W. 1381. "A mere lad accomplished these deeds at the end of seven years after his birth," ¹continued Fiachu son of Fiarba;¹ "for he overcame heroes and battle-champions at whose hands two-thirds of the men of Ulster had fallen, and these had not got their revenge on them until that scion rose up for them. No need then is there of wonder or of surprise, though he came to the border, though he slew one man or two men or three men or four men, ²though he cut off the four-headed pole with one cut and one blow of his shining sword² when now are fulfilled his seventeen years at the time of the Táin Bó Cúalnge."

³Albeit gladness, joy and happiness was the part of the men of Ulster for that, sorrow, grief and unhappiness was the part of the men of Erin, for they knew that the little lad that had done those deeds in the time of his boyhood, it would be no wonder if he should do great deeds of valour in the time of his manhood.³

These, accordingly, are some of the youthful exploits of Cuchulain on the Raid for the Kine of Cualnge, and the Prologue of the Tale, and the Names of the Roads and the March of the Host up to this Point.

The Story proper is this which follows now.

VIIc. ¹BELOW IS A SEPARATE VERSION AS FAR AS THE SLAYING OF ORLAM

"Let us fare forth now," quoth Ailill. Thereafter they reached Mag Mucceda ('the plain of the Swineherd.') Cuchulain lopped off an oak that was before him in that place and set an ogam-writing on its side. This is what was on it: 'That no one should pass by till a chariot-warrior with a chariot should overleap it.'

They pitch there their tents and proceed to leap over the oak in their chariots. Thereat thirty horses fall and thirty chariots are broken. Now, Belach Anè ('the Pass of Sport') is the name of that place forever.

They bide there till morning. Fraech ²son of Fidach² was summoned to them. "Help us, O Fraech," spake Medb; "deliver us from the strait we are in. Rise up for us to meet Cuchulain, if perchance thou wilt fight him."

Betimes in the morning, with nine men Fraech went out from thence till he arrived at Ath Fuait, when he saw the youth Cuchulain bathing in the river. "Bide here," spake Fraech to his people, "till I fight with yonder man; he is not good in the water," said he. He doffs his clothes and goes into the water to meet him. "Come not before me," cried Cuchulain; "it shall be thy death and it would grieve me to kill thee." "Nay, but I will go," answered Fraech, "so that we come together in the water, and it behoves thee to engage with me." "Settle that as seemeth thee good," Cuchulain made answer. "Each of us with his arms round the other," said Fraech. They fall to wrestling for a long time in the water and Fraech is thrust under. Cuchulain brings him above again. "This time," spake Cuchulain, "wilt thou acknowledge that I saved thee?" "I will not," Fraech answered. Cuchulain thrusts him under again, so that Fraech is destroyed. He is placed on the ground. His people bear the body ¹⁰with them¹⁰ to the camp. Ath Fraeich ('Fraech's Ford') is the name of that ford for ever. All the army keen ²their² Fraech, till they see a troop of women, in green tunics standing over the corpse of Fraech son of Fidach. These women bear him into the fairy dwelling. Sid Fraeich ('Fraech's Mound') is the name of the Elfmound ever since.

Fergus leaps over the oak-stump in his ³own³ chariot ⁴and knocks off its head.^{4 5}According to another version,⁵ they proceed till they reach ⁶Ath Meislir.⁶ Cuchulain destroys six of them there, namely, ⁷Meislir et reliqua,^{7 8}the six Dungals of Irrus.⁸

They go thence to Fornocht. Medb had a whelp named Baiscnè. Cuchulain made a cast at him, so that he struck off his head. Now, Druim ('Ridge') is the name of that place ever after.¹

⁹According to another version, however, it is there that the youth who was in the chariot by the side of Medb and the pet bird were slain by the casts, but, according to this version, that happened after the slaying of Orlam.⁹

