, 258
in relation to the will of the people, Vergniaud on, 276

Laws (see also Legal system), divine origin of, 22
of realm, Socratic view that they were only sure guide of conduct, 18
view of Ghibelline writers respecting, 37
view of Guelph writers respecting, 36

Lay representation on Vatican Council, plans for, 503-8

Lea, Henry Charles, A History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages, review, 551
characteristics of, 555, 559, passim;
as historical writer, 551

League, the, Charles IX.'s refusal to join, 129

League, Holy, attempts to bring France into, 113

Le Blanc de Beaulieu on political expediency, 225

Lecoy de la Marche, collection, 559

Lee, murder of, note on, 65

Legal system, English, pioneer work in reform of, of Jeremy Bentham, 3

'Leges Barbarorum,' principle of, in respect to the Church, 244

Legislation, liberty independent of domain of, 2

Legitimate ruler, defence of, first cause of popular risings, 1813., 284

Leibniz, Döllinger's gratitude to, 393
on Il Principe, 228
influence of, on Döllinger, 381

Leo I., Pope, and the suppression of heresy at any cost, 571

Leo X. (Medici), Pope, character of, 378
treatment of tyrant of Perugia, 214

Leo XIII., Pope, literary fruits of his liberality, 573-4

Leopold, 401

Lepanto, naval battle of, 104;
effect foiled by Charles IX., 105
victory of, less dear to the Pope than the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 134

Leti, cited, 140

Lewis XII., king of France, extermination of Vaudois of Provence by, 217

Lewis XIII., king of France, Döllinger's lenient estimate of, 410

Lewis XIV., king of France, death penalty by, indicted for disobedience to his will, 48
Döllinger's lectures on, 433
ordinance against Protestants, 50
as political assassin, 410
records of reign of, 409
secret treaty between, and Charles II., 53
supreme among tyrants for bad use of his power, 49;
adulation bestowed on him sign of national subjection to absolutism, 49

L'Hôpital, 126

Liberal movement in Latin Europe, its objects, 280-81

Liberalism, European, 582-3

Liberals, eighteenth century, their care only for the individual, 273
of the French Restoration, limitations of, 282

Liberty (see also Freedom), change in constitution not effected by, in Italy and Germany, 225
definition of, 3
and democracy, 63
essential condition and guardian of, religion, 4
essential to the subsistence of a country, Rousseau on, 294
failure of Protestant systems to secure, 181
influences of Christianity on, 203
Luther's attitude to, 156
and property, connection between, 54
realisation of, on what depended, 288
reconciled to religion, dispute concerning, 467-9
theory of, as regards nationality, 289
religion and nationality, causes united in revolutions after 1815., 284
sacrificed to unity, by Machiavelli, 229
views on, of Hegel, and of Flint, 596
vulgar definition of, 580

Liberty, American, Judge Cooley on, 580
civil and religious, point of unison between, 151
English, adversary of old despotic policy, 276
English, adversary of former despotic power, 276
municipal, vigorous growth of, in Belgium, 38
religious, definition of, 151-2
effect on, of State control, 151-3
in Maryland, 187
necessary conditions of, 152-3
not impossible, 367

Liddon, Canon, intimacy with Döllinger, 416

Liebig, 377

Lightfoot (Bishop of Durham), Church history of, 418

Lilburne, political writer in advance of his time, 50;
his enlightened ideas on democracy, 83

Limborch, 563

Lipsius, R.A., study of Machiavelli by, 215

Lisle, Ambrose de, 423

Littré, 590

Locke, John, 54
doctrine of resistance, 54
inconsistent ideas regarding liberty, 53
on rules of morality, 221

Lombard law of Frederick II., as affecting heretics, 152, 555, 556

Lombardy, the heresy of (Waldensian), 559
work of St. Dominic in, 553

Longpérier, cited, on Italy's adoption of Machiavelli's policy, 227

Lorraine, Cardinal of (Guise), on Anjou's hatred of Protestants and its consequences, 105 & note
approval expressed by, of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 140
high position of, 111;
on his initiative in the Huguenot massacre, his praise of Charles IX., 112 & note;
complicity of, in the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 129-30
quarrels with, of Ferralz, 129;
its reason, the Pope's attitude to him, 130
on the price of the Navarre marriage, 128
slain by Henry III., attitude of the Pope, 121

