Salt, spectrum of table, 122
Samarcand, 107
"Saros," Chaldean, 76–78, 84
Satellites, 26–27, 37
Saturn, 20, 22, 34, 37, 108, 236–243, 258;
comet family of, 252;
a puzzle to the early telescope observers, 241–243;
retrograde motion of satellite Phœbe, 240, 250, 336;
ring system of, 241;
satellites of, 36, 239–240;
shadows of planet on rings and of rings on planet, 237
Schaeberle, 95–96, 303, 316
Schiaparelli, 155, 214, 223
Schickhard (lunar crater), 199
Schmidt, 206
Schönfeld, 290
Schuster, 95
Schwabe, 136
Scotland, solar eclipses visible in, 89–90, 92
Sea of Serenity, 205
"Sea of Showers," 197
"Seas" of moon, 197, 206
Seasons on earth, 174–175;
on Mars, 211
Secondary bodies, 26
Seneca, 95, 260
Septentriones, 291
Serenitatis, Mare, 205
"Seven Stars," 291
"Shadow Bands," 69
Shadow of earth, circular shape of, 62–64
Shadows on moon, inky blackness of, 202
Shakespeare, 259, 293
Sheepshanks Telescope, 119
"Shining fluid" of Sir W. Herschel, 328
"Shooting Stars." See Meteors
Short (of Edinburgh), 114
"Showers, Sea of," 197
Sickle of Leo, 270–271, 296
Siderostat, 118
Silver, 145
Silvered mirrors for reflecting telescopes, 116
Sinus Iridum, 197
Sirius, 280, 282, 284–285, 288–290, 297, 303–304, 320;
companion of, 303;
stellar magnitude of, 289
Size of celestial bodies, how ascertained, 59
Skeleton telescopes, 110
Sky, international photographic survey of, 290–291;
light of the, 323
Slipher, E.C., 213, 222
Smithsonian Institution of Washington, 98
Snow on Mars, 213
Sodium, 122, 124, 254
Sohag, 95
Solar system, 20–21, 29–31;
centre of gravity of, 42;
decay and death of, 344
Somniorum, Lacus, 197
Sound, 125, 166, 331
South pole of heavens, 163, 285, 298–299
Southern constellations, 298–299
Southern Cross. See Crux
Space, 328
Spain, early astronomy in, 107;
eclipse tracks across 93, 97–98
Spectroheliograph, 140
Spectroscope, 120, 122, 124–125, 144–145, 212, 231;
prominences first observed with, 94, 140, 236
Spectrum of chromosphere, 132–133;
of corona, 133;
of photosphere, 132;
of reversing layer, 132, 137;
solar, 122–123, 127, 132
Speculum, 111, 116;
metal, 112
Spherical bodies, 29
Spherical shape of earth, proofs of, 158–161
Spherical shapes of sun, planets, and satellites, 160
Spiral nebulæ, 314–316, 337–338
Spring balance, 166
Spring tides, 192
Spy-glass, 108
"Square of the distance," 43–44
Stannyan, Captain, 90
Star, mass of, how determined, 305;
parallax of, first ascertained, 173, 280
Stars, the, 20, 124, 126, 278 et seq.;
brightness of, 287, 320;
distances between, 326–327;
distances of some, 173, 280, 320;
diminution of, below twelfth magnitude, 324;
evolution of, from nebulæ, 317–318;
faintest magnitude of, 288;
number of those visible altogether, 324;
number of those visible to naked eye, 288
"Steam cracks," 221
Steinheil, 118
Stellar system, estimated extent of, 325–327;
an organised whole, 327;
limited extent of, 322–328, 330;
possible disintegration of, 329
Stiklastad, eclipse of, 88
Stone Age, 285
Stoney, G.J., 202, 222
Stonyhurst Observatory, 100
Story of the Heavens, 271
Streams of stars, Kapteyn's two, 284
Stroobant, 196
Stukeley, 91
Sulphur, 145
Summer, 175, 178
Sun, Chaps XII. and XIII.;
as a star, 124, 278, 289;
as seen from Neptune, 246, 304;
chemical composition of, 144–145;
distance of, how ascertained, 151, 211;
equator of, 135–136, 139;
gravitation at surface of, 129, 138–139;
