opinion in Gibbons v. Ogden, 343-45.
Martin, Luther, 18, 177.
Martin v. Hunter's Lessee, 335-36.
Maryland, commercial differences with Virginia, 27-28;
ratifies the Constitution, 41;
taxes branch bank, 337.
Mason, George, 34.
Massachusetts, disorders in, 19-20;
Shays' Rebellion, 20-22;
ratifies the Constitution, 41;
refuses call for militia, 213;
calls Hartford Convention, 224;
dispatches commissioners to Washington, 227;
suffrage in, 305.
Mediterranean Fund, 144.
Methodism, in New England, 247;
in the West, 301-02.
Metternich, Prince, and the Holy Alliance, 291-92.
Migration, inter-state, after the Revolution, 13-14;
after the War of 1812, 246-47.
Milan Decree, issued by Napoleon, 188;
withdrawn, 200.
Militia question, in Massachusetts, 213, 223.
Miranda, Francisco, 70.
Missionary enterprises, 288.
Mississippi, admitted as a State, 25;
suffrage in, 303.
Mississippi River, navigation of, 16, 87, 229.
Missouri, admission as a State, 277, 279;
electoral vote in 1820, 280.
Missouri Compromise, the, 277.
Missouri controversy, political aspects, 274-75;
and public opinion, 275;
constitutional aspects, 276-77;
settlement, 277, 279.
Monroe, James, Minister to France, 94-95;
recalled, 95;
and the purchase of Louisiana, 149-50;
Minister to England, 183-84;
candidate for the Presidency (1808), 194;
elected President (1816), 244;
on internal improvements, 258;
and General Jackson, 260-63;
reëlected President (1820), 280;
on recognition of South American republics, 290;
on Canning's overtures, 294;
re-drafts message, 295;
message of 1823, 295-96;
vetoes Cumberland Road Bill, 309;
pardons Pennsylvania militiamen, 334-35.
Monroe Doctrine, genesis of, 289-95;
in the President's message, 295-96;
Canning on, 296;
implications of, 296-97, 322.
Moore, Thomas, on American letters, 123.
Morfontaine, Treaty of, 104, 146.
Mormonism, rise of, 302.
Morris, Gouverneur, in Federal Convention, 35-36;
on the Constitution, 331.
Morris, Robert, Superintendent of Finance, 5.
Napoleon Bonaparte, concludes convention with United States, 146;
acquires Louisiana, 146;
sends Leclerc against Santo Domingo, 146;
sells Louisiana to United States, 149-50;
his Berlin Decree, 187;
his Milan Decree, 188;
sequesters American vessels, 189-200;
and the embargo, 191-92;
revokes decrees, 200.
National Gazette, Republican newspaper, 65.
National Road, construction of, 256;
appropriations for, 258;
bill for collection of tolls on, 309.
Naturalization Act, of 1798, 109;
of 1801, 135-36.
Navigation laws, want of power in Congress to pass, 7;
of the States, 8;
passed by Congress (1789), 51;
and shipping, 124.
Navy of the United States, in 1798-99, 101;
under Jefferson, 133;
in Tripolitan War, 144-45;
in the War of 1812, 212-30, passim.
Navy Department, established, 101.
Neutrality, proclamation of, 72-73.
Neutral trade. See Commerce.
New England Confederacy, projected in 1804, 163-66.
New England Federalism, characteristics of, 161-63;
and the embargo, 192-93, 195-96.
New Hampshire, ratifies the Constitution, 41;
on assumption, 60;
and the Hartford Convention, 224.
New Jersey, and its neighbors under the Confederation, 8;
ratifies the Constitution, 41.
New Orleans, battle of, 227.
Newspapers, character of, in 1800, 107, 110, 112;
founding of, 112.
New York, treatment of the Tories in, 4;
ratifies the Constitution, 42-43;
settlement of western, 248;
constitution of 1821, 304-05.
New York City, and Western trade, 255-56;
as a literary center, 286.
Nicholson, Joseph, and the impeachment of Pickering, 139;
on the nature of impeachable offenses, 140.
Nominating methods, changes in, 305, 307, 308.
Non-Importation Act of 1806, 181, 188.
Non-Intercourse Act of 1809, 196;
evasions of, 198-99;
enforcement of, 198-99;
revived against England, 201.
Nootka Sound affair, 69.
North American Review, founded 283-84.
North Carolina, and the Watauga settlers, 14-15;
rejects the Constitution, 44;
ratifies the Constitution, 55.
Northwest, receives settlers from New England, 13-14, 247;
from the Middle States, 248;
from the South, 248-49;
commerce of, 252-54.
Ohio Company, origin of, 10-11;
concessions of Congress to, 11-12;
begins colonization, 13.
