For instance, a dog might be associated to D(0.1,0) (10% of the capacity to operate image models compared to a human and zero capacity to operate symbolic models). We have the tendency to communicate with dogs and do not have an exagerated tendency to exterminate them. On the other hand, we have the tendency to exterminate mosquitoes which have an extremely low I value and S=0.

We can go on with calibration studying the interaction among humans. For instance, the Asiatic have clearly a higher I value than the Europeans, and the Europeans have higher S.

Once the system is somehow calibrated, extrapolation to given situations is possible. Based on prediction, we can evaluate which are the limits for I and S for a friendly or unfriendly interaction.

Let's not forget that no prediction of the model can be verified yet in interaction with external reality. However, the fact that we have a collection of predictions, brings us a huge advantage. If some facts from external reality could be in the range of predictions of the model, we will be already prepared to interpret them in specific conditions. Thus, some facts can be explained if ET had a certain formula. Anyways, we already have a collection of probable behaviours, which represents a big advantage, when some facts from external reality could be explained by the existence of ET.

We can go even further. Depending on the formula chosen for ET, models of civilisation could be built for each type of ET. Again, the model can be calibration based on known types of human society, including those existing in the past, and extrapolating to various formulas for ET.

Please remember that even if ET existed in external reality, and even if MDT gave exact predictions, it does not result from here in any way, that ET have brains which function as MDT considers.

A positive science only declares the model and gives predictions. If, based on verifying the predictions, we get confidence in the model, then the model will be used in other similar situations, as useful. Never and with no positive science do we expect that it will show us "the truth" or it will offer guarantees or certainties. A positive science, as we have shown above, makes predictions. If the model makes good predictions, we will use it again, and that's all.

Let's see another possible direct practical application associated to the above example. We could build models to tell us what could happen with human society if S=2. Or, what would happen if the dispersion in S increases too much. This means to find out, for instance, if a danger exists for civilization if 50% of humans have S=0.5 and 50% have S=1.5. Perspectives look fascinating!

ETA 22: Direct demonstration of the function to create image models

The basic assumption of MDT is that the brain builds and operates models automatically (this is a hardware function). An exercise is described below which demonstrates directly this basic assumption.

The absolute majority of beings (human or animal) have two eyes. They generate two plane images but what we see is a single tri-dimensional image (photographic-type image model) in accordance with MDT. Moreover, if we have a single plane image (we look with one eye) the brain will continue to build the tri-dimensional model.

But we have got a problem: with a single plane image we have not enough information to build a tri-dimensional image. However we have a "compensation": the brain is an extremely powerful system. It will use any kind of supplementary information to build first a tri-dimensional image and then, the tri-dimensional model. In the following, we will describe an exercise for beginners to demonstrate this.

We need to watch TV with a single eye in a room with no additional light source. The glass surface of the screen has to be absolutely invisible (there should be absolutely no reflection of light on it). We have to sit in front of a normal screen at least at 3 meters distance (we should not be able to see the pixels which build up the image). The screen should show a familiar picture, from common external reality, in normal perspective, and the image has to change slowly.

If, under these circumstances, we watch the screen with one eye, after some training, we will see a tri-dimensional image. This experiment proves directly that the basic function of the brain is to make image models.

The generation of tri-dimensional models by the brain starting from a plane image is known for a long time. This appeared at the same time with the expansion of art painting trade, many hundreds of years ago. Thus, a painter used to paint first the foreground, and later the background. A good painter had the whole tri-dimensional model in his head, and the background connected perfectly with the foreground, even if the background was painted a lot later. In some paintings, the background or some components of the painting do not match perfectly (a poor painter) and this could be noticed by art experts looking at the painting with one eye.

Rembrandt painted scenes with groups of people. However, some people in the group could be "closer" or "farther" from the viewer. When such a compact group is watched with a single eye, one can notice that the painter had painted them correctly (the persons farther out are slightly smaller). Our brain can notice tiny differences, because it reconstructs the 3-D model.

By the way: to build a 3D model based on a single plane image is an operation which requires an immense capacity of processing of information. In spite of its huge power, the brain has problems with the capacity of processing such a huge amount of information. As in principle there is not enough information for such an operation, the brain has to guess one or several probable models, which have to be verified. From my direct experience, in order to guess a 3D model from a plane image ones has to be in a very good physical and psychical shape.

ETA 23: Some basic parameters of the brain for measuring performance

Based on the fundamental theory, I have listed several basic functional facilities of the brain, exclusively as an introduction to the problem evaluation.

1. The capacity to build and operate image models (arts, many games, paranormal qualities…) 2. The capacity to build and operate symbolic models (positive science, technologies…) 3. The capacity to build and operate purely symbolic models (Quantum Mechanics…) 4. The capacity to integrate an image into a pre-existing image model 5. The capacity to translate an image model to GCL (description of an image model) 6. The capacity to translate a symbolic model to GCL (the symbolic model is associated to a certain case, translated to an image model and described in words) 7. The capacity to translate an image model to a symbolic model (general abilities in science) 8. The capacity to translate a symbolic model to an image model 9. The capacity to integrate symbolic information into an image model 10. The capacity to build concept-type image models from a family of image models 11. The capacity to build a concept-type symbolic model from a family of symbolic models. 12. The capacity to integrate symbolic information into a symbolic model 13. The speed to build/operate image models 14. The speed to build/operate symbolic models 15. The speed to build long range image models 16. The speed to build long range symbolic models 17. The speed/capacity to update preexisting models 18. The capacity/speed to build shielding models 19. The capacity to build a new model in front of a new external reality 20. The speed of finding a pre-existing model suitable to a new external reality 21. The speed of activation and deactivation by MZM of a preexisting model in front of a changing external reality. This implies both finding the suitable model and initializing it to the given external reality 22. The capacity to operate in time-sharing several models in front of a complex external reality

This list can continue, as the brain is extremely complex.

For instance: Endurance parameters (e.g. the quality of the technological implementation), dynamical parameters (e.g. the speed and stability of the operations, how fast one can switch from one operation to another in transient and stationary mode).

In the general theory, the brain appears as having two basic facilities: to build and operate ZM models associated to external reality, and to act on the external reality, based on a ZAM model. The facility of action on the external reality has a number of parameters, starting from building ZAM suitable to the external reality and ending with the capacity of activation of the action models.

