• Absorption, of heat by lampblack, 143-144.
    • of gases by charcoal, 57.
    • of light waves, 135-138.
  • Accommodation of the eye, 123.
  • Acetanilid, 259.
  • Acetylene, as illuminant, 152-153.
    • manufacture of, 152-153.
    • properties of, 220.
  • Acid, boric, 253.
    • carbolic, 152, 251, 252.
    • hydrochloric, 55, 80, 227, 238, 241.
    • lactic, 230.
    • oxalic, 247, 248.
    • salicylic, 253.
    • sulphuric, 55, 80, 240, 241, 307.
    • sulphurous, 242.
  • Acids, action on litmus, 220.
  • Adenoids, 51.
  • Adulterants, detection of, 16.
  • Air, characteristics of, 81-83, 86, 189.
    • compressibility of, 91.
    • expansion of, 10-11.
    • humidity, 38, 39.
    • pumps, 201-205.
    • transmits sound, 269.
    • weight of, 86.
    • See Atmosphere.
  • Alcohol, 234.
    • in patent medicines, 260.
  • Alizarin, 248.
  • Alkali, 222.
  • Alternating current, 351.
  • Alum, 247.
    • in baking powder, 230.
  • Ammeter, 341, 343.
  • Ammonia, 152.
    • a base, 221-222.
    • in bath, 226.
    • in manufacture of ice, 98.
    • neutralizing chlorine, 240.
  • Ampere, 342.
  • Anemia, 259.
  • Angle, of incidence, 110.
    • of reflection, 110.
    • of refraction, 114.
  • Aniline, 152, 245.
  • Animal charcoal, 58.
  • Animal transportation, 132.
  • Antichlor, 240.
  • Antipyrin, 259.
  • Armature, 319, 320.
    • dynamo, 350.
    • motor, 335.
  • Artificial lighting, 148-153.
  • Atmosphere, 81.
    • carbon dioxide in, 54-55.
    • height of, 81.
    • nitrogen and oxygen in, 262.
    • pressure of, 82-86.
    • water vapor in, 36-38.
    • weight, 86.
    • See Air.
  • Atmospheric pressure, 82-86.
  • Atomizer, 92.
  • Atoms, 102.
  • Automobiles, gas engines, 185.
  • Axis of a lens, 119.

  • Bacteria, 133.
    • as nitrogen makers, 263.
    • destroyed by sunlight, etc., 133, 250, 251.
    • diseases caused by, 133.
    • in butter and cheese, 133.
  • Baking powder, 229-230.
  • Baking soda, 227-229.
  • Barograph, 87.
  • Barometer, aneroid, 84-85.
    • mercury, 84.
    • use in weather predictions, 86-87.
  • Bases, action on litmus, 221-222.
    • properties, 220-222.
  • Battery, electric, 311.
  • Beans, as food, 66.
    • roots take in nitrogen, 263.
  • Bell, electric, 319-321.
  • Benzine, 150.
    • as a cleaning agent, 227.
  • Benzoate of soda, 253.
  • Bicarbonate of soda, in fire extinguisher, 55, 56.
    • in Rochelle salt, 227.
    • in soda mints, 231.
    • in seidlitz powder, 231.
  • Bicycle pumps, 202.
  • Blasting, by electricity, 314.
  • Bleaching, 237-243.
    • by chlorine, 238-240.
  • Bleaching powder, 239-240.
  • Body, human, 63-64.
    • a conductor of electricity, 292.
  • Boiling, 31.
    • amount of heat absorbed, 31-32.
    • of milk, 32.
    • of water, 77.
    • point, 15.
  • Bomb calorimeter, 61.
  • Borax, as meat preservative, 253.
    • as washing powder, 226.
  • Boric acid, as meat preservative, 253.
  • Boyle's law, 95-96.
  • Bread, 232-233.
    • unleavened, 233.
  • Bread making, 232-235.
  • Breathing, hygienic habits of, 50.
    • by mouth, 50-51.
  • Burns, treatment of, 52-53.
  • Butter, adulteration test, 16.
    • bacteria in, 133.
  • Buttermilk, 230.