W. 1393. The four grand provinces of Erin set forth on the morrow eastwards over Cronn ('the Round'), which is a mountain. Cuchulain had gone out before them, till he came upon the charioteer of Orlam son of Aililla and of Medb. This was at Tamlacht Orlaim ('Orlam's Gravestone') ¹a little to the¹ north of Disert Lochaid ('Lochat's Hermitage'). The charioteer was engaged in cutting chariot-poles from a holly-tree in the wood. ²But according to another version it is the hind pole of Cuchulain's chariot that was broken and it was to cut a pole he had gone when Orlam's charioteer came up.^{2 3}According to this version, it was the charioteer who was cutting the pole.³

⁴Not long was the battle-victorious Hound there when he heard a sound and an uproar.⁴ "Behold, O Laeg," cried Cuchulain; "⁵who of the host of the foe have come into this land to carry off a share of cattle and booty from the province wherein they came?⁵ How bold are the ways of the Ulstermen, if it be they that cut down the woods in this fashion in the face of the men of Erin. But, ⁶check the horses and hold the chariot.⁶ Tarry thou here a little, till I know who cuts down the woods in this manner." Then Cuchulain went on till he came up to ⁷Orlam's⁷ charioteer, W. 1401. ¹to stop him; he thought he was one of the men of Ulster.¹ "What dost thou here, gilla?" asked Cuchulain. "Indeed, then," answered the gilla, "I cut chariot-poles from this holm, because our chariots were broken yesterday in pursuit of that famous wildling, namely Cuchulain. And for thy manhood's sake, young warrior, pray come to my aid, so that that famous Cuchulain come not upon me." "Take thy choice, gilla," said Cuchulain, "to gather or to trim them, either." "I will see to gathering them, for it is easier," ²the gilla answered.² Cuchulain started to cut the poles and he drew them between the forks of his feet and his hands against their bends and their knots, so that he made them smooth and straight and slippery and trimmed; he polished them so that not even a midge could find footing thereon when he had passed them away from him. Then full sure the gilla gazed upon him. "Far then, meseems, from fitting is the task I put on thee. ³And for love of thy valour,³ who art thou, say, O warrior?" the gilla asked, ⁴for he was sore affrighted.⁴ "That same renowned Cuchulain am I of whom thou spakest ⁵a while ago⁵ in the morning." "Woe is me then, by reason of this," cried the gilla; "for this am I lost forever." ^*LL. fo. 68b. ⁶"Whence comest thou ⁷and who art thou⁷?" Cuchulain asked. "Charioteer am I of Orlam, Ailill's son and Medb's,"^{6 8}said he.^{8 9}"Fear nothing;⁹ I will not slay thee at all, boy," said Cuchulain; "for I slay nor charioteers nor horseboys nor persons unarmed. But, prithee, where is thy master, ¹⁰gilla¹⁰?" "Over yonder by the trench, ¹¹with his back to the pillar-stone,¹¹" answered the gilla. "Off with thee thither to him and bear him a warning that he be on his guard. For if we meet he shall fall by my hand."

W. 1419. Thereupon the charioteer repaired ¹by one way¹ to his master, ²and Cuchulain went by another,² and fast as the gilla sped to Orlam, faster still Cuchulain did reach him ³and offered him combat³ and he struck off his head, and raising it aloft displayed it to the men of Erin, ⁴and he flourished it in the presence of the host.^{4 5}Then he put the head on the charioteer's back and said, "Take this with thee, and so go to the camp. Unless thou goest so, a stone out of my sling will reach thee."

