Acetone, 64

Acid, boric. See Boric acid.
"  carbolic. See Phenol.
"  colours, mordanting, 74
"  hydrochloric. See Hydrochloric acid.
"  nitric. See Nitric acid.
"  sulphuric. See Sulphuric acid.

Acids, distinguishing, from alkalis, 23, 49
"    neutralisation of, 50
"    properties of, 49
"    specific gravities of, 49

Affinity, chemical, 71

Alizarin, 75, 76, 80, 83, 91, 99
"      blue, 90
"      paste, 91
"      pure, 91
"      purple, 77
"      red, 77

Alkali, manufacture of, by ammonia-soda process, 55
"    manufacture of, by electrolytic process, 56
"    manufacture of, by Leblanc process, 53

Alkalis, distinguishing, from acids, 23, 49
"      neutralisation of, 50
"      properties of, 49
"      specific gravities of, 49

Alum, cake, 73

Aluminium sulphate, 73

Ammonia, 23, 95

Ammonia-soda process, 55

Aniline, 91
"      black, 81
"      constitution of, 96
"      preparation of, 96
"      reaction of 97
"      violet 77, 81

Animal fibres. See Fibres.

Annatto, 83, 85, 87

Anthracene, 90

Archil. See Orchil.

Aurin, 91, 98

Azo dyestuffs, 98


Barwood, 99

Basic colours or dyestuffs, mordanting, 76

Bast fibres. See Fibres.

Bastose, 4

Bastose, distinction between, and cellulose, 4

Beaumé hydrometer degrees, 31

Benzene, 90, 96

Bixin, 88

Black-ash process, 54

Blue colour, absorption spectrum of pure, 114

Boilers, incrustations in, 42

Boiling-point, effect of pressure on, 32
"          of water, effect of dissolved salts on, 36
"          of water, effect of increase of pressure on, 35

Borax, 59
"    tests of purity of, 59

Boric acid, 57

Boronitrocalcite, 59

Brasilin, 99

Brazil wood, 99


Camwood, 99

Carbolic acid. See Phenol.

Carminic acid, 76

Carré ice-making machine, 32

Carrotting. See Sécretage.

Carthamic acid, 87

Carthamin, 87

Cellulose, action of cupric-ammonium solutions on, 5
"        composition of,  3
"        distinction between, and bastose, 4
"        properties of pure,  5

Cholesterol, 100

Chrome mordanting, 78

Chrome orange, 84
"    yellow, 84

Chroming, over-, 78

Clark's soap test, 43

Coal-tar, 90
"      yield of valuable products from, 90

Cochineal, 75, 76, 82, 83, 99

Cœrulein, 90

Colour, absorption spectrum of pure blue, 114
"    absorption spectrum of pure yellow, 114
"    acids, 77
"    bases, 77
"    nature of, 107

Coloured substances, spectra of, 112

Colours, acid, mordanting of, 74
"      basic, 75
"      classification of, 79
"      complementary, 109
"      mixed, spectra of, 115
"      pigment, 110
"      primary, 110
"      spectral, 110

Conditioning establishments, 21

Congo red, 71

Copper salts, dissolving, in iron pans, 39
"          wet method of extracting, 38

Corrosion caused by fatty acids, 35

Cotton and woollen goods, separation of mixed, 5

Cotton fibre, action of basic zinc chloride on, 5
"          composition of, 3
"          dimensions of, 2
"          stomata in cuticle of, 2
"          structure of, 1

Cotton-silk fibre, 3
"  "          composition of, 3

Crookes' heat-indicating paint, 107

Cudbear, 86

Cupric ammonium solution, action of, on cellulose, 5

Curcumin, 87


Dextrin, 4

Dyeing felt hats deep black, 106
"    "        effect of stiffening and proofing process in, 65, 103
"    of wool and felt with coal-tar colours, 105
"    of wool and fur, 100
"    power of coal-tar dyestuffs, 93
"    with mixed coal-tar colours, 106

Dyestuffs, adjectiv, 83, 99
"        azo, 98
"        classification of, 79
"        coal-tar,  90
"          "      dyeing power of, 93
"          "      yield of, 91
"        mineral, 83
"        monogenetic, 81
"        pigment, 83
"        polygenetic, 82
"        substantive, 83
"            "      artificial, 89
"            "      natural, 85


Equivalence, law of, 49


Fats, decomposition of, by superheated steam, 35

Felt, dyeing, deep black, 106
"  " with coal-tar colours, 105

Felting, dilute acid for promoting, 22
"      effect of water in, 21
"      fur, 15
"      interlocking of scales in, 13
"      preparation of fur for, 18
"      unsuitability of dead wool for, 18

Fibre, cotton. See Cotton.
"    cotton-silk. See Cotton-silk.
"    flax. See Flax.
"    jute. See Jute.
"    silk. See Silk.
"    wool. See Wool.

