French Republic of 1848, of what school the triumph, 590

French Revolution, see Revolution, French

Frohschammer, 473-7
conflict with Rome, 462, 467, 469, 473-483

Fulcodius, Cardinal, see Clement IV.

Fulda, council of bishops at, 517

Funds of the Church, proposed disposal of, in Italy, 509


Gallicanism, corruption of Christianity, 463, 524
Lamennais's crusade against, 464
theory of, on reigning houses in France, 35

Gams, 429; defender of the Inquisition, 573

Ganganelli, Cardinal, influence of, on Döllinger, 434

Gaspary, cited on Machiavelli's loyalty, 230

Gass, on St. Anthony's life and origin of monasticism, 420

Gaul, Roman, tolerance in, of absolutism, 279

Gazette de France and universal suffrage, 590

Geneva, trial of Servetus at, 184

Genlis, Huguenot commander, defeat of, the consequences to Coligny, 116, 117, 141

Genoa, extinction of, as State, 283

Gentz cited on Machiavelli's policy, 229

George III., King of England, 583

George IV., King of England, 583

German, or Teutonic, conquest of Europe, its consequences, 277 et seq.
writers, as influencing Döllinger, 389

Germany, effect on, of the massacre of St. Bartholomew, 124, 143
Protestantism in (1572), 103
theology of, unique and scientific, 317, 347-351, 376, 471-482
union of, 225
and the Vatican Council—
circular of German bishops to, 517
opposition in, 503;
and to Infallibility, 500;
representation of, 505

Gerson, 562; cited, 191

Gervinus, G.G.. on Machiavelli as prophet of modern politics, 229

Ghibellines, political theory of, 37

Gibbon, Edward, 389

Gieseler, Döllinger's dislike of, 389, and estimate of, 404

Ginoulhiac, on Papal Infallibility, 540
on Strossmayer's influence, 536

Gioberti, followers of, 314
metaphysics of, Döllinger's love for, 381

Girondists, objects of, 263

Gladstone, W.E., Acton's admiration for, xxiii;
and Döllinger, letter to, on the Irish question, 434;
estimate of historical judgment and style, 416;
intercourse of, 400
policy of, feared in Rome, 507

Glencoe, massacre of, 218, 410

Gneist, 377

Gonzaga, Lewis, see Nevers

Görres, Joseph, 282, 405
centre of Munich group of theologians, 386

Göttingen, 378;
seminary pupils of, methods of, 561

Government, authority of, defined by Divine sanction of Christ, 29
Catholic view of, 260
chief duty of, to maintain political right, 449
American, Judge Cooley on, 580

Gracchus, opposition to Octavius, 76

Grant, General Ulysses, 579

Granvelle, Cardinal, Viceroy of Naples, on the massacre of St. Bartholomew, 125, 140;
on Alva's prisoners, 142

Gratian, 557

Gratry, letters of, to the Archbishop of Mechlin, on divisions in the Church, 537-8
on the Inquisition, 424
tribute from, to Döllinger, 424
cited on Veuillot's school, 429

Greece, national beliefs yielding to doubt during age of Pericles, 8, 9
politics of, infused into minds of Roman statesmen, 16

Greek Church, development of, 332-3
revolution, causes united in, 284

Greeks, democracy of, 66
as makers of history, 240
slavery discouraged by, 63

Gregory VII., Pope, deception of, by hierarchical fictions, 420
and democracy, 80
his disparagement of civil authorities, 36

Gregory IX., Pope, 430
appointed Guala as first Inquisitor, 553
Lea's view of, as intellectual originator of the Inquisition, 555, 557