When the charioteer came nigh to the camp he took the head from his back and told his adventures to Ailill and Medb. "It is not the same, this exploit and the catching of birds," quoth she. "And he told me" (said the boy), "unless I brought it on my back to the camp, he would break my head with a stone."^{5 6}Hence Leaca Orlaim ('Orlam's Flagstones') to the north of Disert Lochaid is the name of the place where he fell. Tamlachta ('Gravestones') is another name for it, and it is for this reason it is so called because of the little gravestones and the violent deaths which Cuchulain worked on it."⁶

VIIIa. ¹THE SLAYING OF THE THREE MacARACH¹

W. 1425. Then came the three macArach on to the ford at Ard Ciannacht to encounter Cuchulain: Lon ('Ousel'), Uala ('Pride'), and Diliu ('Deluge');—Meslir ('Lir's Fosterling'), and Meslaoc ('Hero's Fosterling'), and Meslethain ('Lethan's Fosterling') were the names of their charioteers. This is why they came to engage with Cuchulain, for the deed he had done the day before they deemed past bearing, when the two sons of Nera son of Nuatar, son of Tacan, were slain at Ath Gabla ('Fork-ford'), and Orlam, Ailill's son and Medb's, was slain withal and his head displayed to the men of Erin, so that ²their desire was² to kill Cuchulain in the same manner ³in revenge for him,^{3 4}and that they should be the ones to rid the host of that pest⁴ and bring his head with them to set it aloft. They went into the wood and cut off three ⁵great⁵ white-hazel wood-strips (and put them) into the hands of their charioteers, so that the six of them might engage in battle at one and the same time with Cuchulain. Cuchulain turned on them and smote their six heads from them. Thus fell the macArach at the hands of Cuchulain, ⁶because they observed not fair fight with him. At that same time Orlam's charioteer was between Ailill and Medb. Cuchulain slung a stone at him, so that it broke his head and his brains came out over his ears. Fertedil was his name. Hence it is not true that Cuchulain slew no charioteers. Albeit he slew them not without fault.⁶

VIIIb. ¹THE COMBAT OF LETHAN AND CUCHULAIN¹

W. 1439. There came also Lethan ('the Broad') to his ford on the Nith in the land of Conalle Murthemni, to fight with Cuchulain. ²He was angered at what Cuchulain had wrought.² He came upon him at the ford. Ath Carpait ('Chariot-ford') is the name of the ford where they fought, for their chariots were broken in the combat on the ford. It is there that Mulcha, ³Lethan's charioteer,³ fell on the ⁴shoulder of the⁴ hill between the two fords, ⁵for he had offered battle and combat to Laeg son of Riangabair.⁵ Hence it is called Guala Mulchi ('Mulcha's Shoulder') ever since. It is there, too, that Cuchulain and Lethan met, and Lethan fell at Cuchulain's hands and he smote his head from his neck on the ford and left it therewith, that is, he left the head with the trunk. Wherefore the name of the ford ⁶of the Nith⁶ was called Ath Lethain ('Lethain's Ford') ever since in the district of Conalle Murthemni.

Then came ⁷unto them⁷ the Crutti Cainbili ('the Tuneful Harpers'), from Ess Ruaid in the north to amuse them, ⁸out of friendship for Ailill and Medb.⁸ They opined it was to spy upon them ⁹they were come⁹ from Ulster. ¹⁰When they came within sight of the camp of the men of Erin, fear, terror, and dread possessed them,¹⁰ and the hosts pursued W. 1450. them as never men pursued, far and wide, till they escaped them in the shapes of deer near the standing stones at Lia Mor ('Great Stone') ¹in the north.¹ For though they were known as the 'Mellifluous Harpers' they were ²druids,² men of great cunning and great power of augury and magic.

VIIIc. ¹THE KILLING OF THE SQUIRREL AND OF THE TAME BIRD¹

W. 1456. Then Cuchulain made a threat ²in Methè² that wherever he saw Medb he would cast a stone at her and that it would not go far from the side of her head. That he also fulfilled. In the place where he saw Medb west of the ford he cast a stone from his sling at her, so that it killed the pet bird that was on her shoulder. Medb passed over the ford eastwards, and again he cast a stone from his sling at her east of the ford, so that it killed the tame squirrel that was on her shoulder. Hence the names of those places are still, Meide in Togmail ('Squirrel's Neck') and Meide ind Eoin ('Bird's Neck'). And Ath Srethe ('Ford of the Throw') is the name of the ford over which Cuchulain cast the stone from his sling.

