Abbot, Archbishop, and Father Paul, 432

Abbott, Dr., on Bacon and Machiavelli, 228

Absolutism, causes contributing to, 288
impulse given to, by teaching of Machiavelli, 41
inherently present in France, 237-40
and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 121
the old, its most revolutionary act, 275
sanction of, 433

Absolutists, eighteenth century, their care solely for the State, 273

Acta Sanctorum authority on the inception and early growth of the Inquisition, 554

Acton, Lord—
Character and characteristics of—
Absolutism detested by, xxxi, xxxiv
admiration of, for George Eliot and for Gladstone, basis of, xxiii
Catholicism of, xii-xiv, xix, xx, xxvii, xxviii;
attitude of, to doctrine of Papal Infallibility, xxv, xxvi;
reality of his faith, xviii et seq.
ideals cherished by, document embodying, xxxviii-ix;
need of directing ideals practised by, xxii, xxiv
individualistic tendencies of, xxviii
intense individuality of, xvi
objection of, to doctrine of moral relativity, xxxii, xxxiii
personality of, as exhibited in present volume, xii;
greatness of, xxii, xxxvii, xxxviii
severity of his judgments, xxv, xxvii
Literary activity and tastes of—
contributions of, to periodicals, light thrown by, on his erudition and critical faculty, ix
History of Liberty projected by, xxxv
as leader-writer, ix
preference of, for matter rather than manner in literature, xxii
literary activity, three chief periods in, xii-xiv
writings of, planned, xxxv, xxxvi;
and completed, ix et passim;
why comparatively few, xxxv-vii;
qualities in, iv, x, xvi;
instance of, xi;
the real inspiration of, and of his life, xxi;
style of, xxxiv et seq.
origin, birth, and environment of, xiv, xviii, xix, xxxiii
political errors of, xxviii et seq.;
on freedom, xxxi;
on Liberalism, xxv, xxx
on Stahl, 391

Adams, J.Q., on the Christian faith, 585
denying the influence of the pilgrims on the American Revolution, 584
despondency of, as to American constitution, 579
discriminating between American and French Revolutions, 580
on Hamilton, 582

Adams, the younger, 578

Addison, J., inconsistent ideas of, regarding liberty, 53

Address of the Bishops at Rome, Wiseman's draft, the facts concerning, 444-5;
attacks on, of the Patrie, 439, 443, 444, 445;
Wiseman's reply, and see Home and Foreign Review

Ahrens, cited on national government, 227

Alamanni, forecasting the Huguenot massacres, 109

Albertus Magnus, 557

Albigenses, how dealt with by Montfort, 556
why persecuted, 168

Aldobrandini, Cardinal Hippolyto, see Clement VIII.

Alessandria, Cardinal of, Michielli Bonelli, Legate of Pius V. mission of, to Spain, Portugal, and France, 112;
his famous companion, 113;
his ostensible purpose, its failure, information given to, on the forthcoming massacre, 113-14
after the St. Bartholomew 140

Alfonso, King of Aragon, proscription by, of heretics, 558

Alva, Duke of, Catherine de' Medici's message to, on the massacres, 122
failure of, in the Low Countries, 103
judgment of, on the St. Bartholomew, 124
letter of, on the St. Bartholomew. 108 & note
ordered to slay all Huguenot prisoners, 141-2

America, colonists of, opposition of Lords Chatham and Camden to, 55
early settlers in, Catholic and Protestant, contrasted action as to religious liberty, 187
doctrine of rights of man, originated from, 55
United States, democracy in, 64
government, based on Burke's political philosophy, 56;
how the value of this foundation was negatived, 56
humour in, 579
national institutions of, attitude to, of Americans of to-day, not that of the founders, 579
place of, in political science, 578
presidency of Monroe, "the era of good feeling," 56
progress of democracy in, 84
religion in, Döllinger on, 339-40
representation in, defect concerning, 579

American Commonwealth The, by James Bryce, review, 575

American Constitution, Hamilton's position regarding, 581;
its development due to Marshall, ib.
how cemented, 579
government, confederate scheme of, 577
Judge Cooley on, 580
liberty, Judge Cooley on, 580
revolution, the abstract revolution in perfection, 586
no point of comparison between it and the French, 580
not inspired by the beliefs of the Pilgrim Fathers, 584-5
spirit of, 580, 587

