principio m. beginning

prisión f. prison, arrest

privado favorite

privanza f. favor at court; administration (of arbitrarily appointed official)

privar enjoy privileges of favorite

pro: en ~ de in behalf of

probar irreg. prove

proceder proceed

proceder m. procedure, conduct

procesión f. procession

producir irreg. produce, cause

profundo, -a profound, deep

prohibición f. prohibition, interdict

prole f. offspring; race, children

prolijo, -a prolix, long-winded

promesa f. promise

prometer promise

prontitud f. promptness

pronto, -a ready, swift, prompt; al pronto at first

pronto soon, quickly, promptly; ~ y clarito straight out, frankly

pronunciar pronounce

propicio, -a propitious

propio, -a own, same, self; natural; particular; becoming, proper; amor propio self-respect, conceit

proseguir irreg. pursue, continue

proteger protect

proveer irreg. provide

provincia f. province, dependency

provocar provoke, stir, arouse

próximo, -a nearest, next

prudencia f. prudence, moderation

prudente prudent

prueba f. proof

público, -a public; ~ y notorio generally known

pueblo m. people, populace

puerta f. door, gate

puerto m. port, haven; salir a ~ seguro reach a safe port, come out all right

pues since, because, then, as; well, why; ~ que since

puesto, -a (pp. irreg. of poner) placed; ~ en alto raised, raised on high; ya ~ la tiene he is wearing it already

puesto m. place

pulla f. witty saying, jest; dig

punta f. point

punto m. point, moment, matter, object; a ~ on the spot; al ~ immediately

puntual punctual, prompt

puñal m. dagger

puñalada f. dagger-blow

puño m. fist, hand; de ~ propio in his own handwriting

puro, -a pure, mere, sheer; chaste que who, which, that; el ~ he who, who, which; la ~ she who, who, which; lo ~ that which, what

que for, because, that, since; as, than

¿qué? which, what; por ~ why; ~ de what

¡qué! what, why, what a; ~ tan what a, what

quebranto m. breaking, grief; damage

quedar remain, stay, be left; be; ~ se remain, be

quedo, -a quiet, still, gentle

quedo slowly

quemar burn

quemarropa: a ~ point-blank

querella f. complaint

querer irreg. wish, want, be willing, like, try; ~ a love; ~ decir mean

querido, -a (pp. of querer) beloved, loved

Quevedo proper name

quiebra f. crack, fissure, fracture

quien who, whom; the one who, he who etc.; por ~ soy on my honor

quién who? ~ otro pudiera would it were another; ~ para ~ man to man, on equal footing

quieto, -a quiet, still

quimera f. an impossibility which suggests itself to the mind as possible, chimera, futile idea, dream

quince fifteen

quitar take away, take off, ward off; ya no quitáis ni ponéis you can neither ruin me nor make me now

quizás perhaps rabia f. rage, anger

rabiar rage, suffer great pain

radiante radiant, brilliant

raíz f. root

rama f. branch; andar por las ~ s beat about the bush

ramal m. branch, division

rápidamente rapidly, quickly

rapidez f. rapidity

raquítico, -a rickety, feeble

raro, -a rare, strange; ¡cosa más rara! how strange!

rasgar tear up

rastrojo m. stubble

rato m. while, short space of time

ratón m. mouse

rayo m. ray; thunderbolt

raza f. race, family

razón f. reason, intellect, argument, explanation; right, justice; way, method; es ~ it is right

real real; royal

rebozado, -a (pp. of rebozar) muffled; disguised

rebozar muffle; disguise

recado m. message, errand, outfit; ~ de escribir writing materials

recalcar emphasize

recaudo m.: a buen ~ well guarded, in safe keeping

recelo m. misgiving, fear, suspicion

recibir receive, admit

recio, -a strong, stout; severe, hard

recitar recite

recobrar recover

recoger pick up, gather

recompensa f. recompense, reward

reconcentrar concentrate

reconciliar reconcile

recordar irreg. remember, recall

recuerdo m. memory, remembrance

rechazar repel, repulse, reject

redención f. redemption

reflejo m. reflection

reflexión f. reflection

regazo m. lap; care

regio, -a regal, kingly

registrar search

registro m. search; register, organ stop

regla f. rule

regreso m. return

rehacio, -a stubborn, reluctant, obstinate

reina f. queen

reinar reign

reino m. kingdom

reír irreg. laugh; ~ se laugh

reloj m. watch, clock; ~ de sol sun-dial

remedio m. remedy, help

remojado, -a (pp. of remojar) steeped, soaked

remordimiento m. remorse, regret

rencor m. rancor

rendir irreg. render, surrender; ~ vasallaje do homage

renglón m. line

reparar en notice

repasar review, peruse

repentinamente suddenly

repetir irreg. repeat

reposar repose, rest

representación f. representation, performance

representar represent, perform, act (of drama)