This possible list of parameters is far from characterizing completely the brain.

From this we can see the naivete and ridicule of the present so-called intelligence tests. These tests are ridiculous, because there is no fundamental theory, which could at least define and correlate the used terms.

My theory says that there are facilities associated to image and to symbolic models (there are arts and sciences, watches are analog or digital, on computer screens we have icons and text etc.) We also have facilities associated with obtaining information from the external reality and facilities associated with modifying the external reality. A minimum observation of the external reality suggests four independent groups of IQ tests: action/knowledge on image/symbolic models. As this is not the case, the present IQ tests are naive and ridiculous, not only from the point of view of MDT.

In the following we will give a structure of fundamental IQ tests based on MDT: 1. The capacity to build M image models 2. The capacity to build YM image models (concept models) 3. The capacity to assimilate image YM 4. The capacity to build symbolic YM 5. The capacity to assimilate symbolic YM 6. The capacity to assimilate image ZM 7. The capacity to build image ZM 8. The capacity to assimilate symbolic ZM 9. The capacity to build symbolic ZM 10. The capacity to assimilate symbolic ZAM 11. The capacity to build symbolic ZAM 12. The capacity to assimilate image ZAM 13. The capacity to build image ZAM 14. The capacity to activate symbolic ZAM 15. The capacity to activate image ZAM 16. The capacity to build image AZM 17. The capacity to activate image AZM

Example: For a person who has to be a public relations representative for a business, the qualities which will count, on first place, are the capacity to assimilate symbolic and/or image models and to act based on them. He has to have a reduced tendency to build own models, in order to be fit to the requirements of the position. A person who will work in scientific research has to have capabilities to create new symbolic models.

Among these capabilities, interdependence should exist. We can suppose that persons who have the tendency to build models will have difficulties to assimilate external models. Their tendency will be to modify any external model in a personal manner. At the same time a person with capabilities of assimilation of external models, will have diffculties in building own new models, and will not try to modify the assimilated models, even if they are not suitable to the external reality anymore.

Other parameters associated to the brain are connected with the stability of these capabilities, on long/ short term, and in normal or extreme conditions. These parameters will charactrize the reliability of these capabilities in special conditions.

Based on this theory and further work, a collection of human types will be possibly established as a list of numerical paramters. As soon as a person is considered to belong to a specific type, he/she will know that his/her chances to socially integrate are big, if he/she will pursue the domain where he/she has adequate qualities.

The above examples are only as an illustration of the capabilities of MDT in this field. A fundamental theory as MDT cannot be used directly to solve specific problems. It creates a basis and a referential system, where specific problems associated with some sections of the extrenal reality can be solved.

ETA 24: Animals

Bees

A basic characteristic of a bee is its flight beyond its visual limit. It can fly some hundreds of meters from the beehive, while it can identify objects only withing a few meters distance. In consequence, the bee must navigate. Navigation means, in principle, the existence of a map, compass and of a dynamical system of finding the actual position on the map. If we can make only suppositions about the compass and the dynamical positioning system, as to the map, we find ourselves in the action zone of the theory. A map is an image model. The brain builds simplified models (maps) of the external reality, marking the position of the beehive and the position of the bee in flight and updating that all the time.

When a young bee comes out of the beehive, it will start flying around it, in wider and wider circles, but only on clear days. The explanation based on the theory is that, in this flight, the bee is calibrating its navigation system. This means that it calculates its position relative to the beehive and compares the prediction with external reality, as given by direct view. When the instruments of navigation are calibrated, it can fly beyond the limit of direct visibility, and return successfully based on the predictions of its map model.

Migratory birds

In the case of migratory birds, we have again a navigation problem. This time the flight is done at thousands of kilometers distance. It is clear that the migratory birds should have a map added to the navigation instruments. The birds should have in memory a successful story-type model (map) of the wanted route. The bird will compare the wanted position (given by the story-type model) with the real position. The real position could be found e.g. by following the magnetic field of the Earth, by observing the position of cosmic bodies (Sun, Moon, and stars). It is clear that any supplementary information is welcome and added to the story-type model, to sustain a successful operation. The navigation story-type model has been built based on a previous successful flight. A bird, which has not this model, could record it, if it is a member of a flock in which at least one bird has this model.

However, if a bird, which has not yet the navigation map, has technical problems in flight, it could be lost. Examples are known of migratory birds, which having technical flight-problems, were eventually taken into care by people. After healing, they did not want to leave anymore. The theory explains this by the fact that without a map and their position on the map, they don't know where to go. However, if they see a flock in flight, they might follow that flock.

There is a situation reported by the media, when a whole flock lost its navigation map and remained stranded. In this situation, a plane resembling a bird was used to guide the flock.

Cats

Cats can communicate to some extent with humans. Another characteristic is that a cat hardly adapts to an environment after getting used to another. A house cat is jumpy at sounds to which it should be familiar. When a cat is disturbed, it is very likely that PSM was activated.

At first sight, cats have a brain with a reduced capacity to build new models. At the same time, due to a weak instinct of defending its territory (some cats accept mice around them), one can suppose that the cat's model of the territory is very primitive. The most probable situation is that a cat can build new models only when very young. After some time it looses the capacity to build long-range models and uses mainly short-range models, guided by primitive long-range models and many solutions based on the action of PSM.

In fact, all predators having few enemies have the tendency to use more short- range efficient models, than long-range models. Thus, intelligence, which is an indicator of the capacity to build and operate long-range models, is not stimulated in predators. Animal intelligence is stimulated by the presence and interaction with humans, and also by an aggresive environment.

It is important to note that in spite of the fact that the lack of external danger is not a stimulus to develop the functions of the brain, the potential of the predators brain is relatively high. This is why, even if predators do not look too intelligent, they can surprise us in critical situations.

Dogs

Dogs seem to build very precise models of the external reality, including sensing the mood of the master. Their relatively high capacity to build models, gives them a possibility to communicate based on these models, including with humans.

Let's analize now a situation, as it was reportd in the newpapers. A shepherd was walking with his dog in the forest. A mother bear with cubs attacked him. The bear attacked the shepherd, but the dog attacked the cubs. The bear left the shepherd, to save its cubs.