Gregory X., Pope, and the Inquisition, 426

Gregory XIII., Pope, 430
and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew—
Bull of, on, 101, 134
complicity of, discussed, 128
fate of his letters to France, 101
previous knowledge of, 110, 116
receipt of the news by, his public and private attitude, and his reply, 132-5, 137
urges full and complete extirpation of Huguenots, 142
conduct as viewed by French and by Italians, 148
reply, 137
undue hatred of, consequent on his attitude to the matter, 138
and the Navarre marriage, his steady opposition, 105, 111, 113, 128
on destruction as result of sedition, 216

Gregory XVI., Pope, personal fallibility of, admitted, and denounced by Lamennais, 465, 466

Grenoble, Bishop of, doctrine of Papal Infallibility admitted by, 528
excluded from Commission on Dogma, 530
on dogmatic decrees of the Vatican Council, 533

Grey, Lord, 219

Grotius, 432;
days of, 225
founder of study of real political science, 46
on the principles of law, 46

Guala, Bishop of Brescia, successor of Moneta and St. Dominic, 553
and the burning of heretics. 555-6

Guelphs, political theory of, 36

Guicciardini, Francesco, abridged by Trent Commissioners, 215

Guidonis, Bernardus, frequently cited by Lea, 568
leading authority of the fourteenth century, 559
Practitia of, 558
protests of, on Clement V.'s decree on privilege of Inquisitors, 566

Guise, Duke of, initiative of, in the massacre of St. Bartholomew, 112
recalled to France, 213
slain by Henry III. of France, 121

Guise, House of, 112, 118

Guizot, 400
on the eighteenth century, 585
on Hamilton's work The Federalist, 581
on importance, to all denominations, of the Vatican Council, 493
wisdom of, 401

Günther, 473

Gurney, Archer, alarm of, at Döllinger's views, 382

Guyon on the murder of heretics, 147


Habeas Corpus Act, principle originated in Middle Ages, 39

Habsburg family, contests of, 274

Halifax Archbishop of (Conolly), on the dogmatic decree, 533
opposition of, at Vatican Council, 522
on Scriptural authority, 547

Halifax, George Savile, Lord, 53

Hallam, Henry, favourable comparison of theory of Il Principe with other political theories, 224

Hamilton, Alexander, eulogised, 581-3
history, treatment of philosophy, 380
political example of, 586
views of, as cited by Bryce, 578

Harnack, estimate of Döllinger, 434

Harrington, political writer in advance of his time, 51

Hartwig, 230

Hase, Prof. K., cited on political expediency, view of, on importance of Vatican Council to all denominations, 493

Hauréau, Histoire Littéraire by, divergence from, of Lea, 558, 563

Havet, 555

Haynald, Archbishop of Colocza, at Council of Bishops, 1867, 499

Hefele, defender of the Inquisition, 573
estimate by, of Döllinger, 434
on Papal Infallibility, 540, 544
on validity of dicta of Vatican Council, 548

Hegel, Carl, friend of Döllinger, 420

Hegel, G.W.F., 589, 590
definition by, of universal history, 224
as enemy of religion, Döllinger's disparaging view of, 376, 381
master of Cousin, 589
posthumous work of, 385
view of, on Development of Liberty, 596

Henry III., King of France (see also Anjou. Duke of), 44, 580
Döllinger's lenient estimate of, 410
hopes of his destroying the Huguenots root and branch, 142;
urged on him by Muzio, 143
and the murder of the Guises, 121, 213
reliance of, on Il Principe, 215

Henry IV., King of France, see Navarre, King of

Heraclitus, of Ephesus, on the supremacy of reason and divine origin of laws, 21, 22

Herbert, cited to show Machiavelli's sacrifice to unity, 229

Herder, J.G., 375
on Il Principe, 228

Heresy (see also Intolerance, Persecution, and Toleration), books on, definition of, by the Archbishop of Cologne, 531
Calvin's views on punishment, 181;
its famous refutation, 182
causes of, in Frohschammer, 481
dependent on the State, 317
laws of Frederic II. on, 152, 555
punishable by death, doctrine of the Church, 216-19
methods of dealing with the Reformers cited on, 154, 157, 163-164, 166, 167, 175, 181, 183

