A prophecy of the priest Pech, which is perhaps the one here referred to, appears in several of the Books of Chilan Balam, and also Spanish translations of it in the Histories of Lizana and Cogolludo, and a French version in Brasseur’s report of the Mission Scientifique au Mexique, etc.

The text is quite corrupt, but I insert it as I have emended it from a comparison of three copies.

U Than Ahau Pech Ahkin.

The Word of the lord Pech, the Priest.

The only line in which I have taken much liberty with the text is the fifth, where, after the word kue, one MS. reads: yok taa ba akauba, and another, yok lac kauba, neither of which is intelligible.

If the date assigned in these lines be a correct one, they were delivered by the prophet in 1469. It is not impossible. The words are obscure and the prediction so indistinct that it might quite well have been made by an official augur at that time.

Maya
English31. Nachi Cocom, head of the ancient and powerful Cocom family, ruled at Zotuta when Montejo made his settlement at Merida, and was a determined enemy of the Spaniards. He was defeated in 1542, in a sanguinary battle, and then accepted terms of peace. I have in my possession the copy of a survey which he made of the lands of the town of Zotuta in 1545, when he was evidently on good terms with the Conquerors.

Maya
English32. The names Chan, Catzim and Chul belong to well known ancient Yucatecan families, and many who bear them are still found among the natives (Berendt, Nombres Proprios en Lengua Maya, MS.)

Maya
English33. The day One Imix was a day of peculiar sanctity in ancient Yucatan. Landa makes the rather unintelligible assertion that the count of their days, or their calendar, invariably commenced on that day (Relacion, p. 236).

Imix is the 18th day of the month, and it is possibly that it and the two following days were used for intercalary days.

More to the purpose of explaining the prophecy in the text is the statement of Francisco Hernandez, who, as reported by Bishop Las Casas, relates that in the mythology of the Mayas, the god or gods Bacab, those who support the four corners of the heaven and who are identified with the “year bearers” or Dominical days of the calendar, died on the day One Imix, and after three days came to life again. (Las Casas, Historia Apologetica de las Indias Occidentales, cap. CXXIII.) This has reference apparently to the intercalary days Imix, Ik, and Akbal, which were counted so as to allow the next Kin Katun period to begin on I Kan. I have explained this theory fully in a paper, “Notes on the Codex Troano and Maya Chronology,” in the American Naturalist, Sept. 1881. Naturally this was supposed by the Spanish missionaries to be a reference to Christian traditions.

Ca tip u chemob, when the ships were rocking; tipil represents the slipping and sliding movement of a partially submerged or hidden body; thus the beating of the heart and the pulse is tipilac. Ca yumtah banderas ob, when the banners waved; yumtah is to swing to and fro as a hamack or a flag. Piixtahob, from pixitah, to unreel or reel off yarn, etc., from a spindle. I suppose it refers to letting go the anchor.

The derivation of the name Yucatan here given is interesting, for several reasons. In the first place, it makes it evident that Pech did not believe it was an abbreviation of Yucalpeten (see ante, page 255). Again, although it has very often been stated that the name arose from a misunderstanding of some native words by the Spaniards, there has been no uniformity of opinion as to what these words were. Several of the phrases suggested have been such as have no meaning in the Maya tongue; (see full discussions of the question in Eligio Ancona, Historia de Yucatan, Vol. I, pp. 219, 220, and Crescencio Carrillo, Historia Antigua de Yucatan, cap. V.) As given by Pech it is perfectly intelligible and good Maya. Without syncope it would be “Matan ca ubah a than” shortened to “Ma c’ubah than, “We do not understand your speech.” Pech is in error, however, in supposing that the name arose on the arrival of Montejo; it was in use immediately after the expedition of Cordova (1517), and if Bernal Diaz was correct in his recollection, was applied to the land by the Indians Cordova brought back to Cuba with him from the Bay of Campeachy. (See Bernal Diaz, Historia Verdadera de la Conquista de Nueva España, cap. VII.)

