Danegeld, levy of, 81; abolition of, 143.
Danelaw, the, formation of, 59.
Danes, the, invade England, 58;
make peace with Ælfred, 59;
extent of the settlements of, 62;
are amalgamated with the English, 64;
relations of Dunstan with, 67;
reappear as invaders, 79;
conquer England, 81-83;
settle in Ireland, 152.
Darc, Jeanne, delivers Orleans, 310;
conducts Charles VII. to Rheims, 311;
martyrdom of, 312.
David I., king of the Scots, invades England, 131.
David II. (Bruce), king of Scotland, 232;
takes refuge with Philip VI., 234;
restoration of, 240;
taken prisoner at Nevill's Cross, 242;
restored by Edward III., 252.
David, brother of Llewelyn, executed, 140.
David, Earl of Huntingdon, 215.
David, St., piety of, 42.
Decorated style, the, 247.
Degsastan, Æthelfrith's victory at, 42.
Deira, formation of the kingdom of, 36;
is merged for a time in North-humberland, 41;
accepts Christianity, 46;
is finally merged in North-humberland, 48;
Danish kingdom of, 62, 63.
Deorham, battle of, 35.
Derby, Earl of (son of John of Gaunt), opposes Richard II., 279;
defeats the Duke of Ireland, 280;
becomes Duke of Hereford, and is banished, 283;
succeeds to the Duchy of Lancaster, 284;
and forces Richard II. to abdicate, 285;
see Henry IV.
Dermot invites Strongbow to Ireland, 152.
Despensers, the, 228, 229.
Deva, Roman colony of, 14, 19.
Devizes, surrender of the castle of, 134.
Dialogus de Scaccario, 167.
Diocletian reorganises the Empire, 22.
Domesday Book, 111.
Domestic life in Eadgar's time, 75.
Domfront occupied by Henry, 119.
Dominic, St., 190.
Dominicans arrive in England, 191.
Donald Bane made king of the Scots by the Celts, 119.
Dorchester, abandonment of the see of, 107.
Dorset, Marquis of, his relations with Richard III., 338.
Druids, character of the, 10;
resist Suetonius, 14.
Dublin, Danish settlement in, 152.
Du Châtel, Tannegui, murders the Duke of Burgundy, 305.
Du Guesclin, Bernard, supports Henry of Trastamara, 255;
his mode of fighting with the English, 256.
Dunbar, Balliol defeated at, 219.
Duncan II., king of the Scots, 120.
Dunstan, character and work of, 65;
banished by Eadwig, 67;
becomes Eadgar's Minister, ib.;
his attitude towards the monks, 68;
supports Eadward's succession, 78;
death of, 79.
Dupplin, Edward Balliol's victory at, 234.
Durham, architecture of the choir and galilee of, 171.

Eadgar, reign of, 67.
Eadgar, king of the Scots, 121.
Eadgar the Ætheling, early years of, 90;
chosen king, 98;
is abandoned, 100.
Eadgyth married to Eadward the Confessor, 87.
Eadgyth married to Henry I., 122;
is known as Matilda, 124.
Eadmund Ironside, 83.
Eadmund, king of East Anglia, killed by the Danes, 58.
Eadmund, king of the English, 63.
Eadred, king of the English, 64.
Eadward the Confessor, his life in Normandy, 85;
is chosen king, 86;
his relations with Godwine, 87;
makes William his heir, 88;
dies, 91.
Eadward the Elder, reign of, 62;
his relations with the Scots, 63.
Eadward the Ætheling, death of, 90.
Eadward the Martyr, 78.
Eadwig, reign of, 64;
his quarrel with the clergy, 65;
his marriage and death, 67.
Eadwine, king of North-humberland, greatness of, 43;
marries Æthelburh, 44;
is converted and slain, 46.
Eadwine, son of Ælfgar, becomes Earl of the Mercians, 90;
is present at Eadgar's election, 98;
submits to William, 102;
is murdered, 103.
Eadwinesburh, see Edinburgh.
Ealdhelm as a builder and teacher, 51.
Ealdormen, the, are the leaders of the English conquerors, 30;
preside over the folk-moot, 33;
growing power of, 73;
their position under Æthelred the Unready, 79.
Ealdred, Archbishop of York, crowns William I., 100.