Fibres, action of acids on textile, 5
"    "      alkaline solution of copper and glycerin on textile, 28
"    "      alkalis on textile, 5
"    "      caustic soda on textile , 28
"    "      copper-oxide-ammonia on textile, 28
"    "      nitric acid on textile, 28
"    "      steam on textile, 5
"    "      sulphuric acid on textile, 27

Fibres, animal, 6
"    bast, 3
"    vegetable, 1
"      "        and animal, determining, in mixture, 27
"      "        and animal, distinguishing, 4, 5
"      "        and animal, distinguishing and separating, 24

Fibroïn, 7

Flax fibre, action of basic zinc chloride on, 5
"        composition of, 3
"        structure of, 2

Fraunhofer's lines, 111, 112

Fur, 8
"  action of acids on, 23
"    "    of alkalis on, 24
"    "    on, in sécretage process, 17
"  chrome mordanting of, 77
"  composition of, 22
"  felting, 15
"  finish and strength of felted, effect of boiling water on, 22
"  hygroscopicity of, 20
"  preparation of, for felting, 18
"  sécretage or carrotting of, 17
"  stiffening and proofing of felted, 66
"  sulphur in, reagents for detection of, 26

Fustic, 99


Gallein, 82, 83

Gallnuts, 99

Garancine, 99

Guy-Lussac tower, 52

Glover tower, 52

Glucose, 4

Greening of black hats, 65


Hæmatein, 76, 78 83, 99

Hair, 8
"  cells from, 11
"  distinction between, and wool, 12, 14
"  dyeing, 26
"  growth of, 8
"  scales from, 11
"  "    of, action of reagents on, 12
"  scaly structure of, 11
"  structure of, 8, 9
"  sulphur in, reagents for detection of, 26

Hargreaves & Robinson's process, 53

Hats dyed logwood black, deterioration of, 104
"  greening of black, 65
"  stiffening and proofing of, 63, 64
"  stiffening and proofing of, by Cheetham's process, 66
"  stiffening and proofing of, by Continental process, 66
"  stiffening and proofing process, effect of, in dyeing, 65, 103

Heat, latent, 32, 33
"    " of steam, 34
"    " of water, 34

Heddebault's process of separating mixed cotton and woollen goods, 5

Hydrochloric acid, manufacture of, by Hargreaves & Robinson's process, 53
"          "    manufacture of, by salt-cake process, 53


Ice, heat of liquefaction of, 34

Ice-making machine, Carré, 32

Indican, 85

Indicators, 50, 70

Indigo, 85
"    artificial, 86
"    blue, 85
"    recovery of, from indigo-dyed woollen goods, 24
"    vat, 86
"    white, 85

Insoluble compounds, precipitation of, from solutions, 38

Iron liquor. See Mordant, iron.


Jute fibre, 3
"  composition of, 4


Lac, button, 63
"  dye, 62, 99
"  seed, 62
"  stick, 62
See also Shellac.

Lakes, colour, 75

Latent heat. See Heat.

Leblanc process, 53

Light, analysis of white, 107
" composition of white, 107
" homogeneous or monochromatic, 108, 110
" rays, refraction of, 108

Linen fibre. See Flax.

Litmus, 70, 86

Logwood, 75, 76, 78, 83, 99

Logwood black, 78, 81, 104
"      "  deterioration of hats dyed with, 104


Madder, 80, 83, 99

Magenta, 76, 80, 83, 91, 97

Marsh gas, 95

Mercuric nitrate, use of, for the sécretage of fur, 17

Merino wool, 15

Methane. See Marsh gas.

Methyl alcohol. See Wood spirit.
"    green, 97
"    violet, 97

Mirbane, essence of, 96

Molisch's test, 4

Mordant, alumina, 64, 75
"      antimony, 76
"      iron, 64, 76
"      tannin, 76
"      tin, 76

Mordanting acid (phenolic) colours, 74
"        basic colours, 76
"        chrome, 77
"        woollen fabrics, 75

Mordants, 69
"      fatty acid, 77


Naphthalene, 90, 98

Naphthol yellow, 91

Naphthols, 91, 98

Naphthylamine, 91

Nitric acid, 95
" manufacture of, 52

Nitrobenzene, 96

Nitroprusside of soda, 26

Oils, decomposition of, by superheated steam, 35

Orcèin, 86

Orchil, 85, 86

Orcin, 86

Orellin, 88

Over-chroming, See Chroming.


Paint, Crookes' heat-indicating, 107

Persian berries, 75, 99

Phenol, 90
"  constitution of, 98

Phenolic colours. See Acid colours.