Americans, attitude of the best towards politics, 578

Anabaptists, destructive tendency of their teaching, 157, 169, 171, 174, 175, 178, 185;
and its effect on Luther, 155
intolerance of, 171-2
views of reformers as to their toleration, 157, 164, 167, 176

Andreæ. Lutheran divine, on the Huguenots, 145

Angelis, de Cardinal, manager of elections to Commission on Dogma, 529
President of Vatican Council, 534

Anglicanism, appreciation of Döllinger for some exponents of, 395
and growth of other sects, 334-7
progress of, 329-32

Anjou, Confession of, on the St. Bartholomew, 107

Anjou, Duke of (see also Henry III.), and the crown of Poland, 105, 120, 144
schemes for marriage of, with Queen Elizabeth, 105
guilt of, for the St. Bartholomew, 110
orders of, for Huguenot massacre in his lands, 119

Annalists, method of, compared with that of scientific historians, 233

Antiquity, authority of State excessive in, 4
of liberty proved by recent historians, 5

Antonelli, Cardinal, advice of, to Bonnechose, 529
discussion of Infallibilty by Vatican Council, denied by, 518-19
on temporal power of Papacy, 414

Apologists for the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 147-8

Apology of Confession of Augsburg on excommunication, 158

Arianism among the Teutonic tribes, 199
suggested, of Petavius, and why, 592

Aristides and democracy, 68

Aristocracy, destruction of, in the Reign of Terror, 262
early eighteenth-century, 273-4
government by, advocated by Pythagoras, 21;
government by, danger of, 20
Roman, struggle with plebeians, 13, 14

Aristotle on class interests, 69
estimation of, by Döllinger, 406
Ethics of, democracy condemned by, 71
Politics of, 22, 79;
makes concession to democracy, 72
saying of, reflecting the illiberal sentiments of his age, 18

Arles, Council of, and the Count of Toulouse, 565

Arnaud and the saying, "God knows His own," 567

Arnauld, 429

Arnim, Baron, influence of, at Vatican Council, 506
interview of, with Döllinger, 426

Arnold of Brescia, 559

Arragon, constructive science of its people, 557
heresy in (1230), 556;
lead of the country in persecution, 557

Artists, method of, compared with that of scientific historians, 233

Ascoli, Cecco d', fate of, 564-5

Ashburton, Lady, 382

Asoka (Buddhist king), first to proclaim and establish representative government, 26

Assassination, see also Murder and Regicide
Catherine de' Medici's plan, inspired by member of Council of Trent, 216
expediency of, view of Swedish bishops, 217
as a political weapon, 213-14
religious, considered expedient, 325
the reward of heresy, a doctrine of the Church in Middle Ages, 216

Athenagoras cited, 70

Athenians, character of, 11

Athens, constitution of, rapid decline in career of, 11;
revision of, provided for by Solon with good results, 7, 8
democracy of, 66;
tyranny manifested by, 12
government by consent superseded government by compulsion, under Solon, 7
laws of, revised by Solon, 6
political equality at, 68
Republic of, causes of ruin of, 70
death of Socrates crowning act of guilt of, 12
reform in, came too late, 12, 13

Aubigné, Merle d', and the charge against the Bordeaux clergy, 127 note

Auger, Edmond, S.J., and the Bordeaux massacres, 127

Augsburg, Confession of, axiom concerning importance of, in Luther's system of politics, 159
Apology of, on excommunication, 158

Austria, Concordat in, its failure, 292
opposition to Vatican politics in, and to the Council, 503, 506
policy of repression in, after Waterloo, 283
representation of, on Vatican Council, 509

Austria, Don Juan of, and the victory of Lepanto, 104;
effect of, marred by Charles IX., 105

Austrian Empire, nationalities in, 295, 296;
why substantial, one of the most perfect States, 298

Austrian power in Italy, effect of, on nationality, 287
rule in Italy, error of, 285