Earl, title of, derivation of, 64.
Earldoms under Cnut, 83;
diminished after the Norman Conquest, 105.
Early English architecture, 171.
East Anglia, first settlement of, 28;
growth of, 36;
comparative weakness of, 41;
its relations with Ecgberht, 55;
overrun by the Danes, 58.
East Saxons establish themselves to the north of the Thames, 28;
capture London, 35;
see Essex.
Easter, dispute on the mode of keeping, 50.
Ebbsfleet, landing of the Jutes at, 27;
landing of Augustine at, 39.
Ecclesiastical courts, jurisdiction of, 106;
conflict of Henry II. with, 142.
Ecgberht, at the court of Charles the Great, 53;
becomes king of the West Saxons, and over-lord of the other kingdoms, 55.
Edinburgh, Eadwine builds the castle of, 43;
occupied by the Scots, 68.
Edmund Crouchback, second son of Henry III., named king of Sicily and Naples, 196;
supposed primogeniture of, 286.
Education in the time of Ælfred, 61;
in the time of Dunstan, 65;
carried on at Oxford, 167, 207.
Edward I., appeal of the Knights Bachelors to, 199;
taken prisoner at Lewes, 201;
defeats Earl Simon at Evesham, 203;
takes part in the seventh Crusade 204;
becomes king, 208;
constitutional position of, 209;
his dealings with Wales, 210;
finance of, 211;
judicial reforms and legislation of, 212;
arranges for a personal union between England and Scotland, 214;
erects the Eleanor crosses, 215;
awards the Scottish crown to John Balliol, 216;
his relations with Philip IV., 218;
summons the Model Parliament, 218;
his first conquest of Scotland, 219;
grants the Confirmatio Cartarum, 220;
his second conquest of Scotland, 221;
incorporates Scotland with England, 222;
his third conquest of Scotland, and death, 224.
Edward II., birth of, 210;
succeeds to the crown, 224;
marriage of, 225;
resistance of the barons to, ib.;
defeated at Bannockburn, 226;
overthrows Lancaster and effects a constitutional settlement, 228;
deposed and murdered, 229.
Edward III., accession and marriage of, 231;
does homage to Philip VI., 232;
sets up Edward Balliol in Scotland and begins war with France, 234;
allies himself with the Emperor and the cities of Flanders, 235;
encourages trade, 236;
is named Imperial Vicar, 237;
claims the crown of France, 239;
wins the battle of Sluys, ib.;
marches through the north of France, 240;
wins the battle of Creçy, 241, 242;
takes Calais, 243;
constitutional progress under, ib.;
restores David Bruce, 252;
makes peace with France, 253;
enters on a fresh war with France, 256.
Edward IV., as Earl of March, takes part in the battle of Northampton, 326;
wins the battle of Mortimer's Cross, and is acknowledged by the Londoners as king, 328;
wins the battle of Towton, and is crowned, 329;
marries Elizabeth Woodville, and promotes her kindred, 331;
allies himself with Burgundy, 332;
loses and recovers the crown, 334;
invents benevolences, 335;
invades France, 336;
puts Clarence to death, 336;
death of, 337.
Edward V. succeeds to the throne, 337;
lodged in the Tower, 340;
deposed, 341;
murdered, 342.
Edward, Prince of Wales, see Black Prince, the.
Edward, Prince of Wales, son of Henry VI., birth of, 323;
slain at Tewkesbury, 334.
Edward, Prince of Wales, son of Richard III., death of, 342.
Eleanor of Aquitaine marries Henry II., 137;
imprisonment of, 155;
takes part with John against Arthur, 174.
Eleanor of Castile, wife of Edward I., accompanies her husband on the Crusade, 204;
death of, 214.
Eleanor of Provence marries Henry III., 192.
Eleanor, sister of Henry III., marries Simon de Montfort, 193.
Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV., proposed marriage of the Dauphin to, 336;
proposed marriage of Richard III. to, 342;
marries Henry VII., 345.
Elmet conquered by Eadwine, 43.
Emma marries Æthelred, 81.
Empire, the Western, revived by Charles the Great, 55.
Empson and Dudley, exactions of, 357.
