Ohio State and City Labor Bureau, 128.

Ohio Charter Commission, 128.

Oklahoma, migrations to, 9.

Omaha, migrations to, 58.

Oshkosh Daily Northwestern, 158.

 

Packing houses, negroes employed in:

East St. Louis, 100;

Chicago, 29, 102;

Milwaukee, 114.

Painters:

in Pittsburgh, 122;

wages of, 86.

Parker, Judge T.A., 81.

Parks, Rev., 79.

Pattern Makers, wages of, 17.

Pass Riders, 77.

Pennsylvania:

migrations to, 9, 38-39, 55, 57, 67, 134-139;

labor agents from, 135;

returns to former homes from, 135.

See also Philadelphia;

Pittsburgh.

Pennsylvania Railroad Co., demand of, for labor, 69, 135.

Persuasion, use of, to check migrations, 79.

Pfister-Vogel Co., employment of negro labor, 114-115, 117.

Philadelphia:

migrations to, 57-58, 135;

prejudice, 135;

attitude of negroes in, toward migrants, 136;

wages, 136;

riots, 136;

housing, 137-139;

social work, 137-139.

See also Pennsylvania.

Philadelphia Academy of Medicine, 137.

Philadelphia Christian Recorder, 164.

Pittsburgh:

migrations to, 58, 67, 119-125;

efforts to secure negro labor, 119-120;

housing, 120-122;

social conditions in, 121, 124-125;

prejudice, 123;

wages, 18, 123-124;

comparison of negro labor with foreign labor, 125.

See also Pennsylvania.

Pittsburgh Associated Charities, 121.

Pittsburgh Dispatch, 160.

Pittsburgh, University of, 121.

Plankington Packing Co., employment of negro labor, 113-115.

Plantation government, 84.

Poems, circulation of, influence on migration, 37.

Political prosecution in South, 4.

Porters:

in Chicago, 17;

in Milwaukee, 114;

in Pittsburgh, 122;

wages of, 17, 114.

Pottsville, migrations to, 134.

Poughkeepsie, migrations to, 56.

Prejudice:

Rockford, 107-108;

Waukegan, 109;

East Chicago, 110;

Beloit, 111;

Milwaukee, 116;

Pittsburgh, 123;

Philadelphia, 135;

cause of migration, 3, 22, 24-25;

of labor unions, 49-51;

decrease in, 91.

Press, causes and effects of migrations, as expressed through the, 152-174.

Prisoners, care of discharged, 127.

Professional men, migration of, 45.

Public opinion regarding migrations, 152-174.

Public speaking, stimulation of migration by, 27-28.

Puddlers, employment of, in Pittsburgh, 122.

 

Railroads:

efforts of, to secure negro labor, 38, 120;

wages, 103;

in Pittsburgh, 122.

Raleigh Independent, 161.

Realty Housing and Investment Co., 127.

Reeves, Alexander, 72.

Remedies:

in Georgia, 80;

increased educational facilities, 83, 90;

through W.P. Thirkfield, 83;

through Tuskegee Institute, 81;

conferences, 143-144;

through churches, 144-147;

through labor unions, 147-151.

Rents:

in Chicago, 105;

in Cleveland, 126;

in New Jersey, 139;

in Hartford, 142.

See also Housing.

Republic Rolling Mill, employment of negro labor, 109.

Returns to South:

from East Chicago, 110;

from Pennsylvania, 135;

from New Jersey, 139.

Riley, George S., 73.

Riots:

in East St. Louis, 98-100;

in Philadelphia, 136.

See also Mob violence.

Robinson, Joe, 72.

Robinson, William, 107.

Rockford:

migrations to, 106-108;

housing, 106-107;

wages, 106-107;

prejudice, 107-108.

Rockford Malleable Iron Company:

employment of negro labor, 106-107;

housing of its labor, 106-107;

wages paid by, 107.

Rumors, influence on migrations of, 28-29, 40, 78-79.

 

St. Louis:

migrations to, 57, 66-67, 95-101;

separation, 95;

efforts to secure migrants, 96;

wages, 96-97;

housing, 97-98.

See also East St. Louis;

Missouri.