  • Caisson, 203-204.
  • Calcium carbide, 152-153.
    • in making nitrogenous fertilizer, 264.
  • Calico printing, 249.
  • Calorie, 27-28, 61-62.
  • Calorimeter, 61.
  • Camera, 128-129.
    • films, 129.
    • lens, 129.
    • plates, 129.
  • Camping, water supply, 195-197.
  • Candle, 148-149.
    • as standard for light-measure, 104-105.
  • Candle-power, 105-107.
  • Carbide, calcium, 152-153, 264.
  • Carbohydrates, 64-65, 149.
  • Carbolic acid, 152.
    • as disinfectant, 251.
  • Carbon, 56, 66.
  • in voltaic cells, 308.
  • Carbon dioxide, 53.
    • as fire extinguisher, 55-56.
    • commercial use, 55-56.
    • in baking soda, 228.
    • in fermentation, 234.
    • in health, 54.
    • in plants, 55.
    • preparation of, 55.
    • source of, 53.
    • test for, 228.
  • Catarrh, 259.
  • Caustic lime, 222..
  • Caustic potash, 222.
  • Caustic soda, 218, 222.
    • to make a salt, 227.
  • Caves and caverns, 71.
  • Cell, dry, 310.
    • gravity, 309-310.
    • voltaic, 306-308, 310.
  • Cells of human body, 63, 64, 66.
  • Centigrade thermometer, 15.
  • Central heating plant, 19.
  • Chalk, in making carbon dioxide, 55.
  • Charcoal as a filter, 57.
    • commercially, 57.
    • preparation, 57-58.
  • Chemical action, and electricity, 307, 315-317.
    • and light, 126, 127.
  • Chemistry, in daily life, 218, 219.
  • Chills, 38.
  • Chloride of lime, in bleaching, 240.
    • disinfectant, 251.
  • Chlorine, and hydrogen, 239.
    • effect upon human body, 239.
    • in bleaching, 238-240.
    • influence of light upon, 126.
    • presence in salt, 227.
  • Circuit, electric, 321.
    • local, in telegraph, 325-326.
  • City water supply, 206-212.
  • Clarinet, 297.
  • Cleaning of material, 226, 243.
  • Climate, influenced by presence of water, 29, 40.
  • Clover, nitrogen producers, 263.
  • Coal, 30.
  • Coal gas, 150, 151.
    • by-products, 152.
  • Coal oil, 149, 150.
  • Coal tar dyes, 152, 218, 245.
  • Cogwheels, 170.
  • Coil, current-bearing, 320.
    • magnetic field about, 331-333.
  • Coke, 152.
  • Cold storage, 97.
  • Color, 134-141.
    • and heat, 142, 143.
    • influenced by light, 137.
    • of opaque bodies, 136, 137.
    • of transparent bodies, 135, 136.
  • Color blindness, 140, 141.
    • designs in cloth, 248, 249.
  • Colors, compound, 138, 139.
    • essential, 139-140.
    • primary, 135.
    • simple, 138.
    • spectrum, 134-135.
    • variety in dyeing, 247, 248.
  • Combustion, heat of, 45.
    • spontaneous, 52.
  • Commutator, 335.
  • Compass, 328.
  • Compound colors, 138, 139.
  • Compound machine, 171.
  • Compound substances, 103.
  • Compression of air, 91, 92.
    • cause of heat, 96.
  • Compression pumps, 201, 205.
  • Concave lens, 118.
  • Condensation, 33.
    • heat set free, 40.
  • Conduction of heat, 25.
  • Conductivity metals, 321.
  • Conductors, electric, 321, 322.
  • Conservation, of energy, 58, 59.
    • of matter, 58, 59.
  • Convection, 24, 25.
  • Convex lens, 118.
  • Cooling, by evaporation, 35-36.
    • by expansion, 97.
  • Copper, in electric cell, 307.
  • Core, iron, 319.
  • Corn, bleached with sulphurous acid, 242.
  • Cotton, mercerized, 218.
    • bleaching, 241.
    • dyeing, 245-247.
  • Cough sirup, 258.
  • Crane, compound machine, 172.
  • Cream of tartar, 229.
  • Creosote oil, 254.
  • Crude petroleum, 149, 150.
  • Current, electric, 306, 312.
    • alternating, 349.
    • induced, 346-347.
    • measurement of, 340.
    • resistance, 312, 343, 345.
    • strength, 339, 340, 344.