growing cold of, 343–344;
mean distance of, from earth, 47, 211;
motion of, through space, 282–286, 326;
not a solid body, 136;
poles of, 136;
radiations from, 130;
revolution of earth around, 170–173;
stellar magnitude of, 288–289;
variation in distance of, 66, 178
Sunspots, 34, 125, 134–137, 140–141, 143–144, 308;
influence of earth on, 144
Suns and possible systems, 50, 286
Superior conjunction, 147–149
Superior planets, 22, 146, 209–210, 229
Swan (constellation). See Cygnus
Swift, Dean, 224
"Sword" of Orion, 297, 316
Syrtis Major. See Hour Glass Sea
"Systematic Parallax," 326
Systems, other possible, 50, 286
Tails of comets, 182
Tamerlane, 107
Taurus (constellation), 103, 296–297, 307
"Tears of St. Lawrence," 273
Tebbutt's Comet, 257–258
Telescope, 33, 55, 107–108, 149;
first eclipse of moon seen through, 104;
of sun, 90
Telescopes, direct view reflecting, 114;
gigantic, 111;
great constructors of, 117–118;
great modern, 117–118
Tempel's Comet, 274
Temperature on moon, 203;
of sun, 128
Temporary (or new) stars, 310–314
Tennyson, Lord, 109, 296, 334
Terrestrial planets, 229–230
Terrestrial telescope, 117
Thales, Eclipse of, 84
Themis, 240
"Tidal drag," 180, 188, 208, 344
Tide areas, 179–180
Tides, 178–180, 338–339
Time Machine, 344
Tin, 145
Titan, 240
Titius, 245
Total phase, 71–72
Totality, 72;
track of, 66
Trail of a minor planet, 226–227
Transit, 62, 150–154;
of Mercury, 62, 151, 154;
of Venus, 62, 151–152, 154, 211
Trifid Nebula, 316
Triple stars, 300
Tubeless telescopes, 110–111, 243
Tubes used by ancients, 110
Tuttle's Comet, 274
Twilight, 167, 202
Twinkling of stars, 168
Twins (constellation). See Gemini
Tycho Brahe, 290, 311
Tycho (lunar crater), 204
Ulugh Beigh, 107
Umbra of sunspot, 134–135
Universe, early ideas concerning, 17–18, 158, 177, 342
Universes, possibility of other, 330–331
Uranus, 22–24, 31, 210, 243, 245, 275;
comet family of, 252;
discovery of, 22, 210, 243;
rotation period of 34, 245;
satellites of, 26, 245;
"year" in, 35–36
Ursa Major (constellation), 279, 281, 291, 295, 314;
minor, 177, 279, 293–294
Ursæ Majoris, (ζ) Zeta. See Mizar
Variable stars, 307–310
Variations in apparent sizes of sun and moon, 67, 80, 178
Vault, shape of the celestial, 194–196
Vega, 177, 278, 280, 282–283, 285, 290, 294, 302, 307, 323
Vegetation on Mars, 221, 217–218;
on moon, 205
Venus, 20, 22, 31, 71, 90, 108–109, 111, Chap. XIV., 246, 311;
rotation period of, 34, 155
Very, F.W., 314
Vesta, 225, 227
Violet (rays of light), 121–122, 125
Virgil, 19
Volcanic theory of lunar craters, 203–204, 214
Volume, 38
Volumes of sun and planets compared, 38–39
"Vulcan," 25
Wallace, A.R., on Mars, 220–223
Water, lack of, on moon, 201–202
Water vapour, 202, 213, 222
Wargentin, 103
Warner and Swasey Co., 117
Weather, moon and, 206–207
Weathering, 202
Webb, Rev. T.W., 204
Weight, 43, 165–166
Wells, H.G., 344
Whale (constellation). See Cetus
Whewell, 190
Willamette meteorite, 277
Wilson, Mount, 118
Wilson, W.E., 313
"Winged circle" (or "disc"), 87
Winter, 175, 178
Witt, 227
Wolf, Max, 226–227, 232
Wright, Thomas, 319, 334
Wybord, 89
Xenophon, 101
Year, 35
"Year" in Uranus and Neptune, 35–36
Year, number of eclipses in a, 68
"Year of the Stars," 270
Yellow (rays of light), 121–122, 124
Yerkes Telescope Great, 117, 303
Young, 94, 137, 166
Zenith, 174
Zinc, 145
Zodiacal light, 181
Zone of asteroids, 30–31, 227