Hadrian, the Emperor, wall of, 17.
Halidon Hill, the Scots defeated at, 234.
Harfleur taken by Henry V., 302;
secured by the Duke of Bedford, 303.
Harold Hardrada invades England, 94;
is slain at Stamford Bridge, 96.
Harold, son of Cnut, chosen king by the Mercians, 85;
death of, 86.
Harold, son of Godwine, earl of the West Saxons, 89;
rules England under Eadward, 90;
chosen king, 91;
his oath to William, 93;
marches into the North, 94;
defeats Harold Hardrada at Stamford Bridge, 95;
defeated and slain at Senlac, 98.
Harthacnut, chosen king of the West Saxons, 85;
comes to England, and dies, 86.
Hastings, battle of, see Senlac.
Hastings, John, claims a third of Scotland, 215.
Hastings, Lord, turns against Richard III., 339;
execution of, 340.
Heathfield, battle of, 46.
Heavenfield, battle of, 47.
Hedgeley Moor, battle of, 331.
Helie de la Flêche opposes William II., 121.
Hengist, traditional leader of the Jutes, 27.
Henry I. receives no land at his father's death, 114;
his wars with his brothers, 119;
accession and marriage of, 122;
puts down insurrections, 124;
conquers Normandy, 125;
his dispute with Anselm, ib.;
judicial reforms of, 127;
makes war in Normandy, 129;
loses his only son, 130;
death of, 131.
Henry II., early career of, 136;
marries Eleanor, 137;
character of, 138;
advances Thomas of London, 140;
administrative system of, 140-142;
appoints Thomas archbishop, and quarrels with him, 143;
draws up the Constitutions of Clarendon, 144;
persecutes Thomas, 145;
issues the Assize of Clarendon, 146;
renews the itinerant justices, and inquires into the conduct of the sheriffs, 148;
has young Henry crowned, 149;
uses strong language against Thomas, 150;
goes to Ireland, 151;
renounces the Constitutions of Clarendon, 153;
does penance, 154;
issues the Assize of Arms, ib.;
his domestic troubles, 155;
takes the cross and dies, 157;
his weakness on the Continent and strength in England, 158;
literary vigour under, 167.
Henry III., minority of, 185;
favours Poitevins under the influence of Peter des Roches, 187;
marries Eleanor of Provence and favours Provençals, 192;
frequently renews the Great Charter, 192;
quarrels with Simon de Montfort, 193;
surrenders Poitou, 194;
is opposed by Parliament, 195;
hopes to make his second son King of Sicily, 196;
misgovernment of, 197;
consents to the Provisions of Oxford, 198;
recovers power, 200;
taken prisoner at Lewes, 201;
last years of, 204;
progress of the country in the reign of, 206.
Henry IV., (see Derby) Earl of, claims the throne, 286;
meets with difficulties, 289;
leans on the Church, 291;
rebellion of the Percies against, 293;
keeps James I. as a hostage, 295;
suppresses a rebellion in the North, 296;
quarrels with the Prince of Wales, 298;
death of, 299. Henry IV., Emperor, resists Gregory VII., 108.
Henry V., career of, as Prince of Wales, 297-299;
domestic policy of, 299;
claims the crown of France, 300;
defeats the French at Agincourt, 302;
conquers Normandy, 303;
forms an alliance with the Duke of Burgundy, and is declared heir to the French throne, 306;
marriage and death of, ib.
Henry V., Emperor, marries Matilda, 131.
Henry VI., accession of, 307;
crowned at Westminster and Paris, 312;
marriage of, 317;
supports Somerset, 323;
insanity of, ib.;
recovery and renewed insanity of, 324;
second recovery of, ib.;
attempts to reconcile the parties, 325;
declared a traitor by Edward IV., 329;
restoration of, 333;
murder of, 334.
Henry VI., Emperor, his relations with Richard I., 161, 162.