  • Dams, 214-216.
  • Decay, 49.
  • Decomposition of soil by water, 70-74.
  • Degrees Fahrenheit and Centigrade, 15.
  • Density, 11.
  • Designs in cloth, printed, 248, 249.
    • woven, 249.
  • Developer in photography, 128.
  • Dew, 36, 37.
  • Dew point, 38.
  • Diarrhea, 251.
  • Diet, 62, 66.
    • economy on table, 66-69.
  • Discord, reason for, 271.
  • Disease, and surface water, 76.
    • relation of light to, 131-132.
  • Disease disinfectants, 250, 251, 252.
  • Distillation, 34-35.
    • in commerce, 35.
    • of petroleum, 149-150.
    • of soft coal, 150.
    • of water, 34, 35, 77.
  • Diving suits, 204.
  • Door bells, 319-321.
  • Drainage, of land, 194, 195.
    • sewage, 196, 198, 199, 201.
  • Drilled well, 199.
  • Drinking water, 75-77.
    • in camping, 195-196.
    • and rural supplies, 198, 201.
  • Driven well, 196-197.
  • Drought, 217.
  • Drugs, 255, 260.
  • Dry cell, 312.
  • Dyeing, 244-249.
    • color designs, 248.
  • Dyeing, direct, 245.
    • home, 247.
    • indirect, 247.
    • variety of color, 247.
  • Dyes, 218, 244, 245.
  • Dynamo, 346.
    • alternating current, 349.
    • source of energy, 346-347.

  • Ear, in man, 301-303.
    • care of, 303.
  • Earth, conductor of electricity, 326.
  • Echo, 277.
  • Economy in buying food, 66-69.
  • Effort, muscular, 155, 160.
  • Electric, battery, 311.
    • bell, 319-321.
    • bread toasters, 314.
    • conductors and non-conductors, 321-322.
    • cost of, energy, 352.
    • current, 306, 312.
    • flatiron, 313.
    • heating pad, 314.
    • lights, 314.
    • street cars, 337.
  • Electricity, heat, 312-315, 339.
    • as a magnet, 319, 331-333.
    • practical uses of, 312-317.
  • Electrodes, of cell, 308.
  • Electrolytic metals, 317.
  • Electromagnets, 319.
  • Electromotive force, 308.
    • unit of, 344.
  • Electroplating, 315.
  • Electrotyping, 317.
  • Elements, 102-103.
  • Emulsion, 224.
  • Energy, conservation of, 58, 59.
    • transformations of, 58, 59.
  • Engine, steam, 183-185.
    • gas, 185-186.
    • horse power, 173.
  • Erosion, 73-74.
  • Essential colors, 139-140.
  • Evaporation, 35-39.
    • cooling effect, 35-36.
    • effect of temperature on, 35, 36.
    • effect of air on, 38.
    • freezing by, 98.
    • heat absorbed, 36.
    • of perspiration, 38.
  • Expansion, of air, 10, 11.
    • cooling effect of, 97.
    • disadvantage and advantage of, 11-13.
    • of liquids, 9-11.
    • of solids, 10, 11.
    • of water, 9, 10, 11, 12.
    • Eye, 122-125.
    • headache, 124, 125.
    • how focused, 122, 123.
    • nearsighted and farsighted, 123.
    • strain, 125.

  • Fahrenheit thermometer, 15.
  • Fats, 65.
    • in soap making, 223.
  • Fermentation, 232-236.
    • by yeast, 234-236.
  • Ferric compounds, 248.
  • Fertilizers, 262-265.
    • nitrogen, 262.
    • phosphorus, 263, 264.
    • potash, 263-265.
  • Field magnet, 336.
  • Filings, iron, 329.
  • Film, photographic, 129.
  • Filter, charcoal, 57.
  • Filtering water, 77.
  • Fire, 9.
    • and oxygen, 45, 47.
    • and tinder box, 47.
    • making of, 51.
    • primitive production of, 47.
    • produced by friction, 47.
    • spontaneous combustion, 52.
    • sores and burns, 52-53.
    • extinguisher, 55, 56.
  • Fireless cooker, 25, 26.
  • Fireplaces, 17, 18.
  • Fixing, in photography, 128.
  • Flame, hydrogen, 80.
  • Flood, Johnstown, 214, 215.
    • relation to forests, 217.
  • Flour, self-raising, 231.
  • Flume, 177.
  • Flute, 297.
  • Focal length, 118.
  • Focus, of lens, 118.
  • Fog, 37.
  • Food, 60-69.
    • carbohydrates, 64, 65.
    • economy in buying, 66-69.
    • fats, 65.
    • fuel value of, 60-62.
    • need of, 63, 64.
    • preservatives, 252.
    • proteids, 66.
    • value, 67.
    • waste, 60.
    • water in, 75.
  • Foot pound, 172.
  • Force and motion, 156, 157.
    • and work, 156, 157.
    • magnetic lines of, 329-331, 334.
    • muscular, 155, 160.
  • Force pumps, 192, 193.
  • Forests and water supply, 216-217.
  • Forging of iron, 40, 41.
  • Formaldehyde, 253.
  • Freezing, effect of salt, 44.
    • effect on ground and rocks, 42.
    • expansion of water on, 41.
    • ice cream freezer, 44.
  • Frequency in music, 273, 275.
  • Fresh air, 22-24, 49.
    • amount consumed by gas burner, 22.
    • and health, 49, 50.
    • in underground work, 202.
    • in work under water, 203-205.
  • Friction, 173, 174.
    • losses by, 174, 210.
    • source of heat and fire, 47.
  • Frost, 36, 37.
  • Fruit, canned, bleached with sulphurous acid, 242.
    • colored with coal tar dyes, 253.
  • Fuel value of foods, 60-62.
    • table of fuel values, 67.
  • Fulcrum, 159, 160.
  • Fumigation, 251.
  • Fundamental tone, 290, 291, 292.
  • Furnace, hot air, 19.
  • Fuse, 340.
  • Fusion, heat of, 40.

