Baldwin, Robert, Canadian reformer, 342, 350, 364; portrait of, 365
Ballads of French Canada, 450-453
Bank of England, 468
Barre, La, Canadian Governor, 195
Batoche, fight at (in 1885), 397
Beaujeu, Captain de, defeats Braddock, 230
Beauséjour, Fort, 229; captured by English, 230
Bedard, French Canadian journalist, 313, 314
Bering Sea question, 324
Biard, Father, Jesuit missionary, 61, 64
Biencourt, son of Baron de Poutrincourt, 60; his Acadian career, 60-65, 94; death of, 94
Bienville, father of Louisiana, 225
Big Bear, Indian chief, 395, 398
Bigot, Canadian Intendant, his crimes, 249; punishment of, 267
Binyon, Laurence, 466
Borden, Sir Robert, 464, 468, 473, 475
Boston, City of, founded, 100
Bougainville, siege of Quebec, 253, 254, 256; his later career, 253
Boundaries of Canada under Quebec Act, 266, 277; treaty of peace of 1783, 289; in 1842 (Ashburton treaty), 375; in 1856 (Oregon), 375; after confederation in 1867, 380; in 1896, 4, 5
Bourgeoys, Margaret, founder of Congregation de Notre-Dame in Canada, 136
Bourgoyne, General, defeated at Saratoga, 288
Bourlamaque, General, 248, 254
Bowell, Mackenzie, Canadian premier, 394, 415
Braddock, General, defeated at Monongahela, 230
Brant, Joseph ("Thayendanegea"), Mohawk chief, 298-300; autograph and portrait of, 299
Brantford, named after Indian chief, 300. See Brant
Brebeuf, Jean de, Jesuit Missionary, 86; his heroism and death, 142; relic of, 143
Bressani, Jesuit Missionary, 138
Brion, Seigneur de, French Admiral, 32
British Columbia, scenery of, 16, 17; history of, 404, 405; enters Canadian confederation, 406; Indians of, 402
British North America Act of 1867, unites Canadian provinces, 374, 428
British troops and warships withdrawn, 433
Brock, Major-General, during war of 1812; defeats Hull, 322; dies at battle of Queenston Heights, ib.; portrait of, 323; monument to, 336
Brockville, city of, 324
Brodeur, Hon. Mr. L. P., 433
Brown, George, Canadian journalist and statesman, 372; political career, 372, 406-408; his part in confederation, 372, 410, 412; autograph and portrait of, 409; monument to, 413
Bruce, John, at Red River (1869), 388
Brulé, Etienne, Indian interpreter, 81, 84, 85
Bullion, Madam de, founder of Montreal Hôtel de Dieu, 134
Cabot, John, discovers North American Continent, 21-23
Calèche in French Canada, 443
Callières, Canadian governor, 204; makes peace with Iroquois, ib.
Campbell, Sir Colin, Governor of Nova Scotia, 362
Campbell, W. Wilfred, Canadian poet, 181
Canada, divisions of, 1-18; name of, 7; discovery of, 34, 35; river of, 35; Quebec, ancient capital of, 70; government of, under France, 156-167; ceded to England, 263; military régime of, 268; political state from 1763, 338-379; confederation of, 370-374, 391, 392, 404; railway building, 416; canals and waterways, 418; growth of manufacturing industries, 419, 420; bounty system, 419; population of, in 1908, 424, 425; French population of, 425; intellectual progress of, 425-429; revenue and expenditure, 425; government of, 426-429, relations with England, 428-429; awakening of national consciousness, 432; treaty-making power still withheld from, 433; map of (1643), 44; (1745), 221; (1896), opposite p. 1. See French Canadians
Canadian Air Board, 480
Canadian Manufacturers' Association, 422
Canadian Pacific Railway, 392, 396, 414, 417
Canals of Canada, 358
Cape Breton, Island of; discovered, 23-26; named Île Royale, 210; ceded to England, 215; restored to France, 219; ceded again to England, 264; government of, under France, 210, 211; part of Nova Scotia, 303. See Louisbourg
Card money of French Canada, 162
Carignan-Salières regiment, 152, 166
Carleton, General (Sir Guy), at siege of Quebec, 250; Canadian Governor, 277; saves Canada, 280, 283-287; becomes Lord Dorchester and again Governor, 301
Caroline, burning of steamer, 354
Caron, Sir Adolphe, 396
Cartier, Jacques, his voyages, 30-46; autograph and portrait of, 31; discovers Canada, 34; first map of his discoveries, 44; death of, 46
Cartier, Sir George, Canadian statesman, 372; his character and services to Canada, 408-412; autograph and portrait of, 411; monument to, 413
Cartwright, Sir Richard, Canadian statesman, 298
Cascade Mountains, 17
Cataraqui (Kingston), 184
Cayngas, division of Iroquois Confederacy, 118. See Iroquois
Celéron, in the Ohio Valley, 223
Chaleur, Bay of, discovered, 32
Champlain, Helen, wife of Samuel Champlain, 77
Champlain, Lake, name of, 73
Champlain, Samuel, 48; first autograph and portrait of, 69; founds Quebec, 70; battles with the Iroquois, 72-75, 81-85; first visit to the Ottawa region, 78-80: his lost astrolabe, 79; discovers Lake Huron (mer douce), 82; surrenders Quebec to Kirk, 88; returns to Canada, 89; death of, 90; his services to Canada, 91; visit to Canada, 149
Chansons of French Canada. See Ballads
Charlottetown, city of, founded, 311
Chartres, Fort, on the Illinois, 224
Chateau St. Louis, history of, destroyed by fire, see frontispiece
Chateauguay, battle of, 328; monument of, 337
Cheveux Relévés, 116
Chippawa-Queenston Canal, 476
Chrystler's Farm, battle of. See War of 1812
Clergy Reserves, 346; settled, 367
Coalition Government, 467, 475
Cobalt, 463
Colbert, French Minister of State, 152-156
Colborne, Sir John, Commander-in-Chief during Canadian rebellion of 1838, 352-357
Commons. See House of Commons
Compagnie des Cents Associés, 86; charter revoked, 152
Confederation of Canada, 370-374, 380, 391, 392, 404, 406
Congregation de Notre Dame, founded, 136
Conscription, 467
Constitutional Act of 1791, 303-305; operation of, 309-315, 338-358
Constitution of Dominion of Canada, 426-429
Constitution of Provinces of Canada, 426, 427
Convents in Canada, founded, 130 et seq.