reprimir repress, check

reprochar reproach

repugnancia f. repugnance, disgust

repugnar inspire with repugnance, inspire with loathing

rescatar rescue

resignación f. resignation

resolver irreg. resolve, determine, decide

resonar irreg. resound, sound

respetar respect, revere, honor

respeto m. respect

respirar breathe

responder answer; ~ de answer for, be responsible for, acknowledge

restar subtract, remain; ~ con el dedo subtract on one's fingers

resuelto, -a (pp. irreg. of resolver) determined, ready; ~ a todo ready for anything, stopping at nothing

retablo m. series of figures that represent some historical occurrence, scene, picture

retintín m. tinkle, jingle

retirada f. retreat

retirar(se) retire, withdraw

retiro m. retirement, seclusion

retroceder retreat, give ground

reventar irreg. burst

reverencia f. reverence, courtly bow

reverenciar reverence, revere

revuelto, -a (pp. irreg. of revolver) confused

rey m. king

reyezuelo (dim. of rey) petty king

rezar pray

rico, -a rich

ridículo, -a ridiculous, absurd

riesgo m. risk, peril

rigor m. severity

Ripalda proper name

risa f. laugh, laughter

risotada f. loud laugh, burst of laughter

risueño, -a smiling, pleasing

rival m. rival

robusto, -a robust, strong, stout

roca f. rock, stone

rodeado, -a (pp. of rodear) surrounded

rodear surround

rodilla f. knee; ~ en tierra kneeling on one knee

rodrigón m. elderly servant who accompanies ladies

rogar irreg. pray, beseech

rojo, -a red

romance m. ballad

romper break

rompimiento m. glimpse

ronco, -a hoarse

ronda f. night patrol of police

rondar patrol, walk about streets at night; prowl

ropa f. wearing apparel, clothes

Rosellón m. Roussillon, cf. note

rostro m. face

roto, -a (pp. irreg. of romper) broken; hostilidades rotas hostilities begun

rudo, -a rude, coarse, rough

ruido m. noise

ruin low, base, miserable, wretched, mean

ruina f. ruin, downfall

rumor m. rumor, sound, noise sabedor, -a aware of, knowing

saber irreg. know, find out, hear, know how; qué sé yo how do I know; no sé qué something or other

sabio, -a wise, sage, cunning

Saboya f. Savoy

sacar take out, draw out, draw; ~ la espada a draw on; ~ en limpio find out, come to a conclusion

saciar sate, satiate

saco m. bag, sack; garment of rough cloth; como el ~ de sus vicios like the burden of his sins

sacrificio m. sacrifice

sagrado, -a sacred, holy

sala f. hall, room

salida f. departure; exit

salina f. salt-works

salir irreg. come out, go out; enter; ~ al encuentro come to meet

saliva f. saliva

salón m. drawing-room, hall

salud f. health; greeting

saludar salute, greet, bow

saludo m. salute, bow, greeting

salva f. salute; hacer una ~ fire a salute

salvación f. salvation

salvador, -a saving

salvador m. savior

salvar save

salvo, -a safe; poner en ~ save

san see santo

sandez f. foolishness, stupidity

sangrar(se) bleed

sangre f. blood; stock

sangriento, -a blood-stained; tono ~ bitter tone, mordant tone

San Lorenzo St. Lawrence (l. 2733, el Escorial)

San Marcos St. Mark, cf. note

San Martín St. Martin, church of St. Martin

Santiago m. St. James

santiagués of the order of St. James

santo, -a saint; saintly, holy

San Vito m. St. Vitus, see note

saña f. rage, fury

sarcasmo m. sarcasm; bit of irony, bit of sarcasm

Satanás m. Satan

sátira f. satire

sayón m. executioner

sazón: a la ~ at the time

se himself, herself, itself; to himself etc.; themselves, to themselves; each other, to each other

se (lo, la, etc.) to him etc.