  • Galvanometer, 341.
  • Gas, acetylene, 152, 153.
    • and unburned carbon, 151.
    • coal, 151, 152.
    • effect of heat on volume, 96, 97.
    • effect of pressure on volume, 95-96.
    • engine, 185-186.
    • for cooking, 151, 152.
    • illuminating, 92, 93, 150, 151.
    • liquefaction, 97, 98.
    • meter, 93, 94.
    • natural, 152.
  • Gasolene, 149, 150.
    • as cleaning agent, 227, 243.
    • in gas engine, 185, 186.
  • Gauge, pressure, 92-94.
  • Gelatin, plate and film, 129.
  • Glass, kinds of, 119.
    • molding of, 40.
    • non-conductor, 321.
  • Grape juice, fermented with millet, 233.
  • Gravity cell, 309, 310.
  • Grease, and lye, 221.
    • and soap making, 223.
  • Gulf Stream, 24.

  • Hard water, and soap, 225.
  • Harp, 295.
  • Headache, 124, 125.
    • powders, 259.
  • Health, effect of diet, 62, 64.
  • Heat, 9.
    • absorbed in boiling, 31-32.
    • and disease germs, 250.
    • and food, 252.
    • and friction, 47.
    • and light, 142, 147.
    • and oxidation, 45, 48, 49.
    • and wave motion, 145-147.
    • conduction, 25.
    • convection, 24, 25.
    • from burning hydrogen, 80.
    • from electricity, 312-315, 339.
    • needed to melt substances, 39.
    • of fusion, 40.
    • of vaporization, 32.
    • produced by compression, 96.
    • relation of water to weather, 29, 40.
    • set free by freezing water, 40.
    • sources of, 29-30.
    • specific, 28-29.
    • temperature, 27.
    • unit of, 27, 28.
  • Heating effect of electric current, 312-315.
  • Heating of buildings: central heating plant, 19.
    • fireplaces, 17-18.
  • Heating, furnaces, 19.
    • hot water, 19-22.
  • Helix, 318.
  • Horse power, 173, 351.
  • Hot water heating, 19-22.
  • Hues, primary, 135.
  • Humidity, 38.
    • proper percentage for health and comfort, 38, 39.
  • Humus, 216, 217.
  • Hydrocarbons, 149.
  • Hydrochloric acid, composition, 227.
    • in bleaching, 241.
    • to make a salt, 227.
    • to make carbon dioxide, 55.
    • to make chlorine, 238.
    • to make hydrogen, 80.
  • Hydrogen, 65, 66.
    • and chlorine, 239.
    • and water, 79.
    • chemical conduct, 126-127.
    • flame, 80.
    • in voltaic cell, 307.
    • peroxide, 53, 252.
    • preparation, 80.
    • to liquefy, 97.