Henry VII., as Earl of Richmond, genealogy of, 334;
invades England, 343;
defeats Richard III. and becomes king, ib.;
supported by the middle classes, 345;
suppresses Lord Lovel's rising, 346;
his relations with Brittany and France, 348;
assailed by Perkin Warbeck, 350;
sends Poynings to Ireland, 352;
restores Kildare to the Deputyship, 352;
secures Warbeck, ib.;
effects an alliance with Scotland, 356;
encourages maritime enterprise, 356;
fills his treasury, 357;
his alliance with the Archduke Philip, 358;
last years and death of, 358.
Henry of Blois, Bishop of Winchester, 131;
declares against Stephen, 134.
Henry of Trastamara, 255.
Henry, son of Henry II., coronation of, 149;
rebellion of, 153;
death of, 156.
Henry the Fowler, his mode of warfare, 79.
Hereford, Duke of, see Derby, Earl of.
Hereford, Earl of, see Bohun, Humfrey.
Heretics, Statute for burning, 292.
Hereward, rising of, 103.
Herrings, battle of the, 309.
Hexham, battle of, 331.
Hii, see Iona.
Hlaford, see Lord.
Homildon Hill, battle of, 293.
Honorius III., Pope, protects Henry III., 185.
Horsa, a traditional leader of the Jutes, 27.
Horses used to carry warriors to battle, 75.
House-carls, 83, 93.
Hrolf, Duke of the Normans, 80.
Hubert, Walter, administration of, 163;
death of, 177.
Hubert de Burgh holds Dover Castle, 185;
administration of, 186-188.
Hugh Capet, 80.
Hugh of Lusignan rises against John, 174.
Hugh the Great, Duke of the French, 63.
Hundreds, early political organisation of the, 31.
Hundred Years' War, the, 234.
Hundred-moot, the, organisation of, 31;
judicial functions of, 32;
gradual decay of, 72.
Huntingdon, David I. holds the earldom of, 132.
Hwiccas, the, split off from the West Saxons, 36.

Iberians, the, 5.
Iceni, the geographical position of, 8;
take part with the Romans, 13;
roused to insurrection by Boadicea, 15.
Ictis, probably identified with Thanet, 8.
Ida becomes king of Bernicia, 36.
Idle, the, Eadwine's victory on, 43.
Impeachment of Latimer and Lyons, 262;
of Suffolk, 322.
Inclosures, growth of, 320.
Ine, his rule in Wessex, 53.
Innocent III., Pope, influences the election of Stephen Langton, 177;
puts England under an interdict, and reduces John to submission, 178-180;
declares against the barons, 181-184;
establishes the Friars, 190.
Innocent IV. becomes Pope, 195;
wins over Henry III., 196.
Inquisition of the Sheriffs, the, 148.
Intercursus Magnus, the, 351.
Interdict, England under, 178.
Investiture, William I. claims the right of granting, 108;
Anselm's position with regard to, 125;
compromise on, 126.
Iona, missionaries sent forth from, 47.
Ireland, ancient language of, 7;
Druids in, 10;
Christianity introduced into, 47;
state of civilisation in, 151;
partially conquered by Henry II., 152;
results of the conquest of, 264;
weakness of the English colony in, 265;
under Lancaster and York, 346;
under Henry VII., 350, 351.
Ireland, Duke of (see Oxford, Earl of), supports Richard II., 279;
is condemned to death, but escapes, 280.
Isabella of Angoulême marries John, 174.
Isabella of Bavaria, Queen of France, takes part against her son, 306.
Isabella of France marries Edward II., 225;
obtains the deposition of her husband, 229;
gives power to Mortimer, 231;
is placed in seclusion, 232.
Isca Silurum, Roman colony of, 14;
martyrdom of Aaron at, 23.
Isle of Wight, Jutish settlements in, 28;
plundered by the French, 234.
Itinerant justices under Henry I., 127;
under Henry II., 148.

Jacquerie, the, 252.
Jacqueline of Hainault, marriage of, 308.
James I., king of Scotland, kept in custody by Henry IV., 295;
liberation of, 307.
James IV., king of Scotland, invades England, 352;
marries the daughter of Henry VII., 356.
Jerusalem captured by the Crusaders, 121;
captured by Saladin, 157;
Richard I. refuses to look at, 161.