Sanitary conditions:

improvements in, 92, 94;

in St. Louis, 98.

Scarborough, W.S., 128.

Schwartz, John E., 37.

Scott, Emmett J., 150.

Scroggs, William Oscar, 9.

Segregation, 95-96.

Servants. See Domestic service.

Shillady, J.R., 150-151.

Shoemakers, wages of, 114.

Singleton, "Pap" (Benjamin), 5-6.

Skilled workers, 122, 129.

Smith, Bridges, 59.

Social conditions:

in Pittsburgh, 121;

in Cleveland, 127.

See also Welfare work.

Social Service Commission of the Churches of Christ, 121.

Solvay Steel Castings Co., employment of negro labor, 114.

South Carolina:

migrations from, 46-47;

race conference, 172.

Southwestern Christian Advocate, 144.

Springfield, migrations to, 126.

Springfield Union, 158.

Stanton, V.L., 81.

Steel industry:

demand for labor, 38, 119;

negroes employed in Pittsburgh, 122.

Steel molders, wages of, 114.

Stimulation of migrations. See Influences.

Street construction workers, wages of, 114.

Street tax in South, cause of migration, 20.

Superstitions of migrants, 40, 45-46.

Swift and Company, employment of negro labor, 100.

 

Tannery laborers, wages of, 114.

Teachers, wages of, 18.

Tennessee:

migrations from, 4-5, 95-96, 99;

migrations to, 68;

lynchings, 22.

Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Co., 93.

Texas:

migrations to, 3;

migrations from, 4;

Colonization Council, 5.

Theater ushers, women employed as, 129.

Thirkfield, Bishop W.P., 83.

Tifton Gazette, 79.

Tobacco fields, wages of labor employed in, 17.

Trakem Pump Co., employment of negro labor, 106.

Tunnell Construction Co., employment of negro labor, 114-115.

Tuskegee Institute:

efforts to check migrations, 81;

conference of, 82.

Transfer yards, negro labor employed in, 100.

Transportation, influence on migration of fears of, 28-29.

Transportation paid by Northern employers, 135.

Traveling accommodations, influence on migrations, 21-22;

effects of migrations, 91.

Trenton, migrations to, 57.

Truckers, employment of negro laborers as, 129.

 

"Underground Railroad," 68.

Unemployment, 14-16, 59.

Union Central Relief Association, 64.

United States Production Co., 109.

Unskilled labor, 122, 129.

 

Vicksburg Herald, 153.

Virginia, migrations from, 39.

 

Wages:—

South:

cause of migrations, 14-18, 29, 34, 83, 171;

comments of press, 84;

effects of migrations, 81, 83, 85-87, 91.

North:

In Pittsburgh, 18, 123-124;

in Massachusetts, 17;

in Minnesota, 18;

in St. Louis, 96-97, 99;

in Chicago, 17, 102-103, 109-110, 114;

in Rockford, 106-107;

in Waukegan, 108;

in Beloit, 111;

in Milwaukee, 113-115;

in Detroit, 129-130;

in Philadelphia, 136;

in New Jersey, 140;

in Hartford, 142.

Walker, A.P., 37.

Walla Walla Bulletin, 160.

Warehousemen, wages of, 17.

Waukegan, migrations to, 108-109.

Waukegan industries, employment of negro labor, 108-109.

Wehr Steel and Machine Shops, employment of negro labor, 113.

Welfare work:

National League on Urban Conditions among Negroes, 93, 143-144, 149;

in Chicago, 103;

in Ohio, 126-128;

in Detroit, 131;

in New Jersey, 139-141;

in Philadelphia, 137-139;

in Hartford, 141-142.

Wilberforce University, 128.

Wilder Tannery Co., employment of negro labor, 108.

Wills, J. Walter, 128.

Wilmington, migrations to, 134.

Wilson Packing Co., wages paid by, 103.

Winston, Francis D., 153.

Wisconsin:

migrations to, 110-111;

wages, 111.

See also Milwaukee.

Women's Health League, 88.

Woods, J.S., 114.

Wright, R.R., 171.

 

Yard workers, wages of, 17.

York, migrations to, 134.

Young Negroes' Progressive Association, 132.

Youngstown, migrations to, 57, 126.