  • Ice, lighter than water, 42.
    • manufacture of, 98, 99.
  • Ice cream freezers, 44.
  • Illuminating gas, manufacture of, 150, 151.
    • measurement of quantity consumed, 93, 94.
    • test of pressure, 92, 93.
  • Illumination, intensity of, 105, 106.
  • Image, in mirror, 108, 111.
  • Incandescent lighting, 107, 314.
  • Incidence, angle of, 110.
  • Inclined plane, 162-166.
    • screw, 166.
    • wedge, 166.
  • Indigo, 218.
  • Induced current, 346-347.
  • Ink spots, removal of, 243.
  • Insoluble substances, 71.
  • Insulators, electric, 324.
  • Intensity, of light, 105-107.
    • of sound, 270-271.
  • Interval, in musical scale, 283.
  • Iron, forging, 41.
    • filings, 329.
    • galvanizing, 49.
    • oxidation of, 48.
  • Irrigation, 193-194.
  • Isobaric lines, 88, 91.
  • Isothermal lines, 89, 91.

  • Johnstown flood, 214, 215.

  • Kerosene, 149, 150.
  • Kilowatt, 351.

  • Lactic acid, 230.
  • Leaves, 132, 262.
  • Lens, 117-121.
    • concave, 118.
    • converging, 118.
    • crystalline, of eye, 122.
    • focal length, 118.
    • material, 119.
    • refractive power, 119.
  • Lever, 158-162.
    • examples, 160-162.
    • fulcrum, 159, 160.
  • Life, and carbon dioxide, 54.
    • and nitrogen, 261.
    • and oxygen, 49, 54.
  • Lifting pumps, 189-192.
  • Light, absorption, 135-138.
    • and heat, 142-147.
    • a wave motion, 145-147.
    • bent rays, 113, 114.
    • chemical action, 126-127.
    • disease, 131-132.
    • essential to life, 131, 132.
    • fading illumination, 105, 106.
    • influence on color, 134.
    • reflection of, 109-112.
    • refraction of, 113-125.
    • travels in a straight line, 108.
    • white, composed of colors, 134.
  • Lighting, artificial, 148-153.
  • Lime, chloride of, 240, 251.
  • Limewater, 220.
    • and carbon dioxide, 228.
  • Linen, bleaching, 241.
    • dyeing, 245-247.
  • Lines, of force, 329-331, 334.
    • isobaric, 88, 91.
    • isothermal, 89, 91.
  • Liquefaction of gases, 97, 98.
  • Liquid air, 98.
  • Liquid soap, 223, 224.
  • Litmus, action of acids, 220.
    • action of bases, 221, 222.
    • action of neutral substance, 222.
  • Logwood dyes, 245, 247, 248.
  • Los Angeles aqueduct, 211.
  • Lye, 221, 222.

  • Machines, compound, 171.
    • inclined plane, 162-166.
    • lever, 158-162.
    • pulley, 166-169.
    • wheel and axle, 169-171.
  • Madder, for dyes, 245.
  • Magnet, 328.
    • electro-, 319.
    • field of, 329-331.
    • lines of force about, 329-331.
    • poles of, 330-332.
    • properties of electricity, 318.
  • Magnetic, needle, 328.
    • poles, 329-331.
  • Magnifying power, of a lens, 115.
    • of a microscope, 115.
    • of a telescope, 115.
  • Mammoth Cave of Kentucky, 71.
  • Manganese dioxide, 46.
    • chlorine made from, 238.
    • oxygen made from, 46.
  • Marble, for carbon dioxide, 55.
  • Matches, 47.
    • safety, 47-48.
  • Matching colors, 137.
  • Matter, conservation of, 58, 59.
  • Meat, 66.
    • preservation of, 253.
  • Mechanical devices, 154, 155.
  • Melting, 39, 40.
  • Melting point, 40.
  • Melting substances without a definite melting point, 40.
  • Mercerized cotton, 218.
  • Mercury, barometer, 84.
    • thermometer, 14-17.
  • Metals, electroplating, 317.
    • preservation by paint, 253-254.
    • veins deposited by precipitation, 72, 73.
    • welding, 315.
  • Meter, gas, 93, 94.
  • Microörganisms, 132, 133.
  • Microscope, 115.
  • Milk, boiling point, 32.
    • Pasteurized, 250.
  • Minerals, in foods, 62, 63.
    • in water, 70, 71.
  • Mirrors, 108-112.
    • distance of image behind mirror, 111.
    • distance of object in front of mirror, 111.
    • image a duplicate of object. 111.
  • Molding of glass, 40.
  • Molecule, 100-103.
  • Mordants, 247, 248, 249.
  • Morphine, 257.
  • Morse, telegraphic code, 324.
  • Motion, in sound, 266, 278, 280.
    • in work, 156.
  • Motor, electric, 336.
    • principle of, 333.
    • street car, 337.
  • Mouth breathing, 50.
    • cause of, 51.
  • Movable pulley, 167, 168.
  • Music, 278.
  • Musical instruments, percussion, 299.
    • stringed, 284-295.
    • wind, 295, 299.
  • Musical scale, 282.