Authorities, use made of, revealing qualities of historians, 235

Authority of the Church questioned through Frohschammer's excommunication, 477-8

Authority, supreme, of the Church, 192;
attitude of Home and Foreign Review towards, 482-91

Avaux, D', view of expedient political massacre, 218

Avignon, removal of the Papacy to, 370;
strife between, and the Franciscans, 552

Ayamonte, Spanish Ambassador to Paris, 123


Baader, F.X. von, estimate of, by Döllinger and Martensen, 376;
work of, 377;
father-in-law of Lasaulx, 405
Schelling's coolness to, 381

Babœuf, proclaimer of Communism, 273

Bach, administration of, in Austria, 283

Bacon, Francis, 562
advocate of passive obedience to kings, 48
modern attacks on, 377
on bookish politicians, 575
on St. Thomas Aquinas, 37
influence of Machiavelli on, 228
cited on political justification, 220

Bacon, Sir Nicholas, 44

Baden (1862), nationality in, 295

Baglioni, family of, models for Machiavelli, 212

Bain, T., interpreter of Locke, 220

Ballanche and liberal Catholicism, 588

Ballerini, influence on Döllinger, 387

Balmez, classed as Ultramontane, 451

Baltimore, synod of, and Infallibility, 499

Baluze, 559

Barbarians, the, become instrument of the Church by introducing single system of law, 244

Barberini, Cardinal, on reason for condemning De Thou's History, 147

Baronius, 379, 429;
Döllinger's study of, 387

Barrot, O., opposed to universal suffrage, 590

Barrow, Isaac, Döllinger's Roman antidote to, 387

Basel, Church government at, under Œcolampadius, 176

Baudrillart, cited on Machiavelli's universality, 226

Baumgarten, Crusius, on political expediency, 230
works of, esteemed by Döllinger, 381

Baur, Ferdinand, on historical facts, 385
work of, estimated by Döllinger, 381, 404

Bavaria, Catholic stronghold (1572), 103

Baxter, Richard, 416

Bayle, Pierre, cited on Servetus, 185

Bayonne, conference of, massacre of St. Bartholomew the outcome of, 108, 109 & note, 124

Beaconsfield, Earl of, story of, 551;
view of Döllinger on, 391

Beauville, bearer to Rome of news of the St. Bartholomew, 132-3

Beccaria, on importance of success as result of action, 223

Belgian revolution, causes united in, 284

Belgium, representation of, on Vatican Council, 507
vigorous growth of municipal liberties in, 38

Bellarmine, Cardinal, deceived by hierarchical fictions, 420

"Bellum Haereticorum pax est Ecclesiae," maxim utilised by Polish bishops, 103

Benedict XIV., Pope, 148
scholarship under, 387

Bennettis, De, appreciated by Döllinger, 387

Bentham, Jeremy, pioneer in abolition of legal abuses, 3
principle of greatest happiness, 223

Berardi, Cardinal, influence of, on Döllinger, 387
proposed announcement of discussion of Infallibility at Vatican Council set aside, 518

Bergier, 573

Berlin, 378

Bernard, Brother, 564

Bernays, 432

Besold, followers of Machiavelli denounced by, 225

Beust, Count, on Vatican Council, 503;
indifference to, 509

Beza, Theodore, death of Servetus approved by, 185
defence of Calvin, 183
on the Huguenot massacres, on toleration, and on the civil authority over religious crime, 146
on religious assassination, 326

Beziers, siege of, 567

Bianchi, recommended by Döllinger, 387

Bible, inspiration of, 513-15
as sole guide in all things, Luther's principle, 154, 158, 159, 161

Bigamy of the Landgrave of Hesse, how dealt with by Luther, and why, 160

Bilio, Cardinal, junior president of Vatican Council, 534

Biner, apologist of the St. Bartholomew, 148

Biran, Maine de, cited on political expediency, 220

Bishops, the, address to Pius, in preparation for Vatican Council, 494, 499
attitude of, towards Bull Multiplices inter, 520-25
and the Papacy, 511
protesting, charge of sharing Döllinger's views, repudiated by, 538
deception of, at Vatican Council, 518-526
hostility of, harm done by, 531
withdrawal of, from close of Vatican Council, 549

