Adams, Henry, 4, 6.

Abbott, William, 84.

African Methodist Episcopal Church, 145.

Akron, migrations to, 57, 126.

Alabama:

migrations from, 4, 7, 59, 63-74, 95-96, 107, 109;

causes of migrations, 14-15, 20-21;

Colonization Council, 5;

efforts to check migrations, 72, 76;

effects of migrations, 86.

Albany, migrations to, 56.

Albert Trostel Co., employment of negro labor, 114-115.

Allis Chalmers Co., employment of negro labor, 114.

Altoona, migrations to, 134.

Aluminum Ore Works, employment of negro labor, 100-101.

Amaca, Tom, 37.

American Baptist Home Mission Society, 144.

American Car & Foundry Co., employment of negro labor, 97.

American Cast Iron Pipe Co., employment of negro labor, 93.

American Federation of Labor, 147-148.

See also Labor Unions.

American International Shipbuilding Co., employment of negro labor, 139.

American Steel & Wire Co., employment of negro labor, 108-109.

Andrews, W.T., 172.

Arkansas:

migrations to, 3, 9, 65-68;

efforts to check migrations, 72.

Armour & Co., employment of negro labor, 100.

Armstrong Association, 137-138.

Atlanta Constitution, 59.

Atlanta Independent, 162.

Atlanta Mutual Insurance Co., 64.

Badham, Henry L., 20.

Bailey, H.C., 128.

Banks, Edward T., 128.

Beloit:

migrations to, 110-111;

wages in, 111.

Beloit News, 159.

Bibliography, 175-183.

Birmingham Voice of the People, 160.

"Bloody Isle," The, 99.

Boll weevil, damage to cotton crops by, 14, 165.

Booker T. Washington Social Settlement, 114.

Bricklayers, wages of, 16, 86.

Brickmasons, wages of, 86.

Brink, Gilbert N., 144.

Brown Farm, 37.

Bryant, Lewis T., 141.

Buffalo, migrations to, 56, 67.

Building trades, negroes employed in, 122.

Bus boys, wages of, 17.

Butler, J.H., 75.

Butchers, wages of, 114.

Cantonments, construction of, in South, 84.

Capital, influence on migration of Northern, 47.

Carpenters:

in Pittsburgh, 122;

wages of, 16, 86.

Carter, R.A., 146.

Causes of migrations:

Of 1879, 3-6;

unemployment, 14-15, 59;

failure of crops, 14-15, 165;

wages, 14-16, 83;

demand for labor in North, 14, 17-18, 28-29, 102, 111;

lack of educational facilities, 18-19, 81, 83;

treatment in courts, 19-20, 22, 83-85;

fee system and street tax, 20-21;

traveling accommodations, 21-22;

lynchings and mob violence, 18-19, 22, 79-81, 83, 166-167;

prejudice, 24-25, 83;

between cities in North, 117;

as expressed through the press, 152-174.

Champion Chemical Co., 128.

Charlotte Star of Zion, 161.

Chart showing extent and trend of migrations, 71.

Chattanooga Times, 169.

Chauffeurs, wages of, 114.

Chicago:

migrations to, 45, 58, 66-67, 69, 102;

opportunities, 29, 102;

increases in negro population, 7, 51;

housing, 102-106;

wages, 17, 102-103, 114;

welfare work, 103.

See also East Chicago;

Illinois.

Chicago Defender, 29-33.

Chicago Renting Agents Association, 103.

Chicago Women's Club, 103.

Chisholm, J.N., 37.

Christian Index, 163.

Churches:

effects of migrations on, 86, 144;

aid rendered by, 132, 144-147.

Cigar factories, employment of women in, 129.

Cincinnati, migrations to, 57, 125.

Cleveland, migrations to, 57, 126-127.

Cleveland Association of Colored Men, 128.

Cleveland Welfare Federation, 126.

Colonization Council, 4-5.

Colored Methodist Episcopal Church, 146.

Colored Protective Association, 137.

Columbia (S.C.) State, 155.

Columbus, migrations to, 7, 57, 126.

Commerce and Labor, Secretary of, 99.