  • Naphtha in gas engines, 185.
  • Naphthalene, 152.
  • Narcotics, 255.
  • Natural gas, 152.
  • Needle, magnetic, 328.
  • Negative, electrode, 308.
    • photographic, 130.
  • Neutral substance, 222.
    • and litmus, 222.
  • Neutralization, 222.
  • Niagara Falls, 176.
  • Nitrogen, 66.
    • and bacteria, 263.
    • and plant life, 261.
    • in atmosphere, 261.
    • in fertilizer, 262-265.
    • in food, 66.
    • preparation of, 261.
    • properties of, 261.
  • Noise in music, 280.
  • Non-conductors, of electricity, 321-322.
    • of heat, 25.
  • Nutcracker, as a lever, 162.

  • Oboe, 297.
  • Octave, 284.
  • Odors, 101.
  • Ohm, unit of resistance, 345.
  • Oil, gasoline, 149, 150.
    • kerosene, 149, 150.
    • lubricating, 174.
    • olive, 16.
  • Orchestra grouping, 299.
  • Ore, 72.
  • Organ pipes, 297.
  • Overtones, 290-293.
  • Oxalic acid, 247, 248.
  • Oxidation, 45-59.
    • and decay, 49.
    • heat the result of, 49-52.
    • in human body, 49, 53.
    • of iron, 48.
  • Oxygen, 66.
    • and bleaching, 239.
    • and combustion, 45.
    • and food, 66.
    • and plants, 55.
    • and the human body, 50.
    • and water, 79, 80.
    • in the atmosphere, 45.
    • preparation of, 46.

  • Paint, as wood and metal preservatives, 253, 254.
    • removal of stains, 243.
  • Paper making, 219.
  • Paraffin, 150, 321.
  • Pasteurized milk, 250.
  • Patent medicines, 257-260.
  • Peas, sources of nitrogen, 263.
  • Pelton wheel, 177.
  • Percussion instruments, 299.
  • Period of a body, 273.
  • Peroxide of hydrogen, 53, 252
  • Petrolatum, 150.
  • Petroleum, 149, 150.
  • Phonograph, 303-305.
  • Phosphorus, in fertilizer, 263, 264.
    • in making nitrogen, 261.
    • in matches, 47, 48.
    • poisoning by, 47.
  • Photography, 127-131.
  • Photometer, 107.
  • Pianos, 284-292.
  • Pin wheel, 181.
  • Pitch of sound, 280, 281.
    • cause of, 282.
    • in wind instruments, 296-299.
  • Plane, inclined, 162-166.
  • Plants, and atmosphere, 55.
    • and light, 131-132.
    • and nitrogen, 261.
  • Plate developing, photographic, 128.
  • Pneumatic dispatch tube, 205.
  • Poles, magnetic, 330-332.
    • of cell, 308.
  • Positive electrode, 308.
  • Potash, in fertilizer, 263-265.
  • Potassium chlorate and oxygen, 46.
    • permanganate, 100.
    • tartrate and Rochelle salt, 227.
  • Power, candle, 105-107.
    • electric, 351.
    • horse, 173, 351.
    • sources of, 174, 175, 185.
    • transmission by belts, 171.
    • water, 176-180.
  • Precipitation, 72, 73.
  • Preservatives, food, 252.
    • wood and metal, 253-254.
  • Pressure, atmospheric, 82-86.
    • calculation of atmospheric, 83, 84.
    • calculation of gas, 92, 93.
    • calculation of water, 94.
    • gauge, 92-94.
    • of illuminating gas, 93.
    • relation of pressure of gas to volume, 95, 96.
    • water pressure, 208-211, 214-216.
    • within the body, 86.
  • Primary colors, 135.
  • Print, photographic, 131.
  • Printing, color designs in cloth, 248, 249.
    • electrotype, 317.
  • Prisms, 135.
    • refraction through, 117.
  • Proteids, 66.
  • Pulleys, 166-169.
    • applications of, 169.
  • Pump, 187-205.
    • air, 201-205.
    • force, 192, 193.
    • lifting, 189-192.
  • Pupil of the eye, 122.
  • Pure food laws, bleaching, 242.
    • preservatives, 252.
  • Purification of water, 77, 196.
  • Push button, 321.