The theory can explain this behaviour in several ways. A first possibility is that the master is integrated in the dog's PSM. The dog builds a defence model of the master, which, at the simulation of the bear attack, fails to find a successful solution. Simulating the attack of the cubs, the prediction appears that the bear will save the cubs and forget about the shepherd. This explanation is clearly a sign of intelligence (long-range model). It is a bit too complex for a dog (it is even surprising even for humans).

Another variant is that after the model to attack the bear failed, the dog attacked the cubs because it was less dangerous. This means that the master was not in the PSM.

Another variant exists in which the dog has participated previously in an attack of several dogs against a mother-bear, and in that attack, it saw that the bear runs with the cubs when the cubs are attacked. This variant again does not consider the shepherd. This seems to be the most probable explanation.

Another variant exists in which the shepherd is not considered, and the dog attacks anything weaker than itself.

Let's continue the analysis of dogs. It is known that dogs are very faithful to their master. This suggests that they can introduce the master into their PSM. However, the fact that some dogs can be faithful to several masters (successively) suggests that they can rewrite the PSM. This is really unusual.

The fact that dogs introduce the master in the PSM is clearly demonstrated by the observation that some dogs die to save their master (they are not afraid of death). According to the theory, this can happen only if the masters are on the same priority level with their own being.

There are fights with dogs, when dogs fight to death. It is interesting to see if the motivation can or can't be given by a protection model of the master, or by an instinct, which does not take the master into account.

The elephant

The brain of the elephant could be bigger than the human brain. From this follows that its organization is primitive. A way to explain this is the reduced capacity of the elephant brain to build concept models. If this is true, he uses a huge capacity of the brain to build pure image models. The term "elephant memory" can be associated with this feature. Thus, if it built concept model, the elephant should be able to identify only limited landmarks of the places it passes by. Using pure image models, it memorizes each tree and each branch. This is a totally inefficient mode of brain functioning.

Monkeys

Experiments show that, in a controlled environment, some monkeys build and operate some primitive symbolic models. They might implement this function by software, based on image models. However, these very singular examples prove their incapacity to evolve towards a symbolic model, in fact.

One of the most striking characteristics of these animals is their lack of stability in a model. The most intelligent monkeys are those which have the capacity to stay in a model, when the external reality gives them many opportunities to change the active model. If the monkeys had stability in a model, then they could have better performance at building symbolic models, under the human control.

In spite of the fact that MDT does not sustain the evolution of man from monkey, the behaviour resemblance of monkeys and humans, on image models of course, is striking.

The dolphin

The dolphin is considered a very intelligent animal, next after humans. The dolphin can not only immitate the signs made by humans but they can integrate them into a larger context.

For instance, when the gestures of the trainer suggest a jump followed by a salute, the dolphin understands that it has to jump, and then, to greet the public.

However, even if dolphins seem to understand easily gestures, they do not seem to have abilities to associate an action to a symbolic message.

The dolphin builds easily normal long-range models, not only story-type models as some other animals.

At the same time, they could reach even level 2 of conciousness, if it could be proven that they build their own correlation models with the group to which they belong (as it seems to be the case for captive dolphins).

Note: many species of animals hunt in packs. Usually, the model of correlation is situated in PSM. The superiority of an animal is given by the capacity to build its own correlation model with the pack or with other beings, human or animals, (level 2 of consciousness). It is not easy to see this essential difference, as the apparent behaviour can be the same.

The theory does not exclude the possibility of level 2 consciousness, on image models (of course) for the dolphins.

This would mean e.g. that a dolphin anticipates the action of another and will act in advance, based on prediction, in the frame of a normal model, imposed by the trainer (not a model of the PSM, as the ones associated to instincts). There could be some difficulties to understand what happens, due to the reason shown in the note above.

Some other things result from the theory. Thus, the basic characteristic of the environment where the dolphin lives, is the lack of landmarks. Whatever the capacity of interaction with external reality is, the dolphin in the ocean cannot build models of the environment in which it lives, due to the lack of landmarks. It can't mark the territory to use marks in building models of the territory. Even if it might make maps of the magnetic field of the Earth, these maps are not precise enough to have good landmarks. Even if it had precise landmarks (near the coastline), they could be used only for local navigation.

Using the terminology of my theory, one could say that the dolphin has schizophrenia induced by the environment.

Captivity should increase the level of intelligence of the dolphins, due to an environment with landmarks. These can stimulate it to use its brain to a higher capacity closer to its theoretical possibilities. However, experiments up to date do not show abilities to build symbolic models, as in the case of some monkeys, even if on image models, dolphin brain seems to be very advanced for an animal.

Observations about the limited survival of dolphins in captivity can be related to the fact, that, in captivity, they build very fast the exact model of the space available. After a while (see "stress") the space is known very well and this could be a cause of stress. A strong brain needs always new information. The solution could be a larger environment, in which, additionally, the configuration should be changed every now and then. Contrary to general belief, animals, including dolphins, should feel better in interaction with man in a controlled environment, in the above conditions, than in liberty.

The shark

The shark has the same environmental problems as the dolphin. It behaviour is so primitive that, based on the theory, it should have only PSM, with extremely few models, given by the interaction with the external reality. Water seems to be a relatively hostile environment for the development of the intelligence.

The whale

The whale can navigate at thousands of kilometers of open see and return to its start point. It is also known that they seem to communicate by sounds similar to a song.

It is believed about whales that they can use the magnetic field of the bottom of the ocean to build a map (image model). If so, they could find their position on this primitive map. However, if this map becomes incorrect, due to changes of the magnetic field, they could navigate in a wrong direction, including landing on ocean shores. Moreover, if taken back to the open see, they will repeat the path that lead them to trouble, because their navigation system indicates the same direction as before. Simply, the whales get lost, and have no means to find again their position in the ocean.

We can take a risk and say that, if the information of navigation associated with the magnetic field were recorded in a story-type model (equivalent to a map), then the whale would know how to return to the starting point by "rewinding the tape". Thus, it has to compare the story-type model with IR generated by the direct interaction with external reality.

If this is the method, a transfer of this itinerary model from a whale could be possible to another, which did not make this trip yet, through that "song". Seems fascinating, but also it is possible to check by experiment.