England, early social and political institutions of, 29-32;
contrasted with Gaul, 37;
commerce with Gaul renewed by, 38;
Christianity introduced into, 39;
growing power of three kingdoms in, 41;
character of the later conquests in, 44;
political changes in, 45;
spread of Christianity in, 49;
influence of Church Councils on the political unity of, 52;
Ecgberht's over-lordship in, 55;
attacks of the Northmen and Danes on, 56;
its condition under Ælfred, 60;
its relations with Scotland, 63, 68;
development of the institutions of, 69;
Danish conquest of, 79-83;
Norman conquest of, 96-103;
Norman constitution of, 113;
civil war in, 134;
pacification of, 137;
administrative reforms of Henry II. in, 140;
made tributary to the Papacy, 180;
military reforms in, 154;
effect of the reign of Henry II. on, 158;
constitutional result of the administration of Hubert Walter in, 163;
growth of learning in, 167;
growth of commerce in, 168;
architectural changes in, 170;
the Barons' Wars in, 200-203;
architectural and literary growth in, 206, 207;
complete national unity of, 208;
completion of the Parliamentary constitution of, 218, 220, 228, 243;
relieved of tribute to the Papacy, 258;
social and moral condition of, during the Wars of the Roses, 330.
England, the Church of, Wilfrid's influence on, 50;
parochial organisation of, ib.;
its close connection with the State, 52;
councils of, ib.;
organisation of, after the Norman Conquest, 106;
its relations with Stephen, 134;
and with Henry II., 149;
result of the Angevin reigns on, 166;
Papal exactions resisted by, 194;
payments exacted from, 197;
temporary Parliamentary representation of the clergy of, 219;
taxation resisted by the clergy of, 220;
social condition of, 236;
supports Henry IV., 291;
members of noble families in the episcopate of, ib.;
procures a statute for burning heretics, 292;
proposal to confiscate the property of, 294.
English, the, origin of the name of, 28;
nature of their conquest of Britain, 29;
village settlements of, ib.;
division of ranks among, ib.;
effect of the conquest of Britain on the language of, 31;
early political organisation of, ib.;
early judicial system of, 32;
position of, under William I., 104;
support William II., 115;
support Henry I. 124;
cease to be distinguished from Normans, 155;
reappearance of their language in literature, 207;
predominance of their language, 258.
Eorls, distinguished from Ceorls, 29;
their relation to Gesiths, 30.
Erse, a Goidelic language, 7.
Eskimos, compared with palæolithic men, 3.
Essex, Saxon settlement in, 28;
is dependent on Kent, and accepts Christianity, 40;
relapses into heathenism, 41;
comparative weakness of, ib.
Eustace, Count of Boulogne, visits Eadward the Confessor, 87.
Eustace, son of Stephen, death of, 137.
Evesham, battle of, 203.
Exchequer, the, organised by Roger of Salisbury, 127;
disorganised under Stephen, 134;
reorganised under Henry II., 140;
establishment of a separate Court of, 212.
Exeter taken by William I., 102.

Faddiley, battle of, 35.
Falaise, Treaty of, 154;
abandoned by Richard I., 159.
Falkirk, Wallace defeated at, 222.
Faukes de Breauté, banishment of, 187.
Ferdinand V., king of Aragon, marries Isabella of Castile, 349.
Ferry Bridge, skirmish at, 329.
Feudality, early forms of, 81;
after the Norman Conquest, 104;
organised by William I., 113;
Flambard's further organisation of, 116;
ideas of Edward I. on, 214.
Fitz-Osbern, William, oppresses the English, 102.
Five Boroughs, the, 62.
Flambard, Ranulf, tyranny of, 116;
imprisonment of, 122;
escapes, 124.
Flanders, commercial intercourse with, 211;
Edward I. in, 221;
alliance of Edward III. with, 235;
falls under the control of France, 278.
Flemings emigrate to Wales, 128;
introduced as weavers by Edward III., 236.
Folk-moot, functions of the, 33.
Fountains Abbey, 129.
France, social condition of, 235;
miserable state of, 251, 252;
friendship of Richard II. with, 282.
Francis of Assisi, St., 190.
Franciscans, the, constitution of, 190;
arrive in England, 191.
Frederick I., Barbarossa, Emperor, supports an anti-pope, 145.
Frederick II., Emperor, excommunication of, 194;
death of, 195.
Freemen, gradual disappearance of, 69.