  • Radiator, 19-21.
  • Railroads, grading of, 165-166.
  • Rain, 36, 37.
  • Rainbow, 134.
  • Rain water, 225.
  • Reflection, angle of, 110.
    • of light, 109-112.
    • of sound, 278, 279.
  • Refraction, angle of, 114.
    • by atmosphere, 114.
    • of light, 113.
    • uses of, 115-116.
  • Relay, telegraph, 325.
  • Reservoir, 214.
    • artificial, 211.
    • construction of, 214-216.
    • natural, 211.
  • Resistance, electrical, 312.
    • internal, of cell, 343.
    • unit of, 345.
  • Resonance, 276.
  • River, volume and value of, 180.
  • Roads, application of inclined plane to, 165-166.
  • Rochelle salt, 227, 231.
  • Rocks, effect of freezing water on, 42-43.
    • water as a solvent, 71.
  • Rosin, obtained by distillation, 35.

  • Safety matches, 47-48.
  • Salicylic acid, 253.
  • Salt, 227-228.
  • Salts, 227.
    • general properties, 227.
    • in ocean, 227.
    • smelling, 222.
  • Saturation of air, 37.
  • Scale, musical, 282.
  • Screw, and inclined plane, 166.
  • Seaweed, 265.
  • Seidlitz powder, 231.
  • Self-raising flour, 231.
  • Sewage, disposition of, 198-199.
    • of camps, 196.
    • source of revenue, 201.
  • Sewer gas, 57.
  • Silk, bleaching, 241.
    • dyeing, 245-247.
  • Silver chloride, 127-131.
  • Simple colors, 138.
  • Simple substances, 103.
  • Siren, 280.
  • Smelling salts, 222.
  • Snow, 36-37.
  • Soap, 222-224.
    • and hard water, 225.
    • liquid, 223-224.
    • preparation, 223.
  • Soda, baking, 227, 228-229.
    • benzoate, 253.
    • caustic, 218, 222, 223, 227.
    • washing, 225, 226, 229.
  • Soda mints, 231.
  • Sodium, bicarbonate, 56, 227, 228, 230-231.
    • carbonate, 228.
    • chloride, 228.
  • Soil, deposited by streams, 73.
  • Solenoid, 318.
  • Solution, 70.
  • Soothing sirup, 258.
  • Sound, and motion, 266, 278.
    • musical, 278.
    • nature of, 266.
    • reflection, 277.
    • speed of, 271-272.
    • transmission of, 267-271.
    • velocity of, 271-272.
    • waves, 272-274.
  • Sounder, telegraph, 324.
  • Sounding board, 277.
  • Sour milk in cooking, 230.
  • Specific heat, 28-29.
  • Spectrum, 134-135.
  • Speed, of sound, 271, 272.
  • Spontaneous combustion, 52.
  • Stains, removal of, 226, 243.
  • Standpipes, 212.
  • Starch, 65.
  • Steam, and work, 183-184.
    • engine, 183-185.
    • heat of vaporization, 32.
    • heating by, 33.
    • turbine, 183-184.
  • Steel, forging and annealing, 16.
  • Stoves, 18-19.
  • Streams, carriers of mud, 73.
    • volume of, 179-180.
  • Street cars, electric, 337.
  • Stringed instruments, 284-295.
  • Strings, vibrating, 286-290.
  • Sugar, 16, 65.
    • fermented by yeast, 234.
  • Sulphur, 66.
    • as disinfectant, 251.
    • in making sulphurous acid, 242.
  • Sulphuric acid, in bleaching, 240,241.
    • in fire extinguisher, 55.
    • in making of hydrogen, 80.
    • in voltaic cell, 307.
  • Sulphurous acid, in bleaching, 242.
    • preparation, 242.
  • Sun, energy derived from, 143-144.
    • source of heat, 29-30.
  • Sunlight, 135.
    • and bacteria, 133.
    • and chemical action, 126-127.
  • Sympathetic vibrations, 274-277.