ETA 25: Very complicated operations on image models (walk, jumps, climbing trees) of humans

We will apply the theory to see the exact way of walking, jumping and tree climbing at humans. In accordance to MDT, an action on the external reality (e.g. walking) implies the existence of a long-range action model (ZAM). This model generates the approximate plan of the action. ZAM will build and activate a number of local models (ZAM and AZM) to reach its goals.

A local ZAM will simulate the movement of the leg for the first step. If the simulated step is successful, then ZAM will activate the action on the external reality. The leg will move in the same way as the leg 'moved' during the simulation. It is not possible to do any movement, if it had not been successfully simulated before.

Let's see the case of jumping. In front of an obstacle, which has to be jumped over, the brain will 'execute' a simulated jump. If the simulated jump succeeds, it can be done in the external reality as well, activating the model, which did the simulated successful jump. If the simulation does not succeed, there will be no model to activate the muscles of the body, and the being will be blocked to act. Any attempt to go against the internal decisison will fail.

The conclusion from the previous analysis is that a more or less elaborate simulation precedes any action on the external reality. The result is that an extremely complicated activity, like e.g. walking, is executed with remarkable precision and elegance.

At first sight, walking seems to be a relatively simple activity. At a closer analysis, one can see extreme complexity. The first problem is keeping the equilibrium during walking. The stability of humans and animals during walking is a dynamical stability. This means that, if we "froze" the body in an intermediate position, the body would not be stable and would fall. During walking, the models anticipate the movements of the body through simulation and send suitable commands in advance. If there was no anticipation of the evolution and we counted only on the stability and position sensors, the information would get delayed to the device taking the decision and such, the system would have a reduced stability. This is how all the electronic stabilizer systems work: they wait for something to happen to make a correction.

In the case of the brain, the information from the stability and position sensors is used to anticipate the possible future problems and act before the problem arised. This is the dynamical stability and, I think, this problem cannot be solved in real time by any existing computer due to the low power of the present computers.

From here we can see the huge capacity of information processing of any brain, starting with mammals. The most primitive mammals, with brains of a few grams or tens of grams, are able of higher performance than humans, in running and jumping.

We should think of the fact that, for walking, a correlation of hundreds or thousands of musculars fibers is needed. Dynamically, i.e. depending on the specifics of any individual movement, on the previous behaviour, on the anticipated behaviour, on the goal to be attained and on the various external perturbations, all these fibres will be activated/deactivated in a precise order, each with the suitable intensity to solve the given problem. At any moment the problems which could appear are anticipated and the corrections are made, before the problems occur. The number of models (which are built or activated), associated with this type of activity, can be tens or hundreds in a second.

Example: The working speed of a model

Related to anticipation by simulation on a model, I have seen a photo of a baseball player that was trying to catch a fast ball in flight. The high-speed photo showed the ball flying directly into the glove of the player. The sensational in this picture is that the eyes were looking at the place where the ball had been some time before. The model for catching the ball has anticipated the position of the ball based on the previous information coming from the eyes. The action was a success, even if the eyes were unable to give the real time information, and in spite of the fact that the hand can not move very fast. This example illustrates the huge advantage of the construction and operation of models. The effective speed of action can be considerably higher than the intrinsic speed of action of the components.

Hikers who go on difficult treks with heavy backpaks, which change slightly their position, know that hiking can be done with exceptional stability. Personally, the immense capacities of the brain to process information, and the speed of execution of these incredibly complicated operations, have always amazed me.

Associated with the above issue, I had a situation on a trek, carrying a heavy backpack, when a stone slipped from under my foot and I fell. The active models were not able to anticipate this possibility. In this case, the capacity to build a new model suitable to the external reality is reduced. As we know, PSM is activated instead. However, I am still amazed that I was not hurt during that fall (it was practically a controlled fall, but outside my consciousness). Usually, PSM tries to save what can be still saved, and it is even possible, that it will accept sacrificing an arm, to save what is more important.

Connected with this specific problem, there is also another variant that a parallel model to the main model of walking was created. This parallel model predicted that the stone will slip and built a saving model outside the line of the PSM. However the theory predicts only two lines: one of the PSM and one of the ZAM which controls the global activity. Possibly, the ZM could let the main ZAM act, and build in parallel other ZAMs models for new situations, which would be activated in special cases. This type of behaviour is not specifically excluded by the theory, but in reality it is not met sufficiently clearly, so that it can be sustained. Building a parallel model is an easy operation, but the question is, how does the main ZM know what other ZAM to activate, when the active ZAM does not correspond anymore. The implementation of this facility could be done if there were a 'pipeline' built by the main ZM, so that a specific order of activation of parallel ZAMs existed in special cases. But this would imply the existence of a new hardware. As I already said, the existence of this facility (pipeline of ZAMs) cannot be sustained yet, due to insufficient data, but could be a line of further hardware development of the brain.

The issue of walking, jumping and running is inimaginably complicated and I do not believe that in predictible future, robots will come close to the performance of a chicken a few days old, running on a difficult terrain.

Climbing trees is an even more complicated activity, than walking and jumping. The basic information is related to the lack of precise information about the resistance of the branches. The models are able to make an evaluation of the resistance of each branch, but the model will have enough simulations in which the branch will break. ZM will need to take this into account, based on various local models, in order to build a good strategy (the best ZAM reactualised very often). In this case, the stability in the tree will be given by the capacity of building alternative models, which could be activated, if a branch broke. The brain effort needed to ensure the stability of the person in a tree is huge. Not all brains have this capacity. Moreover the ZM should also build a 'saving' model, in which there should be at least three points of support at any moment, in the ideea that if at least two will behave as in the simulation, the system will have an acceptable level of stability.

Walking on a difficult terrain, jumping and the stability in tree climbing are tests, which can show global performance of humans in the domain of image models. In animals these functions can be even more efficient.

ETA 26: The brain evolves under our eyes.

Generally all ETAs refer to the behaviour and evolution of the brain of a normal average human.

In 1900 Quantum Mechanics appeared. It marks the highest level attained up to now, in the brain evolution. However, people, who reached this extreme advance of knowledge, are ordinary people in everyday life. Independent of the level in the professional field, in everyday life, the brain continues to act to a large extends based on image models.

I have an example, in which one can see clearly, and above any doubt, the evolution of the brain towards more and more advanced symbolic models, at the level of the common person, in an issue always associated with image models: nutrition.