Conferences to check migrations, 79-81, 83;

in Ohio, 128;

in New Jersey, 140;

American Federation of Labor, 147-148;

National League on Urban Conditions among Negroes, 143-144, 149.

Connecticut:

demand for labor, 54;

migrations to, 56, 58, 141-142;

wages, 142.

See also Hartford.

Connors, William R., 127.

Convict system, 3-4.

Cooks, 122.

Core makers, 129.

Correspondence, influence of, on migrations, 34, 69.

Cotton crop, failures of, 14.

Council of National Defense, 120.

Courts, treatment in:

cause of migrations, 10-20, 22, 83-85;

effects of migrations, 89.

Crawford, Anthony, 47.

Credit system, 92-93.

Crop failures, 14-15.

Cudahy Soap Factory, 109.

Culver, Charles M., 130.

Dallas Express, 162.

Davis, I.D., 81.

Dayton, migrations to, 126.

Discussion, stimulus to migration, 26.

District of Columbia, migrations to, 57.

Diversification of crops, 15.

Delaware, migrations to, 57, 134.

Delinquency problem, study of, in Cleveland, 127.

Detroit:

opportunities in, 28;

negro labor, 51, 130-131;

wages, 129;

welfare work, 131-132;

housing, 131-132.

See also Michigan.

Detroit Labor News, 151.

Detroit Employers' Association, 130.

Dock hands, wages of, 114.

Domestic service:

in North, 17, 50-51, 122, 129;

in South, 16.

Domination, removal of fear of, 91.

Dressmaking trade, negro labor in, 50.

East Chicago:

migrations to, 109-110;

wages, 109-110;

housing, 109-110;

recreation facilities, 110;

prejudice, 110;

returns to former homes from, 110.

See also Chicago;

Illinois.

East St. Louis:

migrations to, 57, 99-101;

riot of 1917, 98-101;

wages, 99;

demand for labor, 99;

housing, 100.

See also St. Louis;

Missouri.

East St. Louis Journal, 101.

Economic policy of South, change in, following migrations, 87-88.

Edge, Governor, of New Jersey, 140.

Educational facilities:

lack of, cause of migration, 18-19, 81, 83;

improvement in, 83, 90-91;

separation in schools, 96.

Effects on the North:

increase in crime, 141;

views of the press, 152-174.

Effects on the South:

wages, 86-87;

change in economic policies, 88-92;

labor unions, 88, 147-151;

lessening of prejudice, 88-89;

welfare work, 88, 92-94;

increased educational facilities, 83, 90-91;

land tenure and credit systems, 92-93;

views of the press, 152-174.

Efforts of the North to induce migration:

labor agents, 29, 36-37, 40, 60, 65;

in Milwaukee, 112, 114;

in Pittsburgh, 119-120.

Efforts of the South to check migration:

suppression of labor agents, 38, 72-74, 76-77;

through Tuskegee Institute, 81-82;

through the churches, 83;

legislation, 72-73, 76;

increased wages, 79, 83;

change in policies, 84-85;

improved educational facilities, 83, 90-91.

Eiffin, William T., 141.

Ellis, J.B., 81.

Emerson & Birmingham:

employment of negro labor, 106;

housing of its labor, 107.

Epstein, Abraham, 18, 119-120, 122-123.

Erie Railroad, demand of, for labor, 135.

Factories, negro labor employed in, 51.

Fairbanks, Morse & Co., employment of negro labor, 111.

Farm hands, wages of, 86.

Faulks' Manufacturing Co., employment of negro labor, 114-115.

Fee system, 20-21.

Firemen, wages of, 114.

Floods as cause of migration, 14.

Florida:

migrations to, 9;

migrations from, 38, 43-44, 55, 59, 62-63, 69;

causes of migration, 14, 22;

efforts to check migration, 72-73.

Floyd, William, 54.

Foundrymen, wages of:

in Massachusetts, 17;

in Minnesota, 18;

in Chicago, 17, 114.

Fraily, E.J., Jr., 54.

Free Sewing Machine Co.:

employment of negro labor, 106;

housing of its labor, 107.

Free transportation, 47-48.

Garment factories, employment of women in, 129.