Cortereal, Caspar and Miguel, Portuguese voyagers, 24
Cosa, Juan de la, Spanish pilot, his map of 1500, 23, 25
Costabelle, M. de, first governor of Cape Breton, 210
Côtes, 166
Coudres, Isle de, named, 35
Courcelles, M. de, Canadian governor, 153
Coureurs-de-bois, 170-176
Craig, Sir James, Canadian governor, 312-314
Crerar, Hon. T. A., 475
Crévecour, Fort, on the Illinois, 186
Crowfoot, Indian chief, 397
Carrie, General Sir Arthur, 465
Cut-Knife Creek, fight at (in 1885), 397
Dairying, 423
Daniel, Father, Jesuit missionary and martyr, 142
D'Aunay, Chevalier, 98; his feud with Charles de la Tour, 99-105; death of, 105; marriage of his widow, 106
Dauphin map (1543), 44
D'Avaugour, Baron, Canadian governor, 160
Davin, Nicholas F., 458
Dawson, Dr. G. M., Canadian scientist, 401
"Découverte, La Nouvelle," by Father Hennepin, 187
Demobilization, 469
Demons, Isle of, 46
Denonville, Marquis de, Canadian governor, 195
Denys, Nicholas, in Acadia, 97, 106
Detroit, history of, 207, 223, 270-272, 274
Devonshire, Duke of, 474
Diamond, Cape, 44
Diamond Jubilee, 423
Dieskau, Baron, defeated by Johnson, 231
Dingley Act, 431
Disarmament Conference, 475
Dollard, Sieur des Ormeaux, his heroism, 151
Dominion Police, 481
Dominion of Canada. See Canada.
Donnacona, Indian King of Stadacona, 36, 42, 43
Dorchester. See Carleton
Doukhobors, 425
Druillètes, Gabriel, Jesuit missionary, 139, 140
Drummond, General, wins battle of Lundy's Lane, 331
Dufferin, Lord, Canadian governor, 380, 394
Duhaut, La Salle's murderer, 190
Duluth, Daniel Greysolon, 176, 187
Dumont, Gabriel, half-breed leader in second Red River Rebellion, 395, 397
Duquesne, Canadian governor, 223
Durham, Lord, Canadian governor, 355; his report on Canadian affairs, 340, 356, 361
Earthquake of 1663 in Canada, 151
Eboulements, Les, 151
Education in Canada, 358, 359, 368, 425-428
Edward (Lyman), Fort, 222
Elections, 1900, 1911, 1917, 1921, 460, 463, 467, 475
Elgin, Lord, Canadian Governor, 363
England and Canada, relations between, 428-429
Eries ("Racoons"), 117
Etchemins ("Canoemen"), 114
Falkland, Lord, Nova Scotian Governor, 362
"Family Compact," 344; broken up, 355
Farming, the most important industry, 422-423
Fenian Raids, 378
Fielding, Mr. W. S., 433
Fish Creek, fight at (in 1855), 396; monument to dead, 400
Fisheries of Canada, 324, 335, 375, 424
Fitzgibbon. See War of 1812
Five Nations. See Iroquois
Forbes, General, 243; in Ohio Valley, 246
Foster, George A., Canadian statesman, 298
Fréchette, Louis, French Canadian poet, 181; his portrait, 449
Frederic (Crown Point), Fort, 222
Free Land, 482
Free libraries, 426
French Canada. See French Canadians
French Canadians, language of, 435-438; villages of, 439-442; attachment of, to Roman Catholic religion, 438-440, 447; habits of, 446; literature of, 448; feelings of, towards England, and confederation, 454-456
Frog Lake Massacre (in 1885), 395
Frontenac, Count, Canadian Governor, 194-204; character of, 193; repulses Phipps at Quebec, 199-201; humbles Onondagas, 203; death of, 204; autograph and statue of, 193
Frontenac, Fort, 184, 195, 196, 246; destroyed, 247
Fruit-growing, 423