In all times, people have eaten based on analysis on image models. Associated terms to nutrition are taste, smell, colour, aspect etc. The decision to eat or not a certain food, is based on image models. It can be said that the whole being, with its whole structure, participates at solving the nutrition problem.

We have an explicit situation, when the process of evolution towards symbolic models in nutrition is clear. I have seen a person in a shop, who wanted to buy a certain product. The person had at hand a list of dangerous food additives (the so-called "E"s). A product was rejected because it contained such an "E".

Taste, smell, aspect and natural drive were overrun and a logical decision taken, totally independent of any image model. "E"s cannot be sensed based on image models. When a decision is taken exclusively on symbolic models, we have clearly a progress. This phenomenon, according to MDT, will increase on all levels.

Important note: the elite has imposed that any food should be labeled with the exact contents and other data, so that evolved people can take their own decision. This type of information is useless for the image-type public. The real problem is not the information, but the technical capacity of the brain to collect information and decide based on symbolic models.

As I mentioned, the attitude of the majority of consumers continues to be strongly anchored in a complex structure of image models. There is an infinite number of cases, in which the image models from one's mind, make the products more expensive, and also more dangerous.

Example: "good quality" butter might contain a substance, which confers it a Yellow commercial colour. Between butter with colorant and the same without it, many consumers choose the one with colour. There are several soft drinks (some very famous) which, without colorants, would have less success.

The brain follows its ascending course towards the increase importance of symbolic models, so that, as we have seen it already happening, the decision in nutrition will be taken with more and more contribution from symbolic models.

The guarantee exists on symbolic model, that, within the laws and the level attained by science and technology and the laws of economy, food is possibly the safest. Nutritional regulations can only impose what a certain product may not contain.

The evolution of the brain is, however, slow on the scale of human active life, even if the evolution accelerates. We are on a level development of the brain on which, in domains where image models were leading (e.g. nutrition), symbolic models are gaining ground.

ETA 27: Principial negative effects associated with the functioning of a brain

1. There is a principial problem, when we ask a question. In order to have an understandable answer, we need to be within the model which generates the answer. Without this condition, the answer will be nonsense. To put it differently: not any question is permitted.

Example: The nature of light can be understood only within the framework of Quantum Mechanics. If we are not familiar with Quantum Mechanics, the answer to the question about the nature of light is nonsense. From outside Quantum Mechanics, light seems to be both wave and particle, and this statement cannot be understood based on logic.

In case of children, the questions in the class "why..?" cannot generally have any answer, as the children haven't got the suitable models. However parents have an answer to any of the children's questions. The answer with the stork bringing the babies is famous. The educational system should take into account these issues. For instance the 'why' questions should not be encouraged, and favour the "what is this?" type questions. This means that, for children, parents should show them the elements associated with external reality and their relation/interconnections. Children will build alone models and they will find themselves the answers to the questions of 'why' type.

2. When you can't do what you want, you do what you can… Here we open Pandora's box. In the majority of cases in everyday life, we cannot do what we want or we can't turn back time after a failure.

These problems can generate building and activation of illogical action models starting with revenge and resignation as individual acts, and ending with wars. The reason is associated with the tendency of any model to evolve towards stability, in the conditions when the model cannot stabilize in any situation. For instance, by revenge, in a way or another, one can find a stability of the model, by attaching to it another model (this model is a shielding model).

Resignation means building a suitable shielding-type model associated to the model with problems. The most important and well-known shielding model, associated to resignation, is religion.

All shielding models are associated with the term 'illusion'. The illusion is defined as the reality generated by a shielding model.

The education system should take into account these classes of problems and find solutions to avoid them.

3. If an action model has been built, it could be activated, independent of respecting or not the social or moral laws. From MDT, we know that PSM contains a series of models imposed by education, which block certain models to activate. If the suitable models in PSM are missing, or if there are suitable shielding models, there are no limits in activating the most incredible models.

4. Translation of an image model into a collection of symbolic models to sustain an undeclared image model. This syndrome is recognised from the simple and imperative logic, but also from the incapacity of the person to have a dialogue, based on logical data and statements. On symbolic model, this problem does not occur, due to multiple cross-checks between elements and relations.

ETA 28: Free-Masonry

We start this theoretical discussion by building a local model. The main statements of the local model are:

1. The intellectual superiority of a person is given by his/her capacity to build and operate long-range models.

2. The activity of the long-range models cannot exceed the lifetime of the person.

3. There are strong tendencies to prolong the action of long range models beyond the limit of his/her physical life.

If a person wants that certain long-range models be active beyond the limit of one's lifetime, one possibility is to activate such models within an organisation. However if we want a model to reach its goals in, let's say 100 years, the organisation should be a very special one. This condition is fulfilled e.g. by free-masonry.

Before going on, I want to point out that I have no direct information/ knowledge on any masonic organisation. The discussion is based exclusively on theoretical considerations, as they result from MDT, and the local model presented above. Moreover, for the discussion, the inner knowledge of a masonic organisation would not bring any useful information. According with the theory, the organisation should reach its goals beyond the limit of lifetimes of its members, and as such, the ordinary masons are generally unaware for what they are fighting.

A very general statement is needed here. Thus, a theory (any theory!) makes a prediction. In this specific case, MDT predicts the existence of a special organisation. Then we try to find in the external reality something that corresponds to the definition. Thus the fact that I attribute to masonry the definition generated by the theory, does not mean that this is complete, and in accordance with the external reality. The masonry in the external reality could have some characteristics in accordance with the theory, but it might have other characteristics, which have not been accounted for by the theory. This means that the theory can predict only the existence of a general structure, and so, it is possible that, in the external reality, one can find several types of organisations, which in spite of respecting the definition, can have structures and components not predicted by the theory. This situation is an extremely general one in all positive sciences and occurs every time when a theory is confronted with the external reality.

Let's go on with the description of a masonic organisation based on MDT.

Usually, ordinary members have no idea on the exact situation, and what they are fighting for. This happens due to the fact that masonry acts extremely slowly, modelling people from a spiritual point of view. Thus, when something happens, this will happen because the intellectuality has already the 'natural' tendency to act in a certain direction, and because the 'natural' tendency of the majority of people will be in the same direction or will not oppose it, at least. Thus, the masonic methods are very different from the classical methods of education, or from the political ones.