  • Tallow, 105, 148.
  • Tartar, cream of, 229.
  • Telegraph, 322.
    • long distance, 327.
    • relay, 325.
    • sounder, 324.
  • Telephone, 350-351.
  • Temperature, 13-14.
    • as measurement of heat present, 27.
    • in detecting adulterants, 17.
    • in forging steel, 16.
    • in making sirups, 16.
    • measurement of, 14-15.
  • Thermometer, 14-17.
    • Centigrade, 15.
    • Fahrenheit, 15.
  • Tinder box, 47.
  • Transmission, of light, 145-147.
    • of sound, 267-271.
  • Tuning fork, 266, 273, 278, 290.
  • Turbine, steam, 183.
    • water, 178.
  • Turpentine, and grease, 226.
    • by distillation, 35.

  • Unleavened bread, 233.

  • Vacuum, sound in, 268.
  • Vapor, in atmosphere, 36-38.
  • Vaporization, heat of, 32.
  • Varnish, on candies, 253.
  • Vegetable matter, and coal, 30.
    • and gas, 30.
    • and oil, 30.
  • Veins, formation in rock, 72-73.
  • Velocity, of sound, 271-272.
  • Ventilation, 21-24, 54.
    • need of, 38.
  • Vibration, of strings, 286-290.
    • sympathetic, 274-277.
  • Viola, 295.
  • Violin, 295.
  • Violoncello, 295.
  • Vocal cords, 300.
  • Voice, 300.
  • Volt, 344.
  • Voltage, 345.
  • Voltaic cell, 306-308, 310.
  • Voltmeter, 344.
  • Volume, of a stream, 179-180.
    • relation of pressure of a gas, 95-96.

  • Washing powders, 224-226.
    • soda, 229.
  • Water, action in nature, 70-74.
    • amount used daily per person, 181.
    • and hydrogen, 79.
    • and oxygen, 79, 80.
    • as solvent, 70-71.
    • boiling, 77.
    • boiling point, 15.
    • composition, 79-80.
    • condensation, 33.
    • dams and reservoirs, 214-216.
    • density, 11.
    • distilled, 34, 77.
    • drinking, 75-77, 195-201.
    • electrolysis, 79-80.
    • evaporation, 33-34.
    • expansion, 9-10, 41-42.
    • filtration, 77.
    • freezing, 40-41.
    • hard, 225.
    • heat of fusion, 40.
    • impurities, 76-77.
    • in atmosphere, 36-38.
    • in food, 75.
    • in human body, 75.
    • in vegetables, 75.
    • influence on climate, 29, 40.
    • irrigation, 193-194.
    • minerals in, 70-71.
    • ocean, 265.
    • power, 176-180.
    • precipitates, 72, 73.
    • pressure, 208-211, 214-216.
    • purification, 77.
    • rain, 225.
    • running, value of, 178-180.
    • source of, 78.
    • steam, 32.
    • waves, 145-147.
    • weight, 208-209, 215.
    • wells, 195-201.
    • wheels, 176-180.
    • work under, 203-205.
  • Water supply, and forests, 216-217.
    • cost, 212-214.
    • of city, 206-212, 217.
  • Watt, 351.
  • Waves, heat, 145-147.
    • light, 145-147.
    • sound, 268, 272-274.
    • water, 145-147.
  • Weather, bureau, 87-91.
    • forecasts, 38-39, 86-88.
    • relation of water to, 29, 40.
  • Weather maps, 89-91.
  • Wedge, and inclined plane, 166.
  • Weight, of air, 86.
    • of water, 208-209, 215.
  • Welding, by electricity, 315.
  • Wells, 195-201.
    • drilled, 199.
    • driven, 196-197.
  • Wheel and axle, 169-171.
    • cogwheels, 170.
    • windlass, 169.
  • Wheelbarrow as lever, 160-161.
  • White light, nature of, 135.
  • Wind instruments, 297-301.
  • Windlass, 169.
  • Windmill, 174-175, 180-182.
  • Winds, 24.
  • Wine, 232, 234.
  • Wood, as source of charcoal, 58.
    • ashes in soap making, 223.
    • in paper making, 219.
    • preservation, 253-254.
  • Wool, bleaching, 241.
    • dyeing, 245-247.
  • Work, 156-186.
    • and steam, 183-184.
    • and water, 176-180.
    • conservation, 174-175.
    • formula, 157.
    • machines, 157-175.
    • unit of, 172-173.
    • waste, 173.
  • Woven designs in cloth, 249.

  • Yeast, 234-236.
    • wild, 235-236.

  • Zinc, in galvanizing iron, 49.
    • in making hydrogen, 80.
    • in voltaic cell, 307-308.