sé see saber

seco, -a dry

secreto, -a secret

secreto m. secret

seguida: en ~ at once, immediately

seguido, -a (pp. of seguir) followed

seguir irreg. follow, continue; os le quiero ~ I would follow your example there

según according to, as, judging from; ~ y conforme it depends; ~ dicen according to what they say, so they say

segundo, -a second

seguridad f. security

seguro, -a secure, infallible, reliable, certain, unfaltering, sure, safe; de ~ surely, undoubtedly

seis six

sellado, -a (pp. of sellar) sealed

sellar seal

sello m. seal, stamp, mark

semblante m. face, countenance

sembrar irreg. sow, scatter

semicírculo m. semicircle

sentado, -a (pp. of sentar) seated

sentarse irreg. sit down, be seated

sentencia f. sentence, decision, maxim

sentimiento m. emotion, grief, concern

sentir irreg. feel, perceive, hear; regret, be sorry for

seña f. sign, signal

señal f. sign, indication; en ~ de as a sign of

señalado, -a (pp. of señalar) marked, signal

señalar point out, point to

señor m. gentleman, lord, master; sir

señora f. lady; my lady (in direct address)

separación f. separation

separado, -a (pp. of separar) separated, removed

separar separate, remove

sepultura f. sepulcher, tomb, grave, burial

ser irreg. be; a no ~ por if it were not for; es que the fact is that, the reason is that; érase once upon a time there was, see note, l. 1685; sea... sea... whether... or

ser m. being, life

sereno, -a serene, calm, quiet

serio, -a serious, grave

servicio m. service, benefit

servidor m. servant, servitor, retainer

servidumbre f. attendance; household servants and dependents, suite

servir irreg. serve, be of service, wait upon, act as escort; ~ de serve as, serve for; pues a ~ me then do my bidding

severo, -a severe, stern

si if; indeed; ~ bien although

sí yes, indeed

sí himself etc.

sicario m. (paid) assassin

Sicilia f. Sicily

siempre always, ever; ~ que whenever

sien f. temple

silencio m. silence

silla f. chair

sillón m. armchair, easy chair

simple silly, idiotic; artless, ingenuous

sin without; ~ embargo however, nevertheless; ~ que without, except that

sinapismo m. sinapism, mustard plaster

sincero, -a sincere

singular singular, strange, special, particular

siniestro, -a sinister, unlucky, threatening, ominous

sino but, except; ~ que but rather; without

siquiera even, at least; ni tan ~ not even

situación f. situation, plight

soberano, -a sovereign, ruling

soberano m. sovereign, ruler

sobrar be more than enough, be in excess, be left over; me sobra... I have plenty, I have more than enough

sobre over, on, about, to; ~ todo above all

sobrescrito m. address, superscription; preliminaries (of letter)

sociedad f. society

socorrer succor, help; send reënforcements; relieve

socorro m. help, reëenforcements, relief

sol m. sun

solamente only

soldado m. soldier

soledad f. solitude

solemne solemn, impressive

solemnidad f. solemnity

solemnizar solemnize, celebrate; hold (of ceremony)

soler irreg. be customary, be accustomed to

solicitar solicit, beg

solicitud f. solicitude

solio m. canopied throne, throne

solitario, -a lonely, solitary, secluded

solo, -a alone, solitary, sole, single, empty; a solas alone

sólo only, solely

soltar irreg. let go, let out, let loose; relinquish, release

soltero, -a single, unmarried

soltero m. bachelor

sombra f. shadow, darkness; shade, protection

sombrero m. hat

sombrío, -a gloomy, dark

son m. sound

sonar irreg. sound

soneto m. sonnet

sonoro, -a sonorous

sonreír irreg. smile

sonrisa f. smile

sonrojarse blush

sonrojo m. blush, affront

soñar (irreg. con) dream

soplar blow, blow out, breathe upon; inspire

soportar endure, suffer

sordo, -a deaf; silent, stealthy

sorna f. slowness, deliberation

sorprender surprise, take unawares

sorpresa f. surprise

sosiego m. tranquillity, calm; peace of mind

sospecha f. suspicion

sospechar suspect

su his, her, its, their

súbdito m. subject

subir ascend, rise; bring up

sublime sublime, heroic, grand

subrayado, -a (pp. of subrayar) underlined, italicized

suceder happen, succeed

sucesor m. successor, heir

sudar sweat, toil

suelo m. ground, soil

sueño m. dream, fancy

suerte f. chance, fortune, destiny

sufrimiento m. suffering

sufrir suffer

sujetar subdue, hold fast, catch, restrain

superior superior, above

superlativo, -a superlative

supersticioso, -a superstitious

súplica f. supplication, petition, request

suplicante supplicating

suplicar supplicate, beseech

suponer irreg. suppose

surcar plow, furrow

suspenso, -a (pp. irreg. of suspender) surprised, astonished, distraught

suspiro m. sigh

sustento m. sustenance, food, maintenance

susto m. shock, surprise, astonishment

suyo, -a his, her, their tahur m. gambler

tal such, such a, the aforesaid, this; so; qué ~ how goes it, how about it; si ~ surely, by all means