The states also want to persuade people to act in a certain direction, by propaganda or education. However, the political goals are short-term initiatives (at most a few legislative terms), while the masonry wants basic changes in the thinking structure of people, independent of the political orientation of each member.

As I have already stated, the goals of masonry are to be attained in several generations. This is why an ordinary member of masonry cannot detect the goals, which have to be attained. In this situation, masonry should be in very good relationship with any political and economical forces, independent of their orientation. It also results from here that the masonry will never campaign in any way (political or other) for any person (inside or outside its ranks) and generally for any political orientation.

Most masonic organisations will not accept political or religious discussion inside them, in accordance with their goals. Political discussions are associated with short-range models compared to the masonic goals, and the religious discussion are nonsense, as religion is based on invariant shielding models.

Masonic organisations are based only on individual personalities, independent of their orientation. This is why these organisations have the tendency to persecute the weak members, or those who wish the support of the organisation in their individual interest. The reason is clear: the masons have to be strong personalities, to be able to influence efficiently the others.

Masonry should be more complex than it was shown here, as somebody has to build and activate such very long-range complex models. At the same time, the existence of several corellated or uncorrelated masonic organisations is not forbidden.

Let's see the predictions of the theory connected with the future of masonry. For this, we will remind the basic problems of the world, in general, as MDT predicts them.

X1: The world is pushed forward by "symbolic" nations, while more and more nations cannot maintain the pace and have fundamentalist tendencies.

X2: Inside a "symbolic" society, larger and larger groups of people who cannot keep the pace with the symbolic orientation appear. These take refuge in fundamentalisms (antiglobalisation, ecological, religious movements, etc).

X3: It looks like there is a degradation of the technical quality of individuals, already at birth, especially in the "symbolic" countries.

X4: Many persons from "image" countries have very good symbolic orientation and are accepted and desired in the "symbolic" worlds. However, these persons do not have a structure of basic models compatible with the symbolic world, as they are coming from an image world, and thus, they cannot contribute to the strengthening of the structures of the symbolic-type societies.

Let's see now some possible problems to which masonry is obliged to react. Let's take e.g. X1. On long term, it could cause a break up of the world. Part of the world should become a ghetto. If this happened, then masonry would have the tendency to control this process, which is considered as inevitable. If ghetto-isation of the world were considered inacceptable, masonry should find and implement a solution excluding it.

Discussion associated with X1…X4 should finalize in long-range models, based on which masonry should act. We can see from here that masonry is the only organisation, which could work with this class of problems. States have too short-range models and above all, the representatives of the states are not preoccupied by such basic problems.

As the classes of problems of types X1…X4 are extremely complicated when associated to specific external realities, the prediction is that masonry has serious difficulties connected to its own structure of personnel, as well as with the ways of action in future.

It can also be supposed that presently some members of the masonry could not accept anymore that some goals are attained beyond their lifetime limit. If a large enough fraction of the masons think this, then the character of masonry will change.

Let's see a class of problems we could group under the name "Irak syndrome". This is about the fact that image countries do not adopt and respect the democratic-type structure, as it is understood in the symbolic countries. This would not be big deal, if these countries were poor. If they have natural resources for sale, those countries might be tempted to act dangerously for other countries, as there is no public control on what is happening. These countries may become, at the limit, a danger for human civilization.

This class of problems is far beyond the capacities and goals of classical masonry. However, as this syndrome will exist, for long time from now, masonry will have to act somehow to keep the connection with the external reality.

ETA 29: Problems associated with movie making

I have seen on TV a scene presenting a vehicle entering a street. The scene starts with a general view of the street. The vehicle enters the scene from left to right. During the sequence, two persons appear in the foreground who watch the movement of the vehicle. The problem is that the eyes of those persons follow (we suppose) the vehicle, moving from right to left. If the operator had not changed position, the eyes of the persons should have moved from left to right, as predicted by the general model, created during the previous scene.

Let's see what happened. The vehicle was recorded entering the scene from left to right, then the operator crossed the street and took some images of two persons watching the vehicle, and moving their eyes from right to left. This can produce confusion in the construction of the model. In a more complicated situation, the presented data would have been confusing and would be understood in fragments, stimulating the schizophrenic tendencies. It is reminded that, when the information cannot be correlated, the brain will "switch" from the construction of a normal model to a story-type one.

This is not an insignificant problem. If the scope of the presentation were transmission of information to help build a model associated to the recorded external reality, other rules to shoot a movie would exist, which should be different from the ones used nowadays.

People do not seem to be disturbed by this class of problems. They might be disturbed only if they want to reconstruct the normal model based on spread data. In this case I consider it as a form of induced schizophrenia (XS1B), as clearly correlated events are presented as unconnected.

Thus, in a movie, as local models appear in a succession, they are related inbetween each other, in the frame of a story-type model, instead of been used to create a single normal model, associated to a unique external reality.

The perception based on story-type models is a primitive way of understanding the external reality, and it is unfortunately a typical way of the "normal" man in the civilized world. Understanding this problem contains implicitely the solution. Of course, education in school will have an important role.

This problem (reflection of external reality in story-type models) appeared as an effect of overwhelming the brain. What happened is an avalanche effect: the presentation of a situation is confusing and, as such, the brain builds a story-type model. The structure of story-type models is consuming a lot of resources of the brain and determines more and more limited allocation of resources to building other normal models. The reduced capacity to build normal models causes that normal presentations are not detected and appreciated anymore. Even if the presentations were normal, it would be perceived through story-type models and so the circle is closed.

Reflecting the external reality in the form of story-type models is a special kind of fundamentalism. This conclusion should worry everybody.

The solution should be a strict control on the form of spreading the information, so that information could only be presented within the general frame declared at the begining. Thus, any specific information will be integrated in the general model. This is what is already happening in positive sciences, while, e.g. in newpapers, information is presented without any connection to the past, without any prediction of the future evolutions and even without presenting the context in which the information should be integrated.

ETA 30: Optical perspective and the quality of construction of image models.

The succes in constructing image models in the case of photography and movies depends on the optical perspective of the objects. The perspective is given by the angle under which one can see the subjects. This angle is given by the ratio of the maximum dimension of the image to the focal distance of the lens.