Jews, the, encouraged by William II., 115;
protected by Henry I., 128;
massacre of, 160;
persecuted by John, 179;
banished by Edward I., 212.
Jews' House, the so-called, 170.
John, king of England, his misconduct in Ireland, 156;
leads the opposition to William of Longchamps, 161;
joins Philip II. against Richard, 162;
accession of, 173;
loses Normandy and Anjou, 174;
appoints an Archbishop of Canterbury, 177;
quarrels with the Pope, 178;
submits to the Pope, 180;
quarrels with the barons, 181;
confirms Magna Carta, 182;
makes war with the barons, 184;
dies, 185.
John, king of France, defeated at Poitiers, 251;
brought to England, 252;
is liberated, but returns to England and dies, 254.
John Ball, 268.
Judicial system of the early English, 31;
of Eadgar, 72;
of William I., 107;
of Henry I., 127;
of Henry II., 146.
Judith accuses Waltheof, 110.
Jury of presentment, 147.
Jury system, the, germ of, 147;
completed, 321.
Justices of the peace, the, origin of, 277.
Justiciar, institution of the office of, 116;
his position under Henry I., 127.
Jutes, probably ravage Roman Britain, 24;
subdue Kent, 27;
settle in the Isle of Wight and the mainland opposite, 28.

Kemp, Bishop of London, becomes Lord Chancellor, 309.
Kenilworth, Earl, Simon's castle at, 199.
Kenneth, king of the Scots, receives Lothian from Eadgar, 68.
Kenneth MacAlpin unites the Scots and Picts, 63.
Kent, foundation of the Jutish kingdom of, 27;
its inhabitants driven back by the West Saxons, 35;
Gaulish traders in, 38;
accepts Christianity, 39;
is kept by Lawrence from relapsing, 41;
comparative weakness of, ib.
Kent, Earl of (brother of Edward II.), execution of, 231.
Kildare, Earl of, supports the Yorkists, 347;
supports Lambert Simnel, ib.;
is deprived of the Deputyship for supporting Warbeck, 350;
restored to the Deputyship, 352.
Kilkenny, Statute of, 265.
King, authority of the, origin of, 33;
effect of the enlargement of the kingdoms on, 45;
increased importance of, 69;
limitations imposed by Magna Carta on, 182;
proposed administrative restrictions on, 195;
effect of the revolution of 1399 upon, 289.
King's Bench, Court of, 212.
Knights Bachelors, the, appeal to Edward, 199.
Knights of the shire first admitted to Parliament, 196;
later elections of, 200, 201;
importance of their conjunction with borough members, 245.
Kymry, the, origin of the name, 37;
share in the defeat of the Scots at Degsastan, 42;
are defeated by Æthelfrith near Chester, 43;
geographical dismemberment of, ib.;
in alliance with Penda, 46;
weakness of, 49;
see Welsh.

Labourers, Statute of, 248, 268.
Lambeth, ford over the Thames at, 20.
Lancaster, Duke of (John of Gaunt), makes unsuccessful war in France, 257;
heads the anti-clerical party, 260;
opposes the Black Prince, 262;
reverses the proceedings of the Good Parliament, ib.;
supports Wycliffe, 263;
takes the lead at the accession of Richard II., 266;
goes to Spain, 279;
marries Catherine Swynford, 282.
Lancaster, Earl of (Thomas), opposes Edward II., 225;
execution of, 228.
Lanfranc trusted by William I., 88;
becomes Archbishop of Canterbury, 106;
crowns William II., 114;
death of, 117.
Langland, William, 259.
Langton, Stephen, chosen Archbishop of Canterbury at Rome, 177;
allowed by John to come to England, 180;
produces a charter of Henry I., 181;
his part in obtaining the Great Charter, 182.
Latimer, Lord, impeached, 262.
Lawrence, Archbishop of Canterbury, keeps Kent Christian, 41.
Layamon's Brut, 207.
Leicester, Anglian settlement at, 36;
earldom of, inherited by Simon de Montfort, 193.