Heretics, attitude towards, of St. Dominic, 554
Catholic theory on the proper way to deal with, 569;
discredit incurred from, 140-41
a prominent dissentient, 144
divisions among, 103
first proscribed in Aragon, 557-58
murder of, Guyon on, 147

Hermann, reliance of Döllinger on authority of, 403

Hermas, 406

Hermes and followers denied the power of the Index, 473

Hesse, Landgrave of, bigamy of, why condoned by Luther, 160 & note

Hindoos, stationary national character of, 241

Historians, qualities of, revealed by use made of their authorities, 235
scientific, method of, how differing from that of artist and annalist, 233

Historical Philosophy in France and French Belgium and Switzerland, by Robert Flint, review, 588

History, deductions of, Döllinger's theory, 389-92;
not drawn from moral standards, 219-21
Döllinger's work in, 375-435
equity of, deductions drawn from action, 219
God seen in, 594
no conscience in, Hartwig's opinion of, 230
teaching of, Döllinger's desertion of theology for, 379-83
theory of, Döllinger's view, 385

History, A, of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages, by Henry Charles Lea, review, 551

Hobbes, Thomas, advocate of passive obedience to kings, 48
and Machiavelli's policy, 228

Höfler, 434

Hogendorp, on the American Revolution and the decline of religion in America (circ. 1784), 584

Hohenlohe, Prince, defeat of his policy, 511
defeated by Ultramontanes, 505
Döllinger secretary to, 385
opposed to discussion of Infallibility at Vatican Council, 503-4

Hohenzollern, house of, contests of Silesia with, 275

Holland, see also Low Countries and Netherlands, declares for the Prince of Orange, 103
republican, an exception to common law of dynastic states, 274

Holst on Hamilton's genius, 581
Verfassungsgeschichte, by, 577

Holy Alliance, originated by Baader, 377;
the devotion of, to absolutist interests, 282;
and to suppression of the revolution and national spirit, 283

Home and Foreign Review, The, action concerning, of Wiseman, 439-40;
deprecated, 440 et seq.;
his complaints investigated, 442-43;
and replied to, 443-44;
how Wiseman came to misconceive the words of the Review, 444 et seq.;
position on which the Review was founded, 447, 457;
sphere of such a publication delimited, 448-56;
topics excluded from its purview, 457;
its aid to religion indirect but valuable, 459;
attitude of, on supreme authority of the Church, 482-91

Honorius III., Pope, characterisation by, of Gregory IX., 556
the Inquisition extant under, 554
and the Lombard law for burning heretics, 556

Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity, 45

Hosius, Cardinal, opposition of, to Beza, concerning the Polish Socinians, 146

Hötzl, Father, support of Döllinger, 545

House of Commons, the, and the Inquisition, 570

Huguenots, expulsion of from Switzerland, 125
massacres of, in Paris and the provinces, 106, and see Massacre of St. Bartholomew passim
position of, in 1572, and apparent prospects, 102
views of, on the massacres of co-religionists, 145-46

Humboldt, W. von, 282

Hume, David, 54;
cited on Il Principe, 218

Hungary, Church constitution of 1869., 510
growing autonomy of, 526

Huns, stationary national character of, 241

Hus, John, difference between his teaching and Luther's, 271
trial of, 552, 570;
a test case, 572;
Lea's puzzling views on, 573


Ideals, energy evoked by, why greater than in case of rational ends, 272
usefulness of, 272;
how limited, 273

Ideas, abstract, more powerful than practical, views on cited, 585

Il Principe (Machiavelli's), dedication of, 215
Nourrisson's praise of, 227
Pole's attention called to, 214
publication of, 214;
interpretation of, by all later history, 213;
known to Pole and Cromwell, 214
various criticisms of, 218