Bismarck, Count, on State participation in Vatican Council, 506

Bizarri, policy of, on Vatican Council, 534

Blanc, Louis, a secret worker for overthrow of Louis Philippe, 92

Blasphemy, reasons for its punishment by the Reformers, 169, 175

Blois, French court at, 112;
Coligny at, 1571., 115

Blondel, Döllinger's gratitude to, 393

Blue Laws of Connecticut, 55

Boccaccio, Giovanni, revision of the Decamerone, 215

Boccapaduli, Papal secretary, speech of, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 136

Bodin, cited on Il Principe, 218

Bohemia, religious future of, in relation to the case of Hus, 571

Bolingbroke, Lord, slight knowledge of Machiavelli's works, 218

Bologna, University of, 556

Bona, Cardinal, urged suppression of Liber Diurnus, 516

Bonald, and absolute monarchy, 467
and Lamennais's theory, 593
ultramontanism of, 451

Bonelli, Michiel, see Alessandria, Cardinal of

Boniface VIII., Pope, Bull of, on supreme spiritual power, 324;
vindications of, inspired by Döllinger, 391

Bonnechose, Cardinal, share of, in elections to Commission of Dogma, 529, 532
urged French representation on Vatican Council, 504

Bordeaux, the Huguenot massacres of, 127

Boretius, cited on Frederick the Great and Machiavelli, 229

Borghese, Cardinal, afterwards Paul V., Pope, his knowledge of the planned character of St. Bartholomew, 114

Borgia, compiler of history, 387
family, models for Machiavelli, 212
Francis, S.J., 113

Borromeo, Cardinal, 108 & notes, 108-9

Bossuet, advocate of passive obedience to kings, 47, 429, 434
Defensio feared, 378
indignation of, 148
and the idea of development, 591, 592, 593, 595
on love of country, 20 & note
work of, compared to Döllinger, 424

Boucher, 45;
on Henry III. of France and reliance on maxims of Il Principe, 215

Bourbon, Cardinal of, unguarded speech of, on coming Huguenot massacre, 111
Etienne de, inquisitor, works of, 558-9
House of, French and Spanish, contests of the Habsburgs with, 275
House of, upholders of supremacy of kingship over people, 47

Bourges, massacre of Huguenots commanded at, by Charles IX. La Chastre's refusal to obey, 115

Boys, Du, defender of the Inquisition, 573

Brandenburg, Albrecht, Margrave of, and the Anabaptists, 157, & see 156 note

Brantôme on the death of Elizabeth of Valois, 104

Brescia, Bishop of, see Guala
city, centre of historical work, 387

Brewer, intercourse with Döllinger, 402

Brief of Pius IX. to Archbishop of Munich, and attitude of Home and Foreign Review to supreme authority of the Church, 482-491

Brill, the, Dutch maritime victory, its importance, 103

British empire, why substantially one of the most perfect states, 298

Brittany, and the Huguenot massacres, 119

Brixen, Bishop of, on Papal authority, 543

Brosch, on Cardinal Pole and Il Principe, 214

Brougham, Lord, advice to students, 393

Bruce, house of, struggle with house of Plantagenet, 35

Bruno, 430

Bryce, James, The American Commonwealth, review, 575

Bucer, Martin, in favour of persecution, 172-73

Buch, De, 430

Buchanan, 44, 45

Buckeridge, Blondel, Döllinger's Roman antidote to, 387

Buckle, H.T., 589, 590

Bugge, discoveries of, 405

Bull, censure of the Reformation of, 416

Bull of Boniface VIII., on supreme spiritual authority, 324

Bull of Gregory XIII. relating to the Huguenot massacres, 134-45 & note;
not admitted into official collections 101

Bull Multiplices inter, of Vatican Council, 520-22

Bullarium Dominicanum, the, referred to by Lea, 563

Bullinger, Heinrich, death of Servetus approved by, 185
cited on persecution, 174-76

Burd, L.A., edition of Machiavelli's Il Principe, introduction to, 212-31;
skill as exponent of Machiavelli's political system, 212
text of the Discorsi produced by, 227

Burgundy, refusal of its governors to massacre Huguenots,