French, the, Dukes of, 63;
Hugh Capet, king of, 80.
Friars, the, orders of, 190;
arrive in England, 191.
Fyrd, the, a general army of the villagers, 30;
Ælfred reforms, 60;
comparative disuse of, 69;
retained after the Norman Conquest, 106;
see Assize of Arms.

Gaelic a Goidelic language, 7.
Gainas, the, settlements of, 28.
Gainsborough, origin of the name of, 28.
Garter, the order of the, institution of, 246.
Gascoigne, Chief Justice, 299.
Gaul, trade of Britain with, 8, 12;
persistency of Roman civilisation in, 37;
renewal of trade with, 38.
Gauls arrive in Britain, 8.
Gaveston, Piers, favoured by Edward II., 224;
execution of, 226.
Geoffrey, Count of Anjou, marries the Empress Matilda, 131;
conquers Normandy, 136.
Geoffrey Fitz-Peter, Justiciar, 163.
Geoffrey, son of Henry II., marries the heiress of Brittany, 155;
dies, 156.
Gesiths, the, personal devotion of, 30;
their relation to the Ceorls, ib.;
their name changed to that of Thegns, 31.
Gewissas, the, combine with Jutes, 28;
see West Saxons.
Ghent, Jacob van Arteveldt at, 235;
Philip van Arteveldt at, 278.
Giraldus Cambrensis, 167.
Glanvile, Ranulf de, captures William the Lion, 154;
writes the first English law-book, 167.
Glastonbury, Dunstan, abbot of, 65;
proceedings of Dunstan at, 106.
Glendower, Owen, heads the Welsh, 293;
decline of the power of, 296.
Glevum (Gloucester), Saxon conquest of, 35.
Gloucester, Duke of (brother of Edward IV.), see Richard III.
Gloucester, Duke of, Humphrey (brother of Henry V.), appointed Protector, 307;
marries Jacqueline of Hainault, 308;
quarrels with Cardinal Beaufort, 309, 314;
his relations with Eleanor Cobham, 315;
advocates a war policy, 317;
death of, 318.
Gloucester, Duke of, Thomas, son of Edward III., heads the opposition to Richard II., 279;
driven from power, 280;
murdered, 282.
Gloucester, Earl of (Gilbert de Clare), allies himself with Earl Simon, 200;
becomes one of the three Electors, 201;
joins Edward against Simon at Evesham, 203.
Gloucester, Earl of, see Robert.
Gloucester, Earl of (Richard de Clare), quarrels with Earl Simon, 199;
joins Earl Simon, and dies, 200.
Gloucester, see Glevum.
Godfrey of Bouillon, 121.
Godwine becomes Earl of the West Saxons, 84;
supports Harthacnut, 85;
charged with the murder of Ælfred, 86;
governs under Eadward, 87;
outlawed, 88;
return and death of, 89.
Goidels, the, a branch of the Celts, 6;
languages spoken by the descendants of, 7.
Good Parliament, the, 262.
Granada, conquest of, 349.
Graupian Hill, the, battle of, 17.
Great Council, the, composition of, 113;
urges William to name an archbishop, 117;
summoned to Rockingham, 118;
becomes unimportant under Henry I., 126;
frequently consulted by Henry II., 141;
meets at Clarendon, 144;
remonstrates with Henry III., 188, 192;
refuses money to Henry III., 194;
begins to be known as Parliament, 195;
see Parliament.
Gregory I., Pope, finds English slave-boys at Rome, 28;
sends Augustine to England, 39.
Gregory VII., Pope, his relations with William I., 107.
Gregory IX., Pope, demands money from England, 194.
Grey, John de, nominated Archbishop of Canterbury by John, 177;
unpopularity of, 178.
Grey, family of, favoured by Edward IV., 331.
Grey, Sir Thomas, execution of, 301.
Grossetête, Robert, Bishop of Lincoln, opposes Henry III., 194, 195;
death of, 197.
Gualo, legate of Honorius III., 185.
Guthrum defeats Ælfred, 58;
makes peace at Wedmore, 59;
cedes London to Ælfred, ib.;
extent of the kingdom of, 62.
Gwledig, British title of, 26;
title thought to have been assumed by Eadwine, 44.
Gwynnedd under Cædwalla, 46.
Gyrth, Earl of East Anglia, 89.