Immaculate Conception, doctrine of, Archbishop of St. Louis on, 545

Income Tax, known in Middle Ages, 39

Independent congregations, advocacy of toleration by, 52

Index, the Church's instrument of preventing scandal by literature, 469-471
institution and origin of, 215, 495
permanent exclusion of Il Principe by, 215
power of, in Germany, 473
reform of, urged on and effected by the Vatican Council, 495, 525, 531
sanction of, 544

Indifference, religious, of educated Protestants, 350-51

Indulgences granted by Pius V., in connection with war against the heretics, 141

Infallibility, Papal—
attitude to, of Lamennais, 462-4, 465, 466
Bavarian warning against adoption of, by Vatican Council, 511
Civiltà Cattolica on, 500-501
continental discussions on, 518
debate on, at Vatican Council, 532-549
declaration of, urged on Vatican Council, 499
definition of, not to be made, by Vatican Council, 518
discussion and definition of, by Vatican Council, 525-49
doctrine of the Jesuits, 498;
establishment of, Vatican Council, 499
opinions in England, on discussion of, at Vatican Council, 507
opposition to, 502-4
origin of doctrine of, 513-515
to be presented at Vatican Council, 500-501
proposed by Cardoni at commission of preparation for Vatican Council, 500

Infidelity, growth of, due to intolerance, 256

Innocent III., commonly reported as founder of the Inquisition, 553;
intolerance of, 431
treatment of heretics, 568

Innocent IV., Pope, cited, 206

Innocent X., Pope, protest against Peace of Westphalia, 324-25

Innocent XI., Döllinger's proposed history of, 433

Innocent XI., Pope, and the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, 147

Inquisition, the, earlier and later, distinction between aims and characteristics of, 552
Lea's view on, 568
Machiavelli denounced to, 214-15
never admitted into England, 59
origin of, controversy on, 553
period of its activity and decline, 574
problem of, 570
sanction of, 544
in Spain, 152
supporters of, 570
tribunal of, appropriation by Spanish kings leading to absolute monarchy, 41
at Vienna, 184
writers defending, 573
Inquisition, The, of the Middle Ages, A History of, by Henry Charles Lea, review, 551

Institutes, Calvin's, on Toleration, 182

Insurrections previous to 1789, wherein differing from the French Revolution, 271

Intellectual offices of the Church not exclusively hers, 448-9

International league of nations founded by Mazzini, 286

Intolerance carried to an extreme by the Anabaptists, 172
Catholic and Protestant, distinguished, 165, 168-70, 186-7
cause of growth of infidelity, 256
inherent in the Mediæval Church, Leas view, 571
motive and principle of, when justifiable, 251
of Reformers, 184
as a rule of life, Lea's view on, 562-3

Ireland, Church in, Goldwin Smith's views on, 259
Celtic race in, yielding to higher political aptitude of the English, 242
failure of Reformation in, 43
history of, comparative method of, study of, 234
land question, the great difficulty in, 236
question of, Döllinger's views on, 434
religious disabilities in, an engine of political oppression, 253
and Ultramontanism at Vatican Council, 507

Irish agitation, causes united in, 284

Israelites, democracy of the, 65
government of, exhibiting principle upon which freedom has been won, 4, 5
a federation held together by faith and race, 4
resistance of monarchy among, by prophet Samuel, 4

Italian States (1862), nationality in, 295

Italy, Austrian rule in, error of, 285
effect on, of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 124, 143
literature of, influence on Döllinger, 386-7
policy of, under Machiavelli and before, use of assassination, 213
politics of, influenced by Vatican Council, 508-511
reliance in, on Machiavelli, 226
Machiavelli's triumph, 225, 266
temporal power of papacy in, 355-62, 367-71
wisdom of Huguenot massacres confessed, 125

Ivan the Terrible. Czar of Muscovy, protests of, on the St. Bartholomew, 144


Jackson, Andrew, American President, 578

Jacobins, policy of, criticism of, 261