Maya
English34. This is no doubt the same occurrence which is described at considerable length by Cogolludo, Hist. de Yucatan, Lib. III, cap. VI. But the details differ very much and the names of the messengers and the chief to whom they were sent are not identical. I believe this discrepancy can be explained, but it would extend this note too far to go into the subject here. The word yacatunzabin, which Avila renders “en dicha cueva,” seems a compound of y, actun, zabin. The last is the name of the weasel; actun means both a cave and a stone house. By some it is supposed to be a compound of ac, tortoise, and tun, stone, a cave resembling a hollow tortoise shell.

Maya
English35. Yoklal maix u lukul yol nacomob, “porque no se cansaban los capitanes” (Avila).

Maya
English36. Pech adds a list of the names of Conquistadores which I have not inserted, as it is less complete than that found in Cogolludo.

Maya
English39. Ma u manbal cuntahbalob u cħinal; Avila translates this “that they shall not destroy”; but the word cuntahbal, from cun, cumtah, means that which is to be enchanted, and cħinal is the throwing of stones. I suppose, therefore, it refers to some act of shamanism the design of which was to injure a neighbor.

VOCABULARY.

• Ac, n. A turtle; a turtle shell.
• Actun, n. (From ac, turtle shell, tun, stone.) A cave; a stone house.
• Ah, A prefix signifying possession or action; also sign of masculine. See pp. 28, 57.
• Ahau, n. (From ah, prefix, and u, collar? See p. 57.) A ruler, chief, king; a period of time.
• Ahbalcab, n. The coming dawn. “Quiere amanescer.” Dicc. Motul.
• Ahez, n. (From ah, prefix, ezah, to show, to feign.) A sorcerer, magician.
• Ahkin, n. (From ah, and kin, the sun, day, etc.) A priest.
• Ahkulel, n. (From ah and kulel, to arrange business, etc.) A lieutenant, deputy. pp. 27, 247.
• Ahoni, n. Well-dressed persons. p. 173.
• Ahpul, n One who carries or bears.
• Ahpulul, n. He or that which is carried or brought.
• Ahtepal, n. A ruler, governor.
• Ahtohil, n. A lover of justice; a righteous man.
• Ahuitzil, n. Mountaineers. p. 131.
• Ak, n. Osiers, willow branches. “Ramo de miembre.” Pio Perez. Dicc.
• Akab, n. Night, the night time.
• Al, n. Son or daughter of a woman. Yal, her son.
• Alah, v pres. alic, fut. alab. To speak, say, tell, order.
• Alau, A numeral. p. 46.
• Anahte. n. A book. p. 64.
• Atan, n. Wife.
• Auat, v. aor. autah, fut. auté. To shout, to sing. “Dar gritos.”

B

• Bahun, adv. How much.
• Bak, n. 1. Meat, flesh; the private parts. 2. The number 400. 3. The turn of a rope around anything. 4. In composition, an intensive particle, or conveys the idea of enveloping with cords.
• Bal or Baal, n. Thing, business, matter.
• Balam, n. A tiger; a priest. p. 69.
• Baalcah, n. The town and its inhabitants; the world. “El mundo con los que en el viven.” Dicc. Motul.
• Ban or Banban, adv. Much, too much.
• Batab, n. Chief, ruler. See p. 26.
• Be or Bel, n. A path, a road; a business; condition; history.
• Beltah or Beel or Betah, v. aor. tah, fut. té. To do, to make.
• Binel, v. irreg. aor. bini, fut. binxic. To go.
• Bolon, Nine.
• Botah, v. To pay.
• Buc, n. Covering, clothing.
• Buluc, Ten.
• Buul, n. A broad bean.