³Then Reuin was drowned in his lake. Hence is Loch Reuin. "Your companion is not afar off from you," cried Ailill to the Manè. They stood up and looked around. When they sat down again, Cuchulain struck one of them so that his head was split. "It is well it was thou hast essayed that; thy^a mirth was not seemly," quoth Manè the fool; "it is I would have taken his head off." Cuchulain flung a stone at him, so that his head was split. Thus these people were slain: Orlam, first of all, on his hill; the three sons of Arach^a on their ford; Fertidil in his ... (?); Maenan on his hill. "I swear by the god by whom my people swear," cried Ailill; "the man that scoffs at Cuchulain here I will make two halves of. But above all let us hasten our way by day and by night," Ailill continued, "till we come to Cualnge. That man will slay two-thirds of your host in this fashion."³

¹Then did the men of Erin deliberate about going to ravage and lay waste Mag Breg and Meath and the plain of Conall and the land of Cuchulain; and it was in the presence of Fergus macRoig they discussed it.¹

W. 1465. The four grand provinces of Erin moved out on the morrow, and began to harry the plains of Breg and Murthemne. And the sharp, keen-edged anxiety ^*LL. fo. 69a. for Cuchulain came over his fosterer Fergus. And he bade the men of Erin be on their guard that night, for that Cuchulain would come upon them. And here again he sang in his praise, as we wrote it before,^b and he uttered the lay:—

After this lay, that was the day that Donn ('the Brown Bull') of Cualnge came into the land of Marginè ¹to Sliab Culinn¹ and with him fifty heifers of the heifers ²of Ulster;² and there he was pawing and digging up the earth in that place, ³in the land of Marginè, in Cualnge;³ that is, he flung the turf over him with his heels. ⁴While the hosts were marching over Mag Breg, Cuchulain in the meanwhile laid hands on their camps.⁴ It was on the same day that the Morrigan, daughter of Ernmas, ⁵the prophetess⁵ of the fairy-folk, came ⁶in the form of a bird,⁶ and she perched on the standing-stone in Temair of Cualnge giving the Brown Bull of Cualnge warning ⁷and lamentations⁷ before the men of Erin. Then she began to address him and what she said was this: "Good, now, O luckless one, thou Brown Bull of Cualnge," so spake the Morrigan; "take heed; for the men of Erin. ⁸are on thy track and seeking thee⁸ and they will come upon thee, and ⁹if thou art taken⁹ they will carry thee away to their camp ¹⁰like any ox on a raid,¹⁰ unless thou art on thy guard." And she commenced to give warning to him in this fashion, ¹¹telling him he would be slain on the Táin, and she delivered this judgement¹¹ and spake these words aloud:^a—

"Knows not the restless Brown of the ¹²truly deadly¹² W. 1502. fray that is not uncertain?—A raven's^a croak—The raven that doth not conceal—Foes range your checkered plain—¹Troops on raids¹—I have a secret—Ye shall know ... The waving fields—The deep-green grass ... and rich, soft plain—Wealth of flowers' splendour—Badb's cow-lowing—Wild the raven—Dead the men—A tale of woe—Battle-storms^b on Cualnge evermore, to the death of mighty sons—Kith looking on the death of kin!"