Leicester, Earl of, shares the Justiciar's office with Richard de Lucy, 140.
Le Mans, sieges of, 121.
Leo IX., Papacy of, 88.
Leofric, Earl of the Mercians, 85, 90.
Leofwine, Earl of the Mercians, 84.
Leofwine, son of Godwine, earl of the shires about the Thames, 90.
Leopold, Duke of Austria, imprisons Richard I., 161.
Lewes, battle of, 201.
Lewis III. (the Bavarian), Emperor, supports Edward III., 235.
Lilla gives his life for his lord, 44.
Limoges taken by the Black Prince, 257.
Lincoln (see Lindum), settlement of the Lindiswaras round, 28;
establishment of the see of, 107;
Stephen taken prisoner at, 135;
cathedral at, 171, 207.
Lincoln, Earl of, killed at Stoke, 347.
Lindiswaras, settlement of, 28;
possible advance of, 36.
Lindum, Roman city at, 20;
Anglian settlers round, 28.
Liveries, see Maintenance and Livery.
Llewelyn, career of, 140.
Loidis conquered by Eadwine, 43.
Lollards, the, rise of, 269;
Oldcastle's leadership of, 300.
Londinium, see London.
London, early importance of the position of, 20;
foundation of the bishopric of, 40;
its commercial position under the kings of Essex, ib.;
acquired and fortified by Ælfred, 62, 63;
attacked by Olaf Trygvasson and Svend, 79;
after the Conquest, 127;
supports Stephen, 131, 134;
submits for a time to Matilda, 135;
municipal organisation of, 169;
sends troops to the battle of Lewes, 201;
Wat Tyler in, 269;
Jack Cade in, 323;
Edward IV. in, 328.
London Bridge, building of, 272.
Long bow, the, see Archers.
Longchamps, William of, appointed a justiciar in the absence of Richard I., 159;
is banished, 161.
Lord, devotion of Gesiths to their, 30;
is expected to marry, ib.;
growth of his jurisdiction, 72.
Lords, House of, names the Duke of York Protector, 324;
decides on his claim to the crown, 329.
Lose-coat Field, 332.
Lothian, cession of, to Scotland, 68, 84.
Louis VI., king of France, makes war with Henry I., 129.
Louis VII., king of France, divorces Eleanor of Aquitaine, 137;
supports young Henry's rebellion, 153;
takes part in the second Crusade, 157.
Louis (afterwards Louis VIII., king of France) opposes John, 184;
expelled from England, 185.
Louis IX., Saint, king of France, surrenders territory to Henry III., 200;
mediates between Henry III. and the barons, ib.
Louis X., king of France, succeeded by his brother, 232.
Louis XI., king of France, succeeds his father, 332;
buys off Edward IV., 336.
Louis XII., king of France, invades Italy, 354.
Lovel, Lord, insurrection of, 345;
supports Simnel, and is defeated at Stoke, 346, 347.
Lucy, Richard de, joint justiciar with the Earl of Leicester, 140;
makes head against young Henry's rebellion, 153.
Ludlow, break-up of the Yorkists at, 326.
Lynn supports Stephen, 134.
Lyons, Richard, impeached, 262.

Mad Parliament, the, 198.
Magna Carta, 182;
partially renewed at the accession of Henry III., 185;
attitude of Edward I. to, 288.
Magnus, king of Norway, 85.
Maiden Castle, 4.
Maine conquered by William I., 91;
failures of William II. in, 121;
conquered by Philip II., 176;
surrendered to René by Henry VI., 317;
the English driven out of, 319.
Maintenance and livery, Statute against, 281;
increase of, 321;
measures of Henry VII. against, 345.
Malcolm, king of the Scots, his alliance with Eadmund, 64.
Malcolm III., Canmore, ravages England, 103;
submits to William I., 104;
death of, 119.
Malcolm IV. loses North-humberland and Cumberland, 140.
Man, Isle of, subdued by Eadwine, 43.
Manfred, king of Sicily and Naples, 195, 197.
Manor courts, 141.
Mantes burnt by William I., 114.
Manx, a Goidelic language, 7.