C

• Ca, adv. Then, when. conj. And. pron. We. adj. Two.
• Caan, n. The sky, the heavens.
• Cab, n. 1. Land, earth. p. 106. 2. Honey; a hive.
• Cacab, n. A town and the land belonging to it; a township, commune.
• Cah, n. A town, village.
• Cah, part. A suffix and sign of the present and imperfect tenses, p. 29.
• Cahal, n. A town, village. v. To reside, live in or at.
• Cahtal, v. aor. cahlahi, f. calac. To live, dwell, reside.
• Cal, n. Throat, neck; voice; in compos. an intensive particle.
• Calab, A numeral. p. 45.
• Cambezah, v. To teach, to instruct.
• Can, n. 1. Conversation, talk. 2. The generic name for serpents. 3. The number four. 4. A gift or present.
• Can, v. aor. tah, fut. té. To converse, to tell stories. aor. ah, fut. é. To teach, to impart information; to give another a contagious disease.
• Can, part. in compos. Strongly, powerfully, as cankax, to tie very firmly.
• Canantah, v. To watch, to guard over.
• Canlaahal, v. To learn about.
• Caputzihil, n. Baptism (ca, twice, zihil, to be born; an ancient word; see Landa, Relacion, p. 144).
• Catac, conj. And; used to connect numerals. p. 49.
• Caten, adv. The second time. Tu caten, for the second time. (From ca, two.)
• Catul, adv. Two. Tu catulli, both, the two.
• Caua, conj. And, then.
• Cax, n. A fowl, a hen.
• Caxan, v. aor. tah, fut. té. To seek, to find, to hunt for.
• Caxtun, adv. Then, be it so, thus.
• Ceh, n. A deer.
• Cen, v. irreg. aor. cihi, fut. ciac. To say, to tell.
• Ci, Cici, part. These prefixes mean pleasant, agreeable; originally, what is pleasant to taste.
• Cibah, v. aor. cibhi, fut. cibic. To wish, to permit, to dare. U cibah ua a yum. Did your father permit it?
• Cicithan, n. (From cici, pleasant, than, words.) Words of love or blessing.
• Ciciol, n. (From cici and ol.) Joy, pleasure, peace, happiness.
• Cii, n. The pulque liquor. See p. 22.
• Cill, n. Delight, pleasure.
• Cilich, adj. Saintly, holy.
• Cob, v. 3d pl. pres. indic. of cen.
• Cimil, v. To die.
• Coch, in comp. Conveys the notion of extending or broadening.
• Cochhal or Cochlahal, v. To make broad, to extend, to spread out.
• Cuch, n. 1. Position, place. 2. Burden, load; met. sin. 3. Goods, possessions, treasures.
• Cuch, v. aor. ah, fut. é. 1. To carry, to bear along. 2. To govern a town or state.
• Cuchcabal, n. A province, region; the family, people or subjects of one ruler.
• Cuchhab, n. The year-bearer or Dominical sign. p. 52.
• Cuchi. Sign of past tense. p. 29.
• Cuchul, n. The family or retainers of one person. “La familia ó gente que uno tiene en su casa.” Dicc. Motul.
• Cul, n. A vase or cup.
• Culcinah, v. To appoint, to promote, to establish; culcintahaan, appointed or promoted to an office or dignity.
• Cultal or Cutal, v. aor. culhi, fut. culac. To sit down, remain, be present, be at home, etc.
• Culul or Cuulul or Culicil, v. To rest or stop; to reside, to settle down.
• Cum or Cuum, n. A vase, jar.
• Cumcintah, v. To prepare for use, to put in order. Probably a form of culcinah.
• Cumlaahaal, v. To stop, to check.
• Cumtal, v. aor. lahi, fut. ac. To set up, to put in a place.
• Cun or Cunah or Cunal, n. Enchantment, sorcery, conjury. Au ohel ua u cunal cħuplal? Do you know the conjury of a woman? Dicc. Motul (i. e., to make her submit to the will of a man).
• Cuntabal, Passive supine; from cunah, to conjure.
• Cutz, n. The wild turkey,

