Fagus, 262.
Faluns, 306.
Fan-palms, 308.
Favistella, 105.
Favostites, 119, 142; Gothlandica, 143; hemisphœrica, 143.
Faxöe Limestone, 259, 286.
Felis angustus, 330; leo, 361; spelœa, 361.
Fenestella, 108, 125, 145, 184, 198, 210; cribrosa, 146; magnifica, 146; retiformis, 198.
Fenestellidœ, 183.
Ferns, of the Devonian, 136; of the Carboniferous, 164; of the Permian, 196; of the Trias, 207; of the Jurassic, 229; of the Cretaceous, 261.
Fig-shells, 293.
Fishes, 150; of the Upper Silurian, 130, 131; of the Devonian, 150-155; of the Carboniferous, 187, 188; of the Permian, 199, 200; of the Trias, 214, 215; of the Jurassic, 240-242; of the Cretaceous, 275, 276; of the Eocene, 295, 296; of the Miocene, 312, 313.
Flint, 33; structure of, 34; origin of, 34; organisms of, 34, 138, 263; of Chalk, 34, 259, 261. Human implements associated with bones of extinct Mammals, 363, 364.
Flora (see Plants).
Footprints of Cheirotherium, 215, 216; of the Triassic sandstones of Connecticut, 222.
Foraminifera, 22-24, 71-74; of the Cambrian, 82; of the Lower Silurian, 98; of the Carboniferous, 171, 172; of the Permian, 197; of the Trias, 209; of the Jurassic, 230; of the Cretaceous, 21, 22, 263; of the Eocene, 290; of the Miocene, 311; of the Post-Pliocene, 338; of Atlantic ooze, 22, 23; as builders of limestone, 24, 25, 28; as forming green sands, 34.
Forbesiocrinus, 175.
Forest-bed of Cromer, 336.
Forest-bugs, 311.
Forest-marble, 227.
Formation, definition of, 18; succession of, 42.
Fossiliferous rocks, 14-37; chronological succession of, 37-44.
Fossilisation, processes of, 11-14.
Fossils, definition of, 11; distinctive, of rock-groups, 38; conclusions to be drawn from, 52-56; biological relations of, 57-61.
Foxes, 304.
Fringe-finned Ganoids, 153.
Fucoidal Sandstone, 79, 80.
Fucoids, 80, 97.
Fuller's Earth, 227, 229.
Fusulina, 172; cylindrica, 172.
Fusus, 237, 293.

Galeocerdo, 312.
Galerites, 266; albo-galerus, 267.
Galestes, 254.
Ganoid Fishes, 150; of the Upper Silurian, 130; of the Devonian, 150-153; of the Carboniferous, 187, 188; of the Permian, 199; of the Trias, 214; of the Jurassic, 241; of the Cretaceous, 275; of the Eocene, 292, 293.
Gaspé Beds, 134.
Gasteropoda, of the Cambrian, 88; of the Lower Silurian, 111; of the Upper Silurian, 128, 129; of the Devonian, 148; of the Carboniferous, 186; of the Permian, 199; of the Trias, 213; of the Jurassic, 236, 237; of the Cretaceous, 271; of the Eocene, 292, 293.
Gastornis Parisiensis, 297.
Gault, 257, 258.
Gavial, 251, 297.
Genesee Slates, 135.
Geological record, breaks in the, 47-52.
Giraffes, 317.
Glacial period, 335; deposits of, 337, 338.
Glandulina, 311.
Glauconite, 34, 74, 98, 263.
Glauconome, 126, 184; pulcherrima, 183.
Globe Crinoids (see Cystoidea).
Globigerina, 22, 23, 264.
Glutton, 360.
Glyptaster, 120.
Glyptocrinus, 122.
Glyptodon, 351, 352; clavipes, 352.
Glyptolœmus, 153.
Goats, 318.
Goniatites, 130, 149, 187, 214; Jossœ, 187.
Gorgonidœ, 292.
Grallatores, 297.
Graphite, 36; mode of occurrence of, 36, 68; origin of, 36.
Graptolites, 89, 100; structure of, 100; of the Lower Silurian, 100-103; of the Upper Silurian, 118, 119.
Great Oolite, 227, 229; Upper, 257, 258, 260.
Greenland. Miocene plants of, 311.
Greensand, Lower, 257.
Green sands, origin of, 44, 263.
Grevillea, 262, 308.
Griffithides, 197.
Grizzly Bear, 359.
Groond Sloths, 351.
Gryphœa, 236; incurva, 236.
Guelph Limestone, 117.
Gulo luscus, 360; spelœus, 360.
Guttenstein Beds, 205, 206.
Gymnospermous Exogens, 262.
Gypsum, 32, 193, 204.
Gyracanthus, 188.
Gyroceras, 130.

Hadrosaurus, 278.
Halitherium, 299.
Hallstadt Beds, 205, 206.
Halobia, 211.
Halysites, 119; agglomerata, 120; catenularia, 120.
Hamilton formation, 135, 137.
Hamites, 273; rotundus, 274.
Haplophlebium Barnesi, 182.
Harlech Grits, 78, 79.
Harpes, 108, 123; ungula, 124.
Hastings Sands, 257.
Headon and Osborne series, 287, 288.
Heart-urchins, 311.
Heliolites, 105, 119, 266.
Heliophyllum, 142, 173; exiguum, 141.
Helix, 294.
Helladotherium, 317.
Helopora fragilis, 126.
Hemicidaris crenularis, 233.
Hemiptera, 311.
Hemitrochiscus paradoxus, 197.
Hempstead Beds, 306.
Hesperornis, 281, 282; regalis, 282.
Heteropoda, 111; of the Lower Silurian, 111; of the Upper Silurian, 129; of the Devonian, 148; of the Carboniferous, 186.
Hinnites, 213.
Hipparion, 301, 302, 316, 317, 328.
Hippopodium, 235.
Hippopotamus, 302; amphibus, 317, 329; major, 329, 336, 354; Sivalensis, 318.
Hippothoa, 108.
Hippurite Marble, 270.
Hippurites, 270; Toucasiana, 271.
Hippuritidœ, 270, 285.
Histioderma, 82.
Hollow-horned Ruminants, 317.
Holocystis elegan, 266.
Holopea, 129; Subconica, 129.
Holopella, 129, 213; obsoleta, 129.
Holoptychius, 153; nobilissimus, 154.
Holostomatous Univalves, 236, 293.
Holothurians, 120.
Holtenia, 264.
Homacanthus, 188.
Homalonotus, 123, 145; armatus, 144.
Homo diluvii testis, 313.
Honeycomb Corals, 142.
Hoofed Quadrupeds, 300.
Hudson River Group, 95.
Huronian Period, 75, 76; rocks of, 75.
Hyœna crocuta, 360; spelœa, 360; Hipparionum, 330.
Hyœnictis, 322.
Hyœnodon, 304.
Hyalea D'Orbignyana, 312.
Hybodus, 214, 242, 275.
Hydractinia, 265.
Hydroid Zoophytes, 103, 265.
Hymenocaris vermicauda, 84, 88.
Hymenophyllites, 165.
Hymenoptera, 311.
Hyopotamus, 302.
Hyperodapedon, 218.
Hypsiprymnopsis, 224.
Hystrix primigenius, 322.

Ichthyocrinus lœvis, 122.
Ichthyornis, 281, 282; dispar, 281, 282.
Ichthyosaurus, 242, 243, 276; communis, 242.
Ictitherium, 322.
Iguana, 277.
Iguanodon, 277, 278; Mantelli, 278.
Ilfracