266

Darboy, Archbishop, on Papal Infallibility, 547
opposition of, at Vatican Council, 522

Daru, revival by, of Hohenlohe's policy, 511

Darwin, Charles, estimate of Carlyle, 223

Deàk on Hungarian administration, 510

Decree, the first, issued to Vatican Council, 531;
withdrawn, 535

Defoe, Daniel, on want of principle among contemporary politicians, 53

"De Haereticis," tract on toleration, 182

Delbrück, criticism of Macaulay's power of historical deduction, 385

Delicieux, fall of, conclusions on, of Lea, 563, 564

Democracy (see also Will of the People), alliance of, with despotism, 238
alliance of, with socialism baneful, 92, 93, 98
attitude to, of Aristotle, 71, 72
and Catholic Legitimists, link between, 590
curbing of, by ancient constitutions, 19
definition and tendencies of, 62
enlightened ideas of Lilburne on, 83
essence of, 7
federalism most effective check on, 98
in fourteenth century, 80
government by, danger of, 20
a great, in relation to self-government, 277
modern mistakes in true conception of, 93, 94
in Pennsylvania, 84
pervading evil of, 97
political writers against, 93
Presbyterianism and, 81, 82
present aim, 95
principles of, advocated by Pericles, 9
progress of, in Europe, 85
revival of, to what due, 80
ancient, partial solution of, by popular government, 79
Athenian, tyranny manifested by, 12
Swiss, 90

Democracy in Europe, by Sir Erskine May, 61

Democratic method of Socrates, 71
principle, triumph of, in France, results of, 287

Denifle, Father, 574

Denmark, religion in, Döllinger on, 340-31

Derby, Lord, cited, 189

Descartes, advocate of passive obedience to kings, 48

Despotic spirit, old, its two adversaries, 276

Despotism after peace of Westphalia, 325
alliance of democracy with, 238
emancipation of mankind from, to what due, 24, 25
overpowering strength of, the doom of classical civilisation, 27
product of civilisation, 5, 6
see also Absolutism

Development, see also Progress
and its earlier supporters, 592
Flint on, topic discussed, 591, 592

Diocletian's persecution of the Christians due to attempt to transform Roman government into despotism of Eastern type, 30, 31

Dispensation, the, for the Navarre marriage long withheld, 128 & note;
price, assumed, for, ib.;
never granted, 131-2;
Charles IX.'s hope regarding, 133

Divine right of freeholders established by Revolution of 1688., 54
of kings, principle of, led to advocacy of passive obedience, 47
of the people, 36, see also Will of the People with respect to election of monarch, 35

Divine order in the world, establishment of, 189

Djakovar, Bishop of, on validity of Vatican Council's decrees, 549

Doctrine, danger from, motive for religious persecution in pagan and mediæval times, 251

Dogma, Commission on, at Vatican Council, election and proceedings of, 529-31

Dolcino, two versions of the story of, 555, 568

Döllinger, Dr. J.J. Ignatius von, his attacks on Papal Infallibility, 538, 545;
on episcopal authority, in Council, 545
character of, 403
declaration of, on papal necessity for temporal power, 312-13
fame of, 463
historical insight of, limitations of, 409-10
judgments of, compared to Möhler's, 378;
their gentleness, 410
influences acting upon, earlier and later studies, intercourse, literatures, etc.—evolution due to—375-6, 379-82, 383, 386-9,
392-3, 399;
later views of, 396, 425-36
later life of, 399
and Möhler in Munich, views at variance, 377-80
politics and their interest for, 400-403
reliance of scholars on, in theological difficulties, 382-3
silence of followers of, 313-15
style of, 375-435;
own estimate of, 432;
views on, and methods of, 383, 385, 389-92
tract attributed to, on Infallibility, 512, 513
value as historian of the Church, 408-10
views of, compared to Möhler's, 378-9;
on temporal power, 301-74
visits of, to Oxford, 403;
to Rome, 410-14
Works by—
Church History, interpretations of, 379-435;
source of, 386;
new edition of, refused by, 392-3
Heidenthum und Judenthum, publication of, 405-7
Hippolytus und Kallistus, publication of, 404-5
Kirche und Kirchen, argument of, 414-18;
description of, 384-6;
source of, 386;
preface to, cited on temporal authority of the Church, 303-12;
purpose of, 371-4
Papstfabeln des Mittetalters, spurious authority of the Church, 418-21
Philosophumena, vindication of Rome, after publication of, by, 404
Reformation, preparation for, 392-4;
publication of, 394;
ridiculed in Rome, 411;
style of, 393-7
cited on attitude of Pius IX. and the Council, 371
character of Pius IX., 365-6
Council of Trent, 432
England's attitude to temporal power of Pope, 415
German loyalty to the Church, 370-71
Luther, 397
mistaken judgments of youth, 429
St. Dominic, 428
the temporal power of the Pope, 414-15

Dominicans, the, theology of, discountenanced, 498

Dominis, De, 432

Dorner, 389

Dort, Canons of, 580

Doyle, 402

Duchesne, Abbé, 400, 574
on the idea of development, and what impeded its acceptance, 592-3

Dupanloup, 400, 425;
opposition of, at Vatican Council, 522, 526
defence of Syllabus by, 424
opposition of, to Papal temporal power, 412

Duperron, Cardinal, on Arianism, apparent, in St. Irenæus and Tertullian, 592

Duplessis-Mornay, forebodings of, as to Huguenot perils, 107

Dutch independence due to maritime successes, 103

Dynastic interest, dominant in old European system, 273
at the Congress of Vienna, 283


Ebrard, Döllinger's opinion of work of, 420

Ecclesiastical authority, functions of its office, 460

Echard, authority on the Inquisition, 554
book by, on St. Thomas, pages by another, printed in, 558-9

Eckstein, character of, 400

École des Chartes, pupils of, methods of, 561

École Française, 574

Edessa, Archbishop of, at commission of preparation for Vatican Council, 500

Edict of Nantes, Revocation of, an inconsistency, 170
not approved by Innocent XI., 147
remarks on, 260
of Pacification, 108
of Toleration, deceitful, of Charles IX., 117, 135

Elections, indirect, 97;
not always a safeguard of conservatism, 2

Elizabeth, Queen of England, Catherine de' Medici's challenge to a massacre of Catholics, 122
Döllinger's lenient view of, 410
murder of, sanctioned by Pius V., 139
not alienated by Charles IX.'s Huguenot massacres, 120
proposed league of, for Protestant defence, Lutheran protest, 145

Elizabeth of Valois, first wife of Philip II. of Spain, fate of, 104 & note

Ellicott, Dr., Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol, on Lamennais's theory, 593

Emerson, R.W., on attitude of the best Americans to politics, 578

Encyclical, the, of 1846, Infallibility proclaimed in, 496

England, an exception to the common law of dynastic States till 1745., 274
indignation in, at the idea of development in religion, 591
Inquisition never admitted into, 59
status of kings in, Canning on, 583-4
under the Stuarts, Church and liberty in, 208

English Catholics, peculiarities of their position, 438;
Wiseman's personal relations with, 437, 438
legal system, pioneer work of Jeremy Bentham in reform of, 3
liberty, adversary of the despotic policy, 276
nation, endurance of, and supremacy of, in art of labour, 60
foremost in battle for liberty, 59
views of, on the Huguenot massacres, 144
race, Christianity a cause of greatness of, 204
writers, Döllinger's acquaintance with, 388

Entremont, Countess, marriage of, with Coligny, Salviati's denunciation on, 110

Eötvös on lay interest in religious government, 510

Ephialtes and democracy, 68

Epictetus, 406

Epicurus on purpose of foundation of societies, 18

Equality, passion for, in France, 57, 58
subversive theory proclaimed by Rousseau, 273;
making French Revolution (1789) disastrous to liberty, 88
of fortune, and class interests, 69
political, observations on the right to, 262

Erasmus, his idea of renovating society on the principles of self-sacrifice, 58

Erhle, Father, 552, 560, 574

Essenes, disappearance of, 66
idea of renovating society on the principles of self-sacrifice, 58
slavery, both in principle and practice, rejected by, 26

Ethical offices of the Church not exclusively hers, 448-9

Ethnology and Geography united, in relation to security of free institutions, Mill on, 286

Eudæmon-Johannes, praise given by, to the St. Bartholomew, 147

Eugenius IV., Pope, election of, 355

Euphemus, cited, 70

Europe, attitude of, to the French massacre of Huguenots, 120. 124-5;
progress of democracy in, 85;
theory of Nationality in, how awakened, 275
civilised, to what its preservation is due according to Lea, 568
Latin, frequency in, of revolution, 278;
its object, 280-81
Western, retrogression in arts and sciences due to domination of Teutons, 32, 33
the two conquests of, and their effects on social ideas, 278 et seq.

European liberalism and conservatism, 582-3
system, the old, reigning families, not nationalities, dominant in, 273

Eutychius, Lea's remarks on, challenged, 563

Excommunication, of Frohschammer, 477
what it involves, according to the confession of Schmalkald, etc., 158

Eymeric, author of the Directorium, President of Arragonese tribunal against heretics, 558, 559


Fables of the Church (Papstfabeln des Mittelalters), Döllinger's investigations of, 418-21

Faenza, why menaced by Pius V., 137

Faith not to be kept with heretics, Catholic theory on, 140-41

Falloux, value of, as historian, 400
opposition of, to Montalembert, 425

False principles, place of, in social life of nations, 272

Fantuzzi, compiler of history, 387

Farel, death of Servetus approved by, 185

Farnese, Cardinal, see Paul III., Pope

Fatalism, philosophy of historians, 221

Fauriel, 565

Federal government, views on, of Hamilton, 581-3

Federalism, most effective check on democracy, 98;
value of, 20

Federalist, The, by Alexander Hamilton, various views on, 581

Federal form of American constitution, said not to be understood by Tocqueville, 576

Fénelon, his idea of renovating society
on the principles of self-sacrifice, 58
on absolutism, 433
on domains as dowries, 273
on national distress, 49

Ferdinand I., Döllinger's lenient estimate of, 410

Ferdinand II., Döllinger's lenient estimate of, 410

Ferralz, despatches of, on attitude of Roman Court to the St. Bartholomew, unused, 102
quarrels of, with the Cardinal of Lorraine, 129
true particulars of the Navarre marriage according to, 131-2
on the attitude of Gregory XIII. on hearing of the St. Bartholomew, 132-3 note

Ferrara, Alfonso, Duke of, a massacre of Huguenots advised by (1564), 108 & note

Ferrari, 590;
Döllinger's tribute to, 417
on Machiavelli's character, 226

Ferrier, Du, Catherine de' Medici's words to, on the death of the Queen of Spain and the massacre of St. Bartholomew, 104

Ferrières, 122

Fessler, see St. Pölten, Bishop of

Feudalism, alien to the sentiment of France, 279
growth of, 34;
effect on Church, 245
struggles of, with the Church, 34, 35

Feuerlein, Machiavelli's loyalty upheld by, 229
on political expediency, 224

Fichte, J.S., cited in praise of Machiavelli's policy, 228

Ficker, Prof., account by, of the Inquisition, 426
on the real contriver of the Inquisition's rule by terror, 555

First Empire, the French, things most oppressed by, the causes of its downfall, 281

Fischer, Kuno, trace of Machiavelli in metaphysics of, 228

Fisher, John, Bishop of Rochester, on persecution, 570

Flaminian Gate, ancient custom connected with, 136

Flaminius, works of, edited by Trent Commissioners, 215

Fleury, style of, Döllinger's compared to, 381

Flint, Professor Robert, 572;
Historical Philosophy in France and French Belgium and Switzerland, review, 588
critical faculty strong in, 591
nature of his superiority as writer, 588-9;
some defects, 589-90

Florence, prepared for the St. Bartholomew, 109

Fontana, authority on the Inquisition, 554

Forbes (Bishop of Brechin), Döllinger's intimacy with, 416

Force replaced by opinion as Catholic tribunal, 148

Foreign rulers, objection to, as third cause of popular risings, 284

Forgery, Church authority supported by 511, 513

Formosus, 563

Fors de Béarn, the, 566

"Fourth Estate," rise of, 67

Fox, Charles James, 54

France, absolute monarchy in, 48;
how built up, 41
the Church in, and Protestantism, Döllinger on, 337
democratic principle in, its triumph the cause of the energy of the national theory, 287
feudalism alien to, 279
Gallican theory in, with respect to reigning houses, 35
governed by Paris during Revolution of 1789., 88
of history, how, and why, it fell, 277
inherent absence of political freedom and presence of absolutism in, 237-40
kingdom of, how evolved, 278
opposition in, to Lamennais's Ultramontanism, 463-4
passion in, for equality, 57, 158
political ideas concerning, of Charles IX., and of Richelieu, 116
removal of Papacy to, 370
and representation on Vatican Council, 504-5
"the slave of heretics" according to Pius V., 105
restored monarchy of, see Restoration

Franchi at Council of Bishops in 1867., 499

Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria, in 1859., 287

Franciscan masters, the, and the idea of development in religion, 592

Franciscans, General of, on the planned character of the St. Bartholomew, 124
struggle of Avignon with, 552

Franklin, Benjamin, irreligious tone of, 584

Franks, preamble of the Salic law of, 200

Franzelin on commission of preparation for Vatican Council, 500

Frederic the Great and Machiavelli's political schemes, 227
ignorant opposition of, to Machiavelli's works, 218

Frederic II., Emperor, treaty of, with the Church, 555
Lombard law of, 152;
its provisions, 555, 556

Free institutions, a generally necessary condition for securing, Mill on, 286

Freedom (see also Liberty) accorded to English Catholics, 438
in antiquity—
age of Pericles, 9
antiquity of liberty, modernity of despotism, 5
cause of liberty benefited more under Roman Empire than under Republic, 15
dangers of monarchy, of aristocracy and democracy, 19, 20
decline of Athenian constitution, 11
definition of liberty, 3
early communism and utilitarianism, 17, 18
emancipation by Stoics of mankind from despotic rule, 24
guiding principle of Roman Republic, 13
highest teaching of classical civilisation powerless to avert despotism, 27
history of institutions often deceptive and illusive, 2
implicit opposition of Stoics to principle of slavery, 25, 26
influence of Christianity over the State, gradual, 27
infusion of Greek ideas of statesmanship among Romans, 16
liberty, highest political end, 22, 23, 24
limitation and excess in duties of State, 4
method of growth of constitution, 5
nature of government of Israelites, 4
object of constitutions, 10
reform in English legal system instituted by Jeremy Bentham, 3
representative government, emancipation of slaves, and liberty of conscience not a subject of classical literature, 25, 26
revision of laws of Athens by Solon, 6
sanction of Christ the true definition of the authority of government, 29
teaching of Plato and Aristotle respecting politics, 22
teaching of Pythagoras and Heraclitus of Ephesus, 21, 22
triumphs due to minorities, 1, 4
value of federalism, 20
vice of the Classic State, 16
wisest minds among the ancients tainted with perverted morality, 18

Freedom in Christianity, history of—
Christianity employed by Constantine to strengthen his empire, 30, 31
civil, its two worst enemies, 300
conscience, a postulate of religious revolution, 153

Freeholders, "divine right of," established by Revolution of 1688, 54

Freeman, Döllinger on, as a historian, 421
on Mommsen's want of generous sentiment, 222

French Belgium, see Historical Philosophy in France and French Belgium and Switzerland

French Catholics, reasons of their confusion between piety and ferocity, 141
clergy, and the St. Bartholomew, 126-7 & notes
monarchy, aid of the democracy in establishing and in demolishing, reasons for both, 278-80
people, attitude of, to and after the Huguenot massacres, 143 et seq.
how regarded after the Revolution, 277
provincial massacres of Huguenots, 118-19, 134
writers, influence of, on Döllinger, 387
scholarship, dependence on, of Mr. H.C. Lea, 558