• Chac, n. Water, rain, a giant, a god. adj. red. In comp. much or very.
• Chacaan, n. Something plain, open, visible.
• Chacanhal, v. To become visible, to show itself.
• Chahal, v. To lose strength, to weaken.
• Chakan, n. A savanna. p. 125.
• Chapahal, v. To sicken.
• Chayanil, n. The rest, the remainder.
• Che, n. A tree; wood; adj. wooden.
• Chem, n. A boat, a ship.
• Chen, adv. Solely, only, merely.
• Chenbel, adv. Vainly, fruitlessly.
• Chi, n. The mouth; a border, limit, edge; a bite, as u chi pek, the bite of a dog.
•      verb, to bite, to eat.
• Chicilbezah, v. To set landmarks, to point out.
• Chichcunah, v. To strengthen, to fortify.
• Chichcunahthan, v. To support another’s words, to agree with, to act in concert with. p. 107.
• Chicul, n. A sign, mark, token.
• Chikin, n. The West.
• Chicpahal, v. aor. pahi, fut. pahac. To find, to discover, to recover that which is lost; “parecer lo perdido.” Pio Perez, Dicc.
• Chilan, n. An interpreter, p. 69.
• Chin, v. aor. ah, fut. é. To stone, to throw stones at.
• Chin, adj. A term of endearment.
• Chinchin, v. To incline, lean over, be out of line.
• Choy, n. A bucket; choyche, a wooden bucket.
• Chuuc or Chuc, v. aor. ah, fut. é. To grasp, seize, to take possession of.
• Chucan, n. Completeness, sufficiency, abundance.
• Chuccabil, n. A province, district.
• Chul, n. A flute.
• Chulub, n. Rain water; reservoirs.
• Chun, n. Foundation; trunk (of a tree); beginning; cause.
• Chunbezah, v. To cause, to occasion, to begin.
• Chunthan, n. (From chun, first, than; speech, he who speaks first.) A principal, a presiding officer.

Cħ

• Cħaa, or Cħtaab, v. aor. cħaah, fut. chaé. 1. To take, to carry; to carry off; hence to kill. 2. To recover that which is lost.
• Cħahucil or Cħuhucil, n. Sweets.
• Cħeen, n. Lowland; well. pp. 33, 125.
• Cħibal, n. Lineage, generation.
• Cħuplal, n. Woman, girl.
• Cħuytab, v. To hang.

E

• Et, A particle indicating similitude. As a verb, to hold alike in the two hands. Hence, eta, friend; etel, companion; etan, wife; etcah, fellow townsman; yetel, and, with, etc.
• Ez, n. Enchanter, sorcerer.
• Ezah, v. To show, to make public; to imitate, feign. Ezabil, what is to be or should be shown or published.

H

• Haa, n. Water.
• Haab, n. Year. p. 50.
• Haban, n. Branch, twig. p. 126.
• Hach, adv. Much, very.
• Hahal, adj. and adv. True, truly.
• Halach, adj, and n. True, truth; halach than, an oath; halach uinic. p. 26.
• Halal, n. The cane.
• Hanal, v. aor. hani, fut. hanac. To eat.
• Haual, v. aor. haui, fut. hauac. To cease, to stop.
• Hayal, v. To level with the ground, to destroy; from hay, thin, flat; hence hayalcab, the final end and destruction of the world.
• Heɔ or Eɔ, v. aor. ah, fut. é. To fix firmly, to establish, to found; to select a site.
• Heɔcab, v. To fix or establish promptly; “poner ó afirmar ó asentar de presto alguna cosa que quede ferme.” Dicc. Motul.
• Hicħcal, v. To tie up by the neck, to hang.
• Hiɔ or Hiɔil, n. The close or last of the week, month, or year, as u hiɔil buluc ahau katun, the last day of the eleventh Ahau katun. Chilan Balam.
• Ho, adj. Five.
• Hokol, v. aor. hoki. To set out for, to go out from; of seeds, to sprout; of the beard, etc., to begin to grow.
• Hokzahuba, v. To take oneself away from.
• Hol, n. The end of anything, hence the door of a house, the gate of a town, the mouth of a bag or jar, a hole, an aperture; verb, sensu obscœno, to seduce a girl, to penetrate her. Dicc. Motul.
• Holcan, n. A warrior; adj. brave, valiant.
• Holhaa, n. A seaport. See haa.
• Holpay, n. A seaport. See pay.
• Holpop, n. A chieftain (from hol and pop, mat); “he who is at the end or head of the mat.”
• Hom, n. A trumpet.
• Hoppol, v. To begin.
• Hun, adj. One.
• Hunakbu, n. The one God.
• Hunkul, adv. Once and forever, really, permanently.
• Hunmol, adj. United together, congregated in one place
• Hunten, adv. On one occasion, at one time.
• Huun, n. A book. p. 63.

I.

• Ich, n. 1. Face; eyes; twins; surface. 2. Fruit; longing; color.
• Ich, prep. In, into, within.
• Ilah v. aor. ilah, fut. ilé. or ilab. To see, to look at, to visit, to test, to try.
• Ix, fem. prefix. See page 28; conj. and also n. urine.
• Ixim, n. Maize.
• Ixmehen, n. A daughter.

K.

• Kaan, n. A measure. p. 27.
• Kab, n. The hand, the arm.
• Kaba, n. A name. See p. 26.
• Kabanzah, v. To give a name.
• Kah, n. Pinole, meal of roasted maize, used for stirring in water to drink.
• Kahal, v. To remember, recall.
• Kahlay, n. Memory, memorial, record.
• Kak, n. Fire; also a febrile disease.
• Kaknab, n. The sea, the ocean.
• Kal, n. A score. p. 39; verb, to imprison.
• Kam or Kamah, v. To accept, receive; to take possession of.
• Kan, adj. Yellow. n. The name of the first day of the Maya month.
• Kat, v. To wish, to desire. To ask, to ask for, to inquire.
• Katun, n. A body of warriors; a period of time. p. 58.
• Kax, n. Forest, woods.
• Kaxah, v. To join, unite, tie together.
• Kay or Kayah, v. To sing.
• Keban, n. Sin, evil.
• Kebanthan, v. To plot evil, to calumniate; to commit treason; “kebanthanil, traicion.” Dicc. Motul.
• Kilacale, n. Ancestors.
• Kin, n. The sun; a day; time.
• Kinchil. A numeral. p. 46.
• Koch or Kooch, v. To carry on the shoulders as a burden, hence, fig. n. obligation, fault, sickness.
• Kohan, n. Sickness.
• Ku, n. God, divinity.
• Kubulte, n. Delivery, deposit.
• Kuchul, v. aor. kuchi, fut. kuchuc. To arrive, to come to.
• Kul, in comp. much, very; kulvinic. pp. 133, 164.
• Kuna, n. (From ku, god, na, house). A temple, a church.
• Kuuch, n. Cotton threads.
• Kuxil, n. Aversion, disgust, annoyance; verb, to feel disgust at.
• Kuyan, adj. Consecrated to God, holy.

L

• Lahal, v. To finish, to end.
• Lahca. Twelve.
• Lahun. Ten. p. 38.
• Lai or Lay, rel. and dem. pron. This, that, these, those, which, what, etc.
• Lak, n. Companion, neighbor.
• Lic or Licil, rel. In which, by which.
• Likil, v. To rise, to raise; as likil katun, to begin war.
• Likin or Lakin, n. The East.
• Likul, prep. From, out of.
• Likzah, v. To lift up, to raise; likzahuba, to raise oneself.
• Loh, v. To redeem, to set at liberty.
• Lohil, n. The Redeemer, the Saviour.
• Lukanil, n. That which is set apart or separated.
• Lukul, v. aor. luki, fut. lukuc. To leave a place, to depart from, go out of.
• Lukzah, v. To free, to separate from; lukzahuba, to quit, to abstain from.

M

• Ma, adv. No, not. From this are the negatives, matan, not, emphatic; mato, matac, maina, not even; maix, matla, neither; mamac, no one; manan, without, etc.
• Mac, rel. pron. Who.
• Maccah, v. To obstruct, close up roads, etc. Hence macan p. p. p. that which is obstructed.
• Mach, v. aor. ah, fut. é. To take with the hand, to hold in the hand.
• Mactzil, adj. Marvelous, miraculous; n. a miracle, an act of Providence. (From mac, most, and tzibil, to be obeyed or reverenced.)
• Mak, v. To eat soft things, to eat without chewing.
• Mal or Malel, v. aor. mani, fut. manac. To pass.
• Manak, n. A sign or mark.
• Manal, adv. Too much, in excess.
• Manbal, adv. Nothing.
• Mat, v. To receive, obtain.
• Maya, n. Derivation of. p. 16.
• Mayacimil, n. The pestilence. p. 132.
• Mazcab, n. A prison, gaol.
• Mazeual, n. Vassal, servant. Nahuatl, maceualli.
• Mehen, n. A son.
• Mek, n. An armful, hence
• Mektantah, or Mektanma, v. To hold in one’s power, to rule, govern.
• Mektancah, n. Jurisdiction, municipality.
• Mektanmail, n. A ruler, governor.
• Mentah, v. To make, manufacture.
• Menyah, v. To work, serve. n. Work, service.
• Met, n. A wheel. p. 86.
• Mex or Meex, n. The beard.
• Meyah, v. To serve, to labor for one.
• Minantal, v. p. p. minaan. To lack, to be absent or wanting, not to have.
• Molcintah, v. To gather together, join, unite.
• Moltah, v. To gather around.
• Mothtal, v. To humble, to submit.
• Muk, n. Fortitude, bravery.
• Muktan, v. To suffer with fortitude.
• Mul or Mol, part. in comp. Jointly, in common.
• Mulba, v. To congregate, to come together.
• Multepal, v. To rule or govern jointly. p. 131.
• Muz, v. To cut.

N

• Na, n. A house, not designating whose.
• Naat, v. To know, understand.
• Nacal, v. To ascend. p. 28.
• Nachi, adv. Far off, distant.
• Nacpalancal, v. To grope, to feel one’s way.
• Nah, v. To suit, wish, desire; nahuba, to suit, etc., for oneself.
• Nak, n. The abdomen, belly, the end; verb. to end, finish; to join, to stick; tu nak, at the end, near, close to.
• Nakal, v. To approach, to join on.
• Nant, v. See Naat.
• Noh, adj. Great, large.
• Nohkakil, n. Smallpox. p. 132.
• Nohoch, adj. Great, large.
• Nohol, n. The South.
• Nuc, adj. Great, large.
• Nuc, v. To answer; n. an answer.
• Nuctah, v. To understand, perceive.
• Nucté, adj. Old, ancient; nucteel, the elders and leading men of a town.
• Nucul, n. Signification, meaning; manner, form, figure.
• Numya, n. Toil, misery, unhappiness.
• Nucahthan, v. To reply, to answer.
• Nupthan, n. Companion, associate.

O

• Oc, n. The foot; yooc his foot, their feet.
• Oca or Ochaa or Ocolha, (From v. ocol, to enter, haa, water,) To baptize.
• Ocnakuchil, n. A pestilence. p. 151.
• Ocol, v. aor. oci, fut. ococ. To enter; also sensu obscœno.
• Ohel, v. aor. tah, fut. té. To know, to recognize.
• Ol, n. Mind, intention, will.
• Olah, v. To wish, to desire; n. will, goodwill, wish.
• On, pron. We.
• Ontkin, adv. For a long time.
• Op or Oop, n. The anona, custard apple.
• Otoch, n. House, dwelling, denoting whose. p. 106.
• Ox, adv. Three; oxlahun, thirteen. p. 130.

P

• Pa or Paa, n. A walled town, stronghold, fortress. p. 163.
• Pa, v. To break, break down, destroy.
• Pach, To take possession of, to select a place.
• Pach, n. The back of the shoulders; the outer or back part; hence, the last or end of anything; tu pach, behind, after.
• Pachal, adv. Afterwards, late.
• Paiche, n. A mark, a line.
• Pak or Pakil, n. A wall of stone, verb, aor. ah, fut. é. To found, build, sow, plant; hence
• Pakal, n. A building, founding, etc.
• Pakte or Pakteil, adv. All together, in all.
• Palil, n. A servant, man-servant.
• Pan, n. Standard, banner.
• Patan, n. Tribute, tax; from paatah, to watch, to guard.
• Patcunah, v. To declare, set forth, explain; n. an explanation, etc.
• Paxal or Paaxal, v. aor. xi, fut. xac. To forsake, abandon, desert, depopulate; “desamparar y despoblar pueblo.” Dicc. Motul.
• Pay, n. The sea-coast.
• Pay, v. aor. tah, fut. té. To draw or call toward one, hence, payal, to be called or summoned.
• Paybe, n. (From pay, and be, a road). A guide; hence, adv., first, before.
• Pek, n. A dog.
• Pet, n. A circle, wheel.
• Peten, n. An island, country, province. p. 122.
• Pic. A numeral. p. 45.
• Pix or Piixtah, v. To unwind, to cast anchor.
• Pixan, n. Soul; happiness; adj. happy.
• Pol. n. Head; hair.
• Puchtun, n. Fighting, quarreling.
• Puczical, n. Heart; mind, will, soul.
• Pul, v. To bring, to carry. Ahpulul, one who brings.