Ohio, taxes branch Bank of the United States, 268;
seizes funds, 340;
forced to make restitution, 341.
Olmstead, Gideon, claimant in federal courts, 333-34.
Onis, Luis de, Spanish Minister to the United States, 262-64.
Orders in council, of 1783, 3;
of 1793-94, 77-78;
of 1807, 188;
withdrawal in 1812, 210.
Ordinance of 1784, 9;
of 1785, 10;
of 1787, 12-13.
Oregon, joint occupation of, 259.
Otis, Harrison Gray, 225.
Palfrey, John G., 287.
Panama, Congress, invitation to, 320-21;
opposition in Congress to, 322-23;
fate of the mission, 323.
Paper money, continental, 5;
state, 17-18.
Paris, Treaty of, aftermath of, 1-2.
Parsons, Samuel, 11.
Party, deprecated by Washington, 108;
identified with faction, 108-09;
rights of, in opposition, 114;
place of, in popular government, 119.
Party organization, 107, 305, 307.
Pasha of Tripoli, 143, 145.
Paterson, William, in the Federal Convention, 31-32.
Patronage. See Appointments.
Pennsylvania, and the Federal judiciary, 333-35.
Perry, Oliver H., wins naval supremacy of Lake Erie, 217.
Philadelphia, as the seat of government, 119-20;
as a literary center, 123;
and Western trade, 254, 256.
Pickering, John, impeachment of, 138-39.
Pickering, Timothy, Secretary of State, 103, 113;
on the Louisiana Treaty, 156;
plots a New England confederacy, 164;
opposes the embargo, 193;
secessionist in 1814, 225.
Pike, Zebulon M., expeditions of, 153.
Pinckney, Charles, and the election of 1800, 117.
Pinckney, Charles C, Minister to France, 95;
commissioner to France, 96;
and the X Y Z affair, 98-99;
appointed major-general, 102;
candidate for the Vice-Presidency (1800), 116;
candidate for the Presidency (1804), 167;
candidate for the Presidency (1808), 194.
Pinckney, Thomas, concludes Treaty of San Lorenzo, 87;
candidate for the Vice-Presidency (1800), 92-93.
Pinkney, William, Envoy to England, 181;
negotiates treaty, 184;
takes abrupt leave, 201;
on the admission of Missouri, 276-77;
influence at the federal bar, 333.
Pittsburg, distributing center in the West, 254.
Plattsburg, battle of, 221-22.
Port Folio, Dennie's, 283.
Postal service in 1800, 106.
Posts, retention of Western, 17, 68, 79, 84.
Potomac, navigation of, 16, 27-28;
location of the capital on, 60-61.
Preble, Edward, and the Tripolitan War, 145.
Prescott, William H., 287.
Presidency, created in the Federal Convention, 34-35.
President, appointing and removing power of, 52.
President, American frigate, 202.
Presidential elections, of 1788, 48;
of 1792, 66-67;
of 1796, 92-94;
of 1800, 115-17;
of 1801, 118-19;
of 1804, 167;
of 1808, 193-94;
of 1812, 216-17;
of 1816, 243-44;
of 1820, 280;
of 1824, 312-13, 316;
of 1825, 314.
Prevost, Sir George, 221-22.
Privateers, in the War of 1812, 218-19.
Prophet, the, 205.
Public domain, origin of, 8.
Quids, followers of Randolph, 170.
Rambouillet, decree of, 199-200.
Randolph, Edmund, in the Federal Convention, 30-31;
Attorney-General, 55;
on the French treaties of 1778, 73.
Randolph, John, position in the House, 134;
in the Chase impeachment, 139-41;
and the Yazoo controversy, 169-70;
and the purchase of Florida, 171;
and the indictment of Burr, 177;
derides the Non-Importation Bill, 181;
on the cause of the War of 1812, 213;
on the Tariff of 1816, 237;
on state rights, 243;
on the Tariff of 1828, 330.
Rapp, George, 302.
Relief Act of 1821, 269.
Republican court at Philadelphia, 119-20.
Republican party, origin of, 64-67.
See also Presidential elections.
Revivals in New England, 288.
Rhea letter to General Jackson, 261.
Rhode Island, opposes changes in the Articles of Confederation, 6;
paper money craze, 18-19;
out of the new Union, 44;
ratifies the Constitution, 55;
and the Hartford Convention, 224.
Right of deposit at New Orleans, 87;
withdrawn, 148.
Roane, Spencer, resists judgment in the case of Martin v. Hunter's Lessee, 336;
attacks the federal judiciary, 338-39.
Robertson, James, 14, 68.
Rodgers, John, 201, 202.
Rose, George, 186-87.