Example: for 35mm cameras (used typically) the 50 mm focal distance was found to give the same perspective as the eye.

It is important to know that in order to reconstruct correctly a 3D model, the perspective has to be the normal once as the eye is calibrated for its normal perspective. This means that YM models have been already built and recorded based on the normal perspective. If the perspective is changed, the M-models will not find the correct position of the YMs. Thus, the YMs have to be modified and this is an extremely complicated operation. In this case the brain prefers to build fragmented ZM models (several ZMs associated to pieces of the primary M-model). This also could favorize a form of induced schizophrenia (XS1B).

This problem appears e.g. when we watch a scene recorded in a place where we have been before and which we know. If the perspective is not normal, it is possible that we do not recognize, or recognize only with great difficulties, some elements and sequences which we should recognize easily.

ETA 31: Some times aggressivity may fight XS1-type schizophrenia.

The aggressivity is defined as a stronger than average tendency to activate ZAM models. An aggressive person has the tendency to easily activate models that act on the external reality.

Let's see some typical situation in common external reality.

Example 1: People who go to supermarkets have easily noticeable schizophrenic tendencies during shopping. This is understandable. Each product seen will activate at least one model, so, in a short time, the brain is overwhelmed by the multitude of models activated at the simple identification of the entities of the external reality. They need to correlate, in addition, the offer (price, quality..) with their (usually) limited financial resources. The effort of the brain is very big, so that little energy is left to take into account the surrounding people. Those who are in a hurry (have precise models to execute) will perceive the ones overwhelmed by the problem as "sleeping", blocking the flow.

However, as we have seen, schizophrenic tendencies are, up to a point, understandable. The local-schizophrenia given by a main problem which preocupies too much the brain could be fought by the aggressivity of the others (if it existed). When, for instance, the others disturb too much or too often the "sleepy" (as in the supermarket example) the latter will be forced to redirect part of their resources to respond to the many external perturbations. To do this, they need e.g. to build several concept (simplified) models for the products, and this is evolution (everything non- essential is discarded).

Thus, the aggressivity of the others can fight local-schizophrenia as it has been described above. If enough people will be aggressive with those attained by local schizophrenia, the result will be that the shoppers will have more precise ideas and will decide faster. Anyways, an aggressive environment will attenuate to disappearance local-schizophrenia with beneficial effects on everybody.

Example 2: the same type of local (temporary) schizophrenia appears when driving in busy city traffic. Many will be overwhelmed and will react slowly with excessive caution and this will upset the other aggressive drivers. If there are enough aggressive drivers, or if the law favours those drivers, then the "sleepy" will be either self-removed from traffic, or they will join the tendency to aggressive driving. The effect would be an increase in fluency and hopefully fewer accidents.

Connected to this paradox (aggressivity diminishing the number of accidents) the pros could be: the "sleepy" upset the aggressive. The aggressive could thus produce accidents. If the "sleepy" will dissapear, the risk of accident will be decreasing significantly because of less sources of irritation. If the "sleepy" will vanish from traffic the occasions of the aggressive to show aggressivity will decrease. This can be explained by the fact that, if the one in front of me knows that I am aggressive, he will not risk to drive "lazy". Also, if I have an aggressive driver behind me, I will not risk to be aggressed, so I will drive more dynamically, without hesitation. The result is not only more fluency but also the diminishing of the effect of aggressivity.

We have shown how XS1-type schizophrenia could be fought by aggressivity, if the law favoured aggressivity e.g.

Let's see the reverse. A schizophrenic population reacts slowly and based on too short-range models to the permanent perturbation associated with everyday life. The dynamic individuals will be discouraged by an inert society and so they will "contribute" to the general bad status of the society.

ETA 32: Sex

MDT considers that there is no principial difference between male and female brains. The differences appear only related to the technological implementation of the beings, in general.

From the general theory we know that one of the basic design requirements of the beings is to survive unconditionally forever. This requirement is the goal of several image models of the PSM. In the technological implementation known, the living beings have a limited lifetime and the above condition is completed by reproduction.

Fulfilling in optimal conditions the reproduction in the animal world means the selection of the best individuals for reproduction and blocking the reproduction of the less performant, based on the available image models in PSM.

The models associated to sexual activities are in PSM and, of course, they are image models.

In case of humans, we remember that image models have dominated life until about year 1800, after which symbolic models have begun a strong ascension. As a consequence, sexuality, up to 1800, was based exclusively on image models (for the average person only), while after 1800, sexuality was influenced, more and more, by symbolic models (based on logical analysis).

For humans, as based initially on image models, sexuality modelled the man very differently from woman.

It should be noted here that the term "Man" means for the majority of us "a man" (male), which is not correct. The explanation for this confusion resides in the dominant position of the man in a society based on image models.

Reluctantly leaving behind the cultural environment based on image models, present sexual life is strongly influenced by symbolic models. In a symbolic model environment, there is no sexual difference. This could be expressed by saying that, in a symbolic society, there are no discriminations based on sex. All humans, independent of being male or female are equal, because this results from the analysis on symbolic model.

As already said, sexuality is associated with image models, and changing the structure of basic models, from image to symbolic, has produced strong perturbations in the approach to sex.

In the present technological implementation of humans, the dominant position of the man is evident. This is the source of the present crisis of sexuality. A woman, knowing that she is equal or, many times, even superior to the male partner, will have difficulties in implementing her sexual life. Due to this problem, the number of non-usual sexual behaviour is high.

In this approach of evaluation of the problem, we will talk only about the "normal" situation, i.e. the situation which should be dominant in sexual issues in a society dominated by symbolic models.

Both men and women have to build a structure of symbolic models, in which the models explicitly related to sex (image models) should be controlled based on logic.

The basic statements of this symbolic model should be the following:

1. There is a perfect equality between men and women, including the explicit sexual interaction.

2. Faithfulness to a single partner is not an important feature in a structure dominated by symbolic models. On image models, faithfulness to a single partner, only for humans, is necessary and results implicitly from the way of choosing the partner ("pure love"… i.e. the partener is included in the PSM as an image model).

3. Sexual attraction can be strongly discouraged by the existence of a prediction that describes exactly what is going to happen during an explicit sexual interaction. From here results that a 'symbolic couple' needs to invent, if possible, everyday new ways of sexual interaction. Also, when routine appears (the prediction is confirmed too precisely), the couple breaks-up to avoid unsolvable stresses.