Pp

• Ppatal, v. To remain, to stay.
• Ppiz, n. A measure of grain, etc.
• Ppoc, n. A hat.
• Ppul or Ppuul, n. An earthen jar.

T

• Taab, n. Salt.
• Tab, v. To tie together; hence
• Tabal, n. Relationship; anything attached to or dependent on another.
• Tabzah, v. To deceive, to delude, to tie.
• Tah, adv. Whence, whither, thence, to, unto. pron. For us, for our part.
• Takal, v. To stick to; to add to, to increase.
• Tal, prep. From; tii tal en, I am from there. Dicc. San Francisco.
• Tal, v. aor. ah, fut. é. To touch, to begin to take; to make use of.
• Talel, v. aor. tali, fut. talae or tae. To come, to go.
• Tamuk, adv. While, when.
• Tan, n. The breast; hence, the middle of anything; as tan cah, the middle of the town. p. 132.
• Tan, postposition. Toward, as lakintan, toward the East.
• Tancabal, n. The premises of a house; a house and its grounds.
• Tancoch, n. A half (from tan, and cochil, the width, the size of a thing).
• Tec, adv. Quickly, suddenly.
• Tem or Temah, v. To satisfy, please.
• Ten, pron. I. Ten c en, I who am I.
• Tepal, v. To rule, govern.
• Than, n. Word, speech.
• Thun, n. A drop, a spot, a dot.
• Ti, prep. To, by, for; sign of dative and ablative.
• Tiihil, v. To happen there, to take place there.
• Tipp, v. To exceed in size; to go forth from; as tippan kin, the sun having appeared.
• Toc or Tooc, v. aor. tocah, fut. é, To burn.
• Toch, adj. Severe, firm, rough.
• Tocoyna, n. A deserted house or field; “solar yermo.” Dicc. Motul.
• Toh, adj. Just, righteous; ahtohil, a magistrate.
• Tohyol, adj. Healthy, well (from toh, ol).
• Tox, v. To pour out; tox haa ti pol, to pour water on the head, i. e., to baptize. Dicc. Motul. Toxol, the person baptized; also a distribution or outpouring, as toxol cahob, a distribution of towns to different rulers.
• Tul, adj. Full, abounding. p. 39.
•      verb. To fill to overflowing, to rise (of the tide). For tutul see p. 109.
• Tulpach, v. To go back, to return.
• Tulum, n. A wall, walled town. p. 163.
• Tumen, prep. For, by reason of, because of.
• Tun, n. A stone. A euphonic particle. p. 124.
• Tux or Tuux, adv. Where, in what part or place.
• Tuzebal, adv. Promptly.
• Tuzinil, adv. All, in all parts.
• Tzac, v. To seek, to follow.
• Tzen, n. Food, sustenance; hence,
• Tzentah, To give food to.
• Tzicil, v. To obey, to serve.
• Tzimin, n. A horse.
• Tzol, n. A string, thread; hence, verb, to arrange on a string, to put in order, to adjust; tzolan, an arrangement, series, order.
• Tzuc, n. A part, division. p. 54.
• Tzucub, n. A province.