Louis XVI., king of France, policy of, 57
powerlessness of, to effect reform, 85
why he perished, 280

Louis Philippe, king of the French, his good opinion of republican government, 56, 90
decline of his popularity, 92

Love of country, Bossuet on, 294 note

Low Countries (see also Holland and Netherlands), Alva's failure in, 103

Loyola, Ignatius, founder of the Society of Jesus, 113

Luca, Cardinal de, proposed discussion of infallibility at Vatican Council denied by, 518
Reisach's deputy as president, 534

Lucchesini, sermon against Machiavelli, 215

Lucius, attack of, on Philo, 419

Luther, Martin, 502
attitude of, to the marriage difficulties of Henry VIII., 160
and the bigamy of Philip of Hesse, 160
Döllinger's estimate of, 397
early utterances of, on toleration, 153-5;
his change of view, 155
influence of, on politics, 81
Möhler on, 378
persecuting principles involved in his system, 164, 590
teaching of, wherein differing from that of Wycliffe and of Hus, 271
views of, on government, 42;
on polygamy, 159, 162;
on the relations of Church and Slate, 156, 157-58, 161-63, 173, 177, 180;
logical outcome of his theory, 159;
its inconsistency, 162;
work of, on the Civil Power, 154 & note;
cited on toleration of Anabaptists, 157

Lutheran attitude to heretics, gradual change in, 154, 157
to Huguenots, 145-6
theory of persecution, political element in, 172

Lutheranism, decline of, 327-9
in Denmark, 341
description of, 343-5
national character of, 319-320
roused by abuses in the Church, 495
in Sweden, 341

Lyons, massacre of Huguenots at, 119;
news of, sent to Rome, 132;
horror aroused by, in Provence, 144;
letter from, on the massacres at that place, 131


Macaulay, T.B., 580
historical limitation of, 385
injustice of Döllinger to, 391-2
opinion of, on Father Paul, 432
on the study of history, 232

Machiavelli, Niccolo (see also Il Principe), character of, 225-6;
its complexity, 212-14
crime of Catherine de' Medici not instigated by, 216
denouncement of, to Inquisition, by Muzio, 214-15
doctrine of, 40, 41;
impulse given by, to absolutism, 41
influence on succeeding generations, 40, 41;
political, 49;
held by rulers before and since, 216-19;
estimated by early historians, 225-231
ignorance of, displayed by great men, 218-19
indulgent views taken of methods of, 224
Medici patron and his daughter, 122
merits of, admitted by later historians, 230-231
methods of, 225-6
secret patriotism of, upheld by various historians, 229-230
in touch with reasoners and imitators, by theory of success, 223
zenith of power, 225-7

Mackintosh, Sir James, on constitutions, 581

Macmaster, on Hamilton's genius, 581

Madison, James, 579
on Hamilton's theory of government, 581

Maffei, on regicide, 217

Magdeburg, Archbishop of, temp. Gregory IX., 556

Mai, Cardinal, as an editor, 421

Maimbourg, 215

Maine, Sir Henry, on the Droit du Seigneur, 566-7

Maistre, Count de, Ultramontane writer, 451, 468;
on the authority of the Church, 377
and Lamennais's theory, 593
relation to Savigny, 593
exaggerations of, 378
influence on Döllinger, 377
interpreted by elder Windischmann, 381
rank of, as writer, 417
thoughts of, on Nationality, 282 & note

Malebranche, 382

Malvenda, authority on the Inquisition, 554

Mamachi, authority on the Inquisition, 554

Mandelot, Governor of Lyons, and the Huguenot massacres, 119

Manin, Daniele, 287

Manning, Cardinal, Archbishop of Westminster, adviser of De Angelis, 529
on admission of papal infallibility by acknowledgment of supreme authority, 543-4