These things can be already met in the world we live in, especially in the most 'symbolic' countries (the most advanced from the economic, technical and scientific point of view).

The theory predicts the continuing changes of our sexual 'ways' based on the general shift from image to symbolic models. However, due to fundamentalist reactions (rejection of symbolic models of a large fraction of the population), the sexual life of those attained by fundamentalism is affected.

For 'symbolic' people, sexual activity can contribute to everyday happiness only if the partners are on the same level of 'symbolic' development.

There is a problem associated with the actual phase of brain development associated with sexual activity. Thus, several instincts are included in PSM, which are associated with sexual behaviour, too. These instincts will block for instance the tendencies towards homosexuality, incest and pedophily. The evolution of the brain to symbolic models results also in the reduction in importance of the instincts with negative consequences, at least in a transient phase.

Thus, the speed of diminishing the importance of instincts is different from the speed of evolution towards symbolic models.

The protection structure based on symbolic models would predict the long-term effects of a sexual decision. When a prediction shows a negative effect, the decision is to avoid such activities. This method should replace the method based on instincts situated in the PSM.

At this point, we are in a relatively dangerous transient phase. The protection structure based on symbolic models is not implemented yet, while the protection system based on the instincts is less and less efficient.

On very long range (i.e. over hundred years from now) the whole protection structure will be implemented based on symbolic models. This means that any sexual activity will be conditioned by the predictions on symbolic models. The normal sexual behaviour, in 100 years from now, will be very different from today.

It is very likely that this prediction will be confirmed for the symbolic countries. For the 'image' countries, due to fundamentalism, one can assume that a fraction of the population, at least, will turn back to the protection system based on instincts. It is very difficult to evaluate the global effect of the mentioned behaviour on these countries.

ETA 33: The internal body

MDT is associated with the main brain which, among other functions, controls also the external body (hands, legs, etc). For the internal body (internal organs…), there is an extra brain, which is a technological process brain. This process brain contains basically an image model of the whole internal body (its external reality contains the whole internal body). Its scope is to maintain the stability of the whole internal body. When a perturbation occurs, a model will simulate one or several solutions, in order to regain the equilibrium.

There is a connection between the main brain and the process brain, as it can be seen experimentally. Thus, a bad psychological state (many unfavourable predictions) can produce perturbations in the functions of the internal organs. The inverse influence also exists: a healthy psychological structure can improve the general health.

Situations exist when several perturbations appear among the systems of the internal body. In a complex situation, the model cannot understand anymore what happened, due to the too complex structure. Some nonconventional medical treaments exist, which can be used to control such situations.

MDT is not very much preoccupied with this problem, as extremely many factors exist, associated to the technological implementation of the whole being. This section wanted only to show that the functioning of the internal body is controlled by a technological process brain, which works in the same way as the main brain. The process brain is dedicated to the construction of a reality associated to our internal body, which represents its external reality.

ETA 34: The European spirit

The theory and the applications are associated mainly to the European cultural space. Europe is a cultural environment where the extensive development of civilization was achieved based on symbolic models, associated or not to image models.

Except geometry (created in a space in close communication with the European cultural space), Europeans have created the great fundamental models. We are talking here about Christianity, open sea navigation, the heliocentric model of the Universe, polyphonic music, Newton's Mechanics, Quantum Mechanics and Relativity theory.

Let's evaluate the European spirit based on some of these models.

The Roman Empire has been created through conquest, but wherever the Romans got, they created efficient organisation structures, which have been in favour of the conquered people too. Thus, Romans have been both conquerors and civilisators. This characteristic in the way of thinking is a permanent feature of Europeans up to our time. Thus, the large colonial empires did not bring colonisation of Europe with slaves. Independent of the injustice to the colonies, when leaving them, they were left in a good or very good general shape, e.g. Hong Kong. Nowadays, the European Union spends a lot of money earned by European work, to civilise Eastern Europe.

Europeans created Christianity for Europeans. This is why the Christian religion is tolerant and has reduced tendencies towards fanatism.

A significant number of facts show that Europeans have an adventurous spirit (Marco Polo, Columbus, Magellan etc.) The spirit of adventure is associated closely with the desire of knowledge, the search for new ways of evolution, and the need to analyze everything, and never accept an invariant situation.

An example exists connected with the heliocentric model of the Universe. From Antiquity, everybody knew that Earth is the center of the Universe. This was proved by direct everyday experience and, at least, implicitly, by the Holy Bible. The scholars of Antiquity have left us precise methods of calculation for eclipses of the Sun and the Moon, and data on the ecliptic, and as a consequence on the position of the Equator and the Tropics. Then, why after year 1500, some Europeans did consider that something was fishy about the geocentric model of the Universe?

There was a small problem; from the billions of stars, seven had an apparently chaotic movement. The Ancient Greeks have called them rambling stars or planets. The European spirit could not accept this. Nikolaus Copernicus published in the last year of his life the heliocentric theory of the Universe. It was for the first time when the European spirit and Christian religion clashed. Giordano Bruno, a great European, has payed with his death the sustaining of the idea of the Earth not being the center of the Universe, and Galileo Galilei had to be humiliated to survive.

But, surprise! Kepler verified Copernicus' theory and discovered that it is wrong (the positions calculated for the planets did not correspond to the experimental data). Kepler was not discouraged and he discovered that, if the orbits were to be ellyptical, and not circular as said by Copernicus, then, the calculations could be compatible with the experimental data. Later, Newton was able to find the explanation of this situation.

The problem was solved beyond any doubt in the favour of the European spirit. After many centuries, the Christian Church admitted officially the situation and rehabilitated Galileo Galilei, but not Giordano Bruno.

The above considerations suggest the essence of the European spirit: liberalism and tolerance, the desire for knowledge and the tendency to adventure.

We will say a few words about a new issue. It appears now, that a European Constitution is to be written. The problem is associated with the protests of the Christian Church generated by the non-inclusion in the Constitution draft of a phrase on the Christian origin of the European civilisation. As we have seen above, Europeans have created Christianity for Europeans. In spite of this, in many cases the European spirit clashed violently with the Christian spirit. The main reason is connected to the dynamism associated with the European spirit, which cannot accept an invariant model (religion).