²When the Brown Bull of Cualnge heard those words² he moved on to Glenn na Samaisce ('Heifers' Glen') in Sliab Culinn ('Hollymount') ³in the north of Ulster,³ and fifty of his heifers with him, ⁴and his herdsman accompanied him; Forgemen was the name of the cowherd.^{4 5}And he threw off the thrice fifty boys who were wont to play on his back and he destroyed two-thirds of the boys.⁵ This was one of the magic virtues of the Brown Bull of Cualnge: Fifty heifers he would cover every day. These calved before that same hour on the next day and such of them that calved not ⁶at the due time⁶ burst with the calves, because they could not suffer the begetting of the Brown Bull of Cualnge. One of the magic virtues of the Brown Bull of Cualnge were the fifty ⁷grown⁷ youths who engaged in games, ⁸who⁸ on his fine back ⁹found room⁹ every evening ¹⁰to play draughts and assembly^c and leaping¹⁰; ¹¹he would not put them from him nor would he totter under them.¹¹ Another of the magic virtues of the Brown Bull of Cualnge was the hundred warriors W. 1535. he screened from the heat and the cold under his shadow and shelter. Another of the magic virtues of the Brown Bull of Cualnge was that no goblin nor boggart nor sprite of the glen dared come into one and the same cantred with him. Another of the magic virtues of the Brown Bull of Cualnge was his musical lowing every evening as he returned to his haggard, his shed and his byre. It was music enough and delight for a man in the north and in the south, ¹in the east and the west,¹ and in the middle of the cantred of Cualnge, the lowing he made at even as he came to his haggard, his shed, and his byre. These, then, are some of the magic virtues of the Brown Bull of Cualnge.

Thereupon on the morrow the hosts proceeded among the rocks and dunes of the land of Conalle Murthemni. ³Cuchulain killed no one from Sailè ('the Sea') around Dorthè in the land of Conalle, until he reached Cualnge. At that time Cuchulain was in Cuincè, ²that is a mountain.² He had threatened that, where he would see Medb, he would hurl a stone at her head. It was not easy to do this, for it was thus Medb went, with half the host around her and their canopy of shields over her head.³ And Medb ordered a canopy of shields to be held over her head in order that Cuchulain might not strike her from the hills or hillocks or heights. Howbeit on that day, no killing nor attack came from Cuchulain upon the men of Erin, in the land of Murthemne among the rocks and dunes of Conalle Murthemni.

VIIId. ¹THE SLAYING OF LOCHE¹

W. 1552. The warriors of four of the five grand provinces of Erin bided their time in Redè Lochè in Cualnge and pitched camp and took quarters therein for that night. Medb bade her fair handmaiden from amongst her attendants to go for her to the river for water for drinking and washing. Lochè was the name of the maiden. Thereupon Lochè went, and fifty^a women in her train and the queen's diadem of gold on her head. And Cuchulain ²espied them and he^{2 3}put a stone on his sling and³ cast ^*LL. fo. 69b. a stone from his ⁴staff⁴-sling at her, so that he broke the diadem of gold in three pieces and killed the maiden on her plain. Thence is Redè Lochè ('the Plain of Lochè') in Cualnge. For Cuchulain had thought, for want of acquaintance and knowledge, that it was Medb that was there.

⁵From Finnabair of Cualnge the hosts divided and set the country on fire. They gathered all their women and boys and girls and cattle in Cualnge together so that they all were in Finnabair. "Ye have not fared well," quoth Medb; "I see not the bull amongst you." "He is not in the land at all," replied every one. They summoned Lothar, the cowherd, to Medb. "Where, thinkest thou, is the bull?" she asked. "I have great fear to tell," said the cowherd. "The night," said he, "that the Ulstermen fell into their 'Pains,' the Donn went and three score heifers along with him; and he is at Dubcaire Glinni Gat ('the Black Corrie of the Osier-glen')." "Rise," said Medb, "and take a withy between each two of you." And they do accordingly. Hence is the name, Glenn Gatt, of that glen.

Then they led the bull to Finnabair. In the place where the bull saw Lothar, the cowherd, he attacked him, and soon he carried his entrails out on his horns and together with his thrice fifty heifers he attacked the camp, so that fifty warriors perished. Hence this is the Tragical Death of Lothar on the Táin ¹and the Finding of the Bull according to this version.^{1 2}Thereafter the bull went from them away from the camp and they knew not whither he had gone from them and they were ashamed. Medb asked the cowherd if he might know where the bull was. "I trow he is in the wilds of Sliab Culinn."² Then they turned back ravaging Cualnge and they found not the bull there.⁵