U

• U, n. The moon; a month; menstrual period; a string of beads, a collar; rosary. pron. His, her, its, their. Also a euphonic particle before vowels.
• Uaatal, v. To set up, erect.
• Uabic, adv. How, in what manner.
• Uac, Six.
• Uacchahal, v. To emerge with force. p. 185.
• Uacuntah, v. To set on end, to put in place; to designate, appoint; uacuntahbal, the putting in place, etc.
• Uah, n. Tortilla, bread; uahal uahob. p. 129.
• Uahil, n. Banquet; guest.
• Ualac, adv. While, meanwhile.
• Ualkahal, v. To turn oneself, to return.
• Uaxac, Eight.
• Uay or Uai, adv. Here, in this place.
• Uazaklom, n. A return, p. 86.
• Ubah, v. To hear, understand.
• Uchebal, conj. In order that.
• Uchul, v. aor. uchi, fut. uchuc. To happen, to occur, take place, come to pass.
• Uinalal, n. Labor, work.
• Uinbail, n. Image, figure.
• Uinic, n. Man; a measure, p. 27.
• Uitz, n. A mountain, a hill. p. 131.
• Ulul, v. To arrive, return.
• Ulum, n. A bird, a pheasant.
• Uooh, v. To write, p. 63.
• Utial, prep. For, on account of.
• Utz, adj. Good; utzil, the good, the well-being.
• Utzcinah, v. To make better, to perfect; to compose a speech or essay; to set in order.
• Utzuac, adv. Now, be it now.
• Uuc. Seven.
• Uuɔ, n. A folding, doubling; a line of warriors.

X

• Xachetah, v. To seek, to procure.
• Xamach, n. A large pot or jar.
• Xaman, n. The North.
• Xan, n. Straw; conj. also adv. slowly.
• Xantal, v. aor. xanhi fut. xanac. To stay behind, to remain.
• Xenhi, v. To vomit.
• Xic, v. To split, to divide.
• Xicin, n. The ear, the hearing.
• Ximbal, v. to journey, to pass.
• Xiu, n. Grass, herbage, name of a noble family. p. 109.
• Xma, prep. Without.
• Xocol, v. To count, to read.
• Xotlahal, v. To cut.
• Xul, n. End, limit; v. to end, also xulul.

Y

• Ya, n. 1. Love 2. Pain, wound, sickness. 3. Difficulty. 4. A shoe.
• Yaab, adj. Much, abundant: yaabil, abundance, multitude.
• Yacunah, v. To love.
• Yah or Yaah, n. Severe sickness.
• Yala, The rest, remainder.
• Yalan, prep. Under, beneath.
• Yan or Yanhal, v. To have, to be, to stand.
• Yax, adv. First, freshly; adj. green, young.
• Yaxchun, n. The beginning, cause.
• Yetel, conj. And, with, a compound of u etel, his or its companion, usually abbreviated to y.
• Yib, n. A bean.
• Yic, n. Red peppers.
• Yok, prep. On, over, in front of.
• Yoklal, prep. By reason of, because of.
• Yokolcab, adv. On the earth, in the world.
• Yol, n. Mind, spirit.
• Yxma, prep. Without, =xma.
• Yub, n. Cloak, coat.
• Yum, n. Father; lord; ruler; head of a family.
• Yum or Yumtah, v. To wave, to move to and fro.

• Ɔa v. aor. ɔaah, fut. ɔaé or ɔaab. To give; ɔabal, past part. pas. that which is to be given.
• Ɔa, v. To avail, to be of advantage.
• Ɔaleb, n. A seal, mould, press.
• Ɔan, v. To devastate, ruin.
• Ɔaɔ, v. To suck; ɔaɔopob, suckers of anonas, a name given to the Spaniards.
• Ɔiboltah, v. To desire, wish for.
• Ɔib or Ɔibah, v. To write.
• Ɔicil, n. Bravery; encouragement.
• Ɔilibal, n. A register, record.
• Ɔoc, n. The end, the last. v. To happen, to occur; to tear down. adv. Already.
• Ɔoocol, v. To end, finish.
• Ɔuɔ, v. To kiss, to suck.
• Ɔuunɔucil, adj. Made of mud, or plastered.
• Ɔul, n. A foreigner, stranger. p. 131.
• Ɔunul, v. To make a beginning.
• Ɔuɔucinzah, v. To act mildly and kindly; from ɔuɔ, to kiss, to suck.