Manteuffel, administration of, 283

Manzoni on temporal power of Papacy, 512

Marat, madness of, 401
outcome of Rousseau's teaching on his policy, 57, 58

Maret, book of, on Vatican Council plans, 512, 513
opposition of, at Vatican Council, 426
and papal infallibility, 528

Mariana, rejoicing of, over the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 124
cited on death of Henry III., 217

Marini, as a compiler of history, 387
occasional removal of, from Index, 215

Marlborough, Duke of (the Great), character of, 53

Marseilles, Bishop of, on validity of Vatican Council's decrees, 549

Marsilius of Padua, the Ghibelline,
views of, on power and persecution, 561-2
cited on the relation of kings to the people, 37

Marshall, John, 579;
and the development of the American Constitution, 581

Martens, 427

Martensen, Bishop, estimate of Döllinger, 434
tribute to Baader's powers, 376

Martineau, Dr., and Mill's opinion of results as test of actions, 223

Mary Tudor, Queen of England, 410

Maryland, religious history of, 187

Massachusetts, history of, contrasted with that of Maryland, 187

Massacre, the, of St. Bartholomew, 101
defects in plan and execution of, as judged by immediate results, 106;
sources of the same, 117
defence of, on political grounds, 218
Döllinger's work on, 430-31
evidence concerning, how dealt with, difficult of access, 101;
best existing sources, 102
motive inspiring its chief author, 121
question of numbers slain in, 106, 137
question of premeditation of, contemporary view, 106;
modern view, 107;
evidence in support of the former, 107 et seq.
results anticipated from, 69;
Philip II., 123;
view not stated by Alva, 124

Massillon, Jean-Baptiste, cited on retribution, 220

Mathieu, Cardinal, share in elections to Commission of Dogma, 529, 530, 532

Matter, cited on Machiavelli's influence on liberty, 227

Maurenbrecher, rank of Döllinger estimated by, 386

Maurer, Conrad, at Döllinger's house, 405

Maximillian II., Emperor, information sent to, of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 107
opinion of, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 144
toleration of, 105
urged to follow example of Charles IX., 134 & note

May, Sir Erskine, Democracy in Europe, by, 61

Mazade, influence on Döllinger, 434

Mazzini, Giuseppe, association of, with the growth of the idea of Nationality, 286
association of his revolutionary ideas with conservatism of Niebuhr, 59
on Machiavelli's politics, 219
proclaimer of Nationality, 273
profane criticism by, 218

Mazzuchelli, 114

Mechlin, Archbishop of, reply to the Bishop of Orleans by, 537

Medici, Cosmo de', patron of Machiavelli, father of Catherine, 122
family of, in disfavour under Paul III., 214
Machiavelli not countenanced by followers of, 214

Mediæval writers on law and right, 258

Melanchthon, Philip, his theory of persecution, 164-170
views of, on polygamy, and the bigamy of Philip of Hesse, 160 & note
on religious assassination, 325
cited on Cromwell's death, 217

Memorandum of the Powers, 183;
on temporal power, 366

Menabrea, circular of, on representation of Vatican Council, 509

Mendoça, praise of those concerned in the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 124

Mentz, Bishop of, belief in infallibility doctrine, 518

Mérode, 414

Metternich, Prince, 283;
attitude of, to Nationality, 285

Metz, Bishop of, repudiation of Döllinger's declaration, 538

Mexico, nationality in, 245-46

Meyer, Paul, on the Council of Arles, 565

Michelet, Jules, Flint compared to, 596
cited on human action as interpreter of God's commands, 223
on Machiavelli, 213
influence on Döllinger, 433
Döllinger's study of, 421

Michiel, Giovanni, Venetian ambassador, 109;
on premeditation of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 110

Middle Ages, authority of State inadequate in, 4
decline of religion in, 595
history of, reason for its unity, 244
political advances in, 39
persecution in, 152, 168
revival of study of, 390-91

Middle Ages, The, A History of the Inquisition of, by Henry Charles Lea, review, 551

Mignet, Döllinger's praise of,