March, Earl of, see Edward IV.
March, Edmund Mortimer, Earl of, his claim to the crown, 287;
imprisoned by Henry IV., 291;
freed by Henry V., 299.
March, Roger, Earl of, grandson of the Duke of Clarence, named heir by Richard II., 287.
Margaret, daughter of Henry VII., married to James IV., 356.
Margaret of Anjou marries Henry VI., 317;
gives birth to a son, 323;
puts herself at the head of the Northern forces, 326;
defeats the Duke of York at Wakefield, and Warwick at the second battle of St. Albans, 328;
is defeated at Towton, 329;
is defeated at Hedgeley Moor and Hexham, 331;
reconciled to Warwick, 333;
defeated at Tewkesbury, 334.
Margaret, sister of Edward IV., married to Charles the Rash, 332;
protects Lord Lovel, 346.
Margaret, the Lady, 334.
Margaret, the Maid of Norway, 214.
Margaret, first wife of Malcolm Canmore, 119.
Marlborough, Statute of, 204.
Marriages of heiresses arranged by the lord, 117.
Marshal, Richard the, 188, 189.
Marshal, William, the, guardian of Henry III., 185.
Martin, Master, his exactions, 195.
Mary, heiress of Burgundy, 336;
marries the Archduke Maximilian, and dies, 337.
Maserfield, Oswald slain at, 48.
Massalia, tin-trade of, 8.
Matilda, daughter of Henry I., married to the Emperor Henry V., and to Geoffrey of Anjou, 131;
claims the crown, 134;
fails to maintain her claim, 135.
Matilda, wife of Henry I., see Eadgyth.
Maximilian I., Emperor, as Archduke, marries Mary of Burgundy, 337;
marries Anne of Brittany by proxy, 348.
Maximus leads an army out of Britain, 25.
Meaux besieged by Henry V., 306.
Mercenaries employed on the Continent by Henry II., 142;
temporarily brought to England, 153, 155;
employed by John, 182.
Merchant Adventurers, the, 356.
Merchant Gild, the, 169.
Mercia, first settlement of, 36;
comparative smallness of, 41;
unites with other districts under Penda, 46;
accepts Christianity, and rejects the supremacy of North-humberland, 48;
its relations with Ecgberht, 55;
its relations with Ælfred, 60;
under Leofwine, 84;
under Leofric, 85, 87;
under Ælfgar and Eadwine, 90.
Mercians, the, distinguished from the Middle English, 36.
Merciless Parliament, the, 280.
Merton College, foundation of, 207.
Middle English, the, first settlements of, 36.
Middle Saxons a branch of the East Saxons, 35.
Middlesex, Saxon settlement in, 35.
Ministerial responsibility, proposal to establish, 195.
Mirebeau, Eleanor besieged in, 174.
Mise of Amiens, the, 200.
Mohammedanism, origin and spread of, 54.
Molynes, Lord, ill-treats John Paston, 321.
Mona (Anglesey) conquered by Suetonius, 14.
Monasticism, character of early, 39;
converts made in England by, 40;
character of Irish, 47;
Benedictine, 128.
Monks contrasted with Friars, 191.
Montague, Lord, made Earl of North-humberland, 331;
is deprived of the earldom, 333;
turns against Edward IV., and is killed at Barnet, 332.
Montfort, de, see Simon de Montfort.
Morkere, becomes Earl of North-humberland, 90;
is present at Eadgar's election, 98;
submits to William, 102;
is banished, 103.
Mortimer, Edmund, see March, Earl of.
Mortimer, Roger, paramour of Queen Isabella, 229;
governs in the name of Edward III., 231;
is hanged, 232.
Mortimer, Sir Edmund, imprisoned by Glendower, 293.
Mortimer's Cross, battle of, 328.
Mortmain, Statute of, 212.
Morton, Thomas, Bishop of Ely, afterwards Cardinal and Archbishop of Canterbury, gives advice to Buckingham, 341, 342;
his 'fork,' 349.
Mount Badon, British victory at, 28.
Mowbray, Robert of, rebellion of, 120.