talento m. talent, genius

Talía Thalia, muse of comedy (see note)

también also

tamboril m. timbrel

tan so, such, so, as, such a; ~ sólo only; ~... como as... as; ~... que as... as

tanto, -a so, so much, as much; pl. so many, as many; en ~ meanwhile; en ~ que while

tapado, -a (pp. of tapar) covered (see note, ll. 5-6)

tapa-enredijos m. tangle-screener

tapar cover

tapia f. wall (of yard or garden)

tarantela f. tarantella

tardanza f. delay, tardiness

tardar delay, be late, be long

tarde late, too late

tarde f. afternoon

Tarifa f. Tarifa, cf. note

te you, to you

teatral theatrical

teatro m. theater

tedio m. tedium, weariness

telón m. curtain

temblar irreg. tremble

temblor m. trembling, agitation

temer fear, be afraid; ~ se fear, be afraid

temerario, -a daring, rash, imprudent

temor m. fear

templanza f. moderation

temple m. temper

templo m. temple, church

tenaz (pl. ~ ces) tenacious, obstinate

tender irreg. stretch forth, hold out

tendido, -a (pp. of tender) stretched out, lying prone

tener irreg. have, hold, keep; ~ hambre be hungry; ~ gracia be funny, be witty; ~ razón be right; ~ miedo be afraid; ~ presente bear in mind; ~ que must; ~ de must; ~ a bien regard as advisable; ~ para sí have an opinion; tengo para mí my own opinion is; ~ en cuenta take into consideration; ya te tengo bien seguro now I have you where I want you; téngame Dios de su mano may heaven restrain me; qué tiene what is the matter with him

tercero, -a third; Islas Terceras Azores, cf. note

terciana f. tertian fever, chills and fever

terminante definite, final

término m. term, end; primer ~ foreground (side); segundo ~ background (side); sin más ~ ni espacio without a moment of grace

ternura f. tenderness

terrible terrible

terror m. terror

tesoro m. treasure, treasury

testigo m. witness

testimonio m. testimony; falso ~ false accusation

ti you

tiempo m. time; a ~ on time, at the right time; a ~ de while, as; al ~ que at the same time as; a su ~ at the proper time; algún ~ some day, once; en otro ~ once, formerly

tierra f. earth, world, ground

timidez f. timidity

tinieblas f. total darkness; Tenebræ (morning prayers of the last three days of Holy Week; these prayers are recited not on the mornings to which they belong, but on the evenings of the preceding days)

tinta f. ink, tint, color

tirano, -a tyrannical

tirano m. tyrant

tirar throw, fling, hurl; fire (a gun)

tiro m. shot

tocar touch, belong to, behoove, be a duty, find out; play (of musical instrument); el desengaño toca is discovering her mistake; bien tocáis vuestros registros you pull your stops well, you play your cards well

todo, -a all, whole, every, everything; con todo nevertheless; del todo entirely, completely; toda una Infanta de España no less a personage than an infanta of Spain

Toledo m. or f. Toledo, see note

tomar take; ~ más cuerpo increase

tono m. tone

tonto, -a foolish

tonto m. fool

torbellino m. whirlwind

tormenta f. storm

tormento m. torment, torture, anguish

tornar return

torno m. turn; en ~ round, about

torpe infamous; dull, rude, clumsy

torpeza f. clumsiness, stupidity

traer irreg. bring, draw, carry

tragar swallow

tragedia f. tragedy

traición f. treachery; a ~ treacherously

traidor m. traitor

traje m. clothes, suit

trama f. deceit, plot, machination

tramar weave, plot

trance m. peril, extremity

tranquilo, -a tranquil, quiet

tras (de) after, behind

trastornar upset, disorder, confuse

tratar treat, handle; ~ de try to

trazar plan, arrange; plot

treinta thirty

trémulo, -a tremulous, trembling

tres three

trescientos, -as three hundred

triaca f. antidote

tributo m. tribute

triste sad, gloomy, dejected

tristeza f. sadness, sorrow, affliction

triunfante triumphant

triunfar triumph; ~ de triumph over

triunfo m. triumph; la palma del ~ the palm of victory

trocar irreg. exchange

trocito m. (dim. of trozo) small fragment, bit

tronco m. trunk (of tree etc.)