Rule of 1756, 76-77, 179-80.
Rush, Benjamin, Minister to England, 259;
Canning's overtures to, 294.
Russell, Jonathan, commissioner at Ghent, 227.
Russia, offers to mediate in 1813, 227;
and the Holy Alliance, 291;
and intervention, 292;
claims on the Pacific Coast, 293;
concludes the Treaty of 1824, 296.
Rutgers v. Waddington, 4.
Rutledge, John, 54.
St. Clair, Arthur, Governor of Northwest Territory, 14;
defeated by the Indians, 70.
San Lorenzo, Treaty of, 87.
Santo Domingo, negro republic, 146;
resists French expedition, 146-47.
Scioto Company, land grants to, 11-12.
Scott, Winfield, 220.
Sedition Act, prosecutions under, 114.
Seminole War, 260-262.
Sevier, John, 15, 68.
Shaker Societies, 302.
Shays' Rebellion, 20-22.
Shipping, of the United States, during the European wars, 124, 126;
after the Treaty of Ghent, 234.
Simcoe, J. G., 80.
Slater, Samuel, 124.
Slavery, debated in Congress, 270-271, 277;
in Missouri, 270;
extent in 1789, 271-272;
decrease in North, 272;
recognized by the Constitution, 272-73;
congressional legislation on, 273-74;
and the Missouri Compromise, 277.
Slave trade, acts relating to, 273;
extent of, 273;
forbidden by the Act of 1807, 273-74;
extent of, after 1808, 274.
Smith, Joseph, 302.
Smith, Robert, 140, 198.
Smith, William, 105.
Somers, Richard, 145.
South, effect of cotton gin upon, 250;
extention of cotton growing in, 251-52;
becomes the market for Northwest, 252-53.
South American republics, recognition of, 289-91.
South Carolina, ratifies the Constitution, 41.
Southwest, colonization of, 14-15, 249-52;
commerce of, 15-16;
a frontier society, 251-52;
diverges from Northwest, 252.
Spain, disputes the line of 1783, 16-17;
in the Southwest, 68, 70;
concludes Treaty of San Lorenzo, 87;
withholds posts, 97;
cedes Louisiana to France, 146;
retains the Floridas, 159;
menaced by the United States, 170-72;
threatens hostilities, 173-74;
in East Florida, 260;
protests against Jackson's invasion, 262;
cedes the Floridas to the United States, 264;
loses her American colonies, 289-90;
invaded by France, 292.
Specie payment, suspension of, 239;
resumption of, 240-41.
Speculation, in Western lands, 10-12, 26-27;
in government paper, 58;
in bank stock, 63-64.
Squatter, the, 251-52.
State banks, increase of, 239;
notes of, 266.
Steamboat, on Western waters, 253-54.
Story, Joseph, and Marshall, 333;
appointed Associate Justice, 335;
on criticism of the judiciary, 339-40;
opinion in Martin v. Hunter's Lessee, 335-36.
Stuart, Gilbert, 285.
Supreme Court. See Federal judiciary.
Survey Bill, vote in Congress on, 309.
Symmes, John C., land grants to, 11, 12;
begins colony, 14.
Talleyrand-Périgord, C. M., urges acquisition of Louisiana, 98;
and the X Y Z affair, 98-99;
to the American commissioners, 100;
and the retrocession of Louisiana, 146;
and the cession of Louisiana to the United States, 149-50;
on the boundaries of the province, 159.
Tallmadge, James, 270, 271.
Tariff Act, of 1789, 50-51;
of 1816, 237-38;
of 1824, 310-13;
of 1828, 328-30;
Tariff of Abominations. See Tariff Act, of 1828.
Taylor, John, on agriculture at the South, 126;
on the Louisiana Treaty, 156;
on state rights, 339.
Taylor, John W., 271.
Tecumseh, 205, 218, 219.
Tennessee, settlement of, 14;
intrigues in, 68;
admitted as a State, 92.
Thames, battle of the, 218.
Thomas, Jesse B., 275-76.
Ticknor, George, 287.
Tippecanoe, battle of, 206.
Tocqueville, De, on equality in America, 300;
on the character of Western society, 301.
Tonnage dues, 51, 124.
Tories, persecution of, 3-5.
Toussaint L'Ouverture, 146.
Tracy, Uriah, on the Louisiana Treaty, 155-56;
on a New England confederacy, 164.
Trade. See Commerce.
Transportation, in 1800, 105.
See also National Road, Canals, Internal improvements, etc.
Travel, difficulties of, about 1800, 105-06;
improvement after the War of 1812, 255.
Treasury, Secretary of, bill to establish, 52;
reports of, 56-62.
Treaty-making power, debated in House,