Phenolphthalein, 70

Picric acid, 81, 91
"        absorption spectrum of, 113
"        constitution of, 98

Plumbate of soda, 26

Potassium, decomposition of water by, 25, 30

Proofing mixture, 63
"    process, 64
"        "    Cheetham's, 66
"        "    Continental, 66
"        "    effect of, in dyeing, 65, 103

Purpurin, 99


Quercitron, 99


Red liquor. See Mordant, alumina.

Refraction of light rays, 108


Safflower, 85, 87

Salt-cake process, 53

Salts, 49
"  acid, 70, 71
"  basic, 71
"  neutral or normal, 71
"  stable, 72
"  unstable, 72

Santalin, 99

Santalwood, 99

Sealing-wax, coloured, 103

Sécretage of fur, 17
"    process, injury to fur in, 17

Sericin, 7

Shellac, 62
"  colouring of, 103
"  rosin in, detection of, 63
"  solvents for, 63
See also Lac.

Silk fibre, action of acids on, 7
"    "      "    of alkaline solution of, copper and glycerin on, 7
"    "      "    of alkalis on, 7
"    "      "    of basic zinc chloride on, 7
"    "  bleaching of, 7
"    "  composition of, 7
"    "  structure of, 6
"    "  ungumming of, 7
"  glue, 7
"  gum, 7

Soap, 60
"  alkali in, detection of, 61
"  oleic acid, 101
"  palm oil, 101
"  water in, determination of, 60

Soda. See Alkali.

Solution, 36
"    precipitation of insoluble compounds from, 38

Specific gravity, 30

Spectra of coloured substances 112

Spectroscope, 111

Spectrum, 108
"      absorption, 113
"      continuous, 111
"      discontinuous or line, 111

Spirits of salt. See Hydrochloric acid.

Starch, 4

Steam, 31
"    latent heat of, 34

Stiffening mixture, 63
"        process, 64
"          "      Cheetham's, 66
"          "      Continental, 66
"          "      effect of, in dyeing 65, 103

Suint. See Wool grease.

Sulphur in wool, fur, and hair, reagents for detection of, 26

Sulphuric acid, manufacture of, 50
"        "      "      by contact process, 52
"        "      "      by lead chamber process, 51

Sumach, 99


Tannins, 99

Tincal, 59

Tiza, 59

Toluene, 90

Toluidine, 91

Turmeric, 80, 83, 85, 87

Twaddell hydrometer degrees, 31


Ultramarine blue, 81

Ultramarine green, 81
"        rose-coloured, 81


Valency, 71

Vegetable fibres. See Fibres.

Veneering process, 66

Vermilline scarlet, 91

Vitriol. See Sulphuric acid.


Water, 29
"    boiling of 31
"    boiling-point of, effect of dissolved salts on 36
"    boiling-point of, effect of increase of pressure on, 35
"    chlorides in, detection of, 47
"    composition of, 29
"    contamination of, by factories, 45
"    copper in, detection of, 46
"    decomposition of, by potassium, 25, 30
"    filtration of, 47
"    hard, 41, 42
"      "  Clark's soap test for, 43
"      "  softening of, 41
"      "  waste of soap by, 43
"    hardness, temporary and permanent, of, 42
"    impurities in, 42
"      "        effect of, in dyeing, 42
"      "        ferruginous, 44
"    iron in, detection of, 46
"    latent heat of, 34
"    lead in, detection of, 47
"    lime in, detection of, 46
"    magnesium in, detection of, 46
"    purification of, 45
"    purity of, tests for, 46
"    soft, 40
"    effect of carbonic acid in hardening, 40
"    sulphates in, detection of, 24

Wood acid, 64
"  destructive distillation of, 64
"  spirit, 64

Wool, chrome mordanting of, 77
"  dead: why it will not felt, 18
"  dyeing, with coal-tar colours, 105
"  felted, effect of boiling water on finish and strength of, 22
"  felted, effect of stiffening process on finish of, 66, 103
"  felting of, interlocking of scales in, 13
"  fibre, 8
"    "  action of acids on, 23
"    "    "    of alkalis on, 24
"    "  composition of, 22
"    "  curly structure of, 15
"    "  distinction between, and hair, 12, 14
"    "  growth of, 8
"    "  hygroscopicity of, 20
"    "  structure of, from diseased sheep, 19
"    "  sulphur in, reagents for detection of, 26
"  grease, 100
"  kempy, 19
"  merino, 15
"  mordanting, 75
"  scouring, 101
"  stripping of, 23

Woollen goods, indigo-dyed, recovery of indigo from, 24
"      "    mixed cotton and, separation of, 5


Xylenes, 90


Yellow colour, absorption spectrum of pure, 114

Yolk. See Wool grease.