trono m. throne

tropa f. troops

tropezar irreg. stumble

trueno m.. thunderclap, thunder; noche de ~ s dark and threatening night

trueque m. exchange

tu your, thy

tú you, thou

tumba f. tomb, grave

turbación f. perturbation, confusion

turbado, -a (pp. of turbar) perturbed, confused

turbar disturb, trouble, alarm

tuyo, -a your, thy; el tuyo, la tuya yours, thine u or

ufano, -a proud; cheerful, content

ujier m. usher, doorkeeper

último, -a last

ultraje m. outrage, insult

umbral m. threshold

un see uno

único, -a only, sole, unique

unido, -a (pp. of unir) united

unir unite, join, connect

uno, -a one; pl. some; unas... otras some... others

un(o), -a a, an

Urías Uriah, see note

uso m. use vacilar vacillate, waver, reel, hesitate

vago, -a vague

valedor m. protector, defender

valer irreg. be of value, be worth

valía f. credit, price, influence

valor m. valor, courage, value

vano, -a vain, in vain, fruitless

vario, -a various, several

varón m. male, man

varonil manly, spirited, courageous

vasallaje m. vassalage, servitude, homage

vasallo m. vassal, subject

vehemencia f. vehemence

veinticinco twenty-five

velar watch, be vigilant, keep vigil; ~ por watch over

velo m. veil

vena f. vein

venático, -a erratic

vencer conquer, win

vender sell

veneno m. poison

venganza f. revenge

vengativo, -a revengeful, vindictive

venida f. coming, arrival

venidero, -a future

venir irreg. come, occur; be (estar)

ventaja f. advantage

ventura f. chance, fortune, happiness; por ~ by chance, perchance

venturoso, -a happy, fortunate

ver irreg. see; ~ se be; ved remember, bear in mind, see; a ~ let's see

verdad f. truth; es ~ it is true, that is so; a la ~ truly, to tell the truth

verdadero, -a true

verde green

verdugo m. executioner

verso m. verse; pl. lines, poems

verter irreg. shed

vez f. time, turn; otra ~ again; tal ~ perhaps; a su ~ in his turn; a veces at times

viaje m. journey

viceversa vice versa

viceversa m. contrast

vicio m. vice

víctima f. victim

victoria f. victory

vida f. life; en mi ~ never in my life, never; por ~ by Jove

viento m. wind

vil vile, base

villa f. town, country estate

Villamediana proper name (cf. Hist. Introd.)

Villaviciosa f. cf. note

viña f. vineyard

violencia f. violence, force, intensity; con ~ forcing the words

violento, -a violent, strained

Virgen f. the Virgin

virreina f. vicereine

virtud f. virtue, chastity

visible visible

vista f. sight, gaze; corto de ~ near-sighted

visto, -a (pp. irreg. of ver) seen; por lo visto apparently

viuda f. widow

viudez f. widowhood, widowerhood

viudo m. widower

viveza f. vivacity, spirit

vivir to live; vive Dios by heaven; vivan nuestros reyes long live our king and queen

vivo, -a living, alive, lively, keen

volcar irreg. overturn, upset

voluntad f. will, purpose

volver irreg. turn, return, restore; ~ se turn around, return; ~ a... (infin.) to... again; ~ sobre sí come to one's senses, collect one's self

vos you

vosotros, -as you

votar vow, vote, swear; voto a I swear by; voto a veinticinco santos I vow by all the saints

voto m. vow

voz f. voice; rumor, report; en ~ alta aloud; en ~ baja in an undertone

vuecencia your excellency

vuelta f. return

vuesa archaic for vuestra

vuestro, -a your; el vuestro, la vuestra, yours Wiranzan m. Besançon, cf. note y and

ya already, now, by now, by this time; ~ que now that, since

yacer irreg. lie

yo I

yugo m. yoke zaguán m. entrance, vestibule

zozobra f. anxiety, care, unrest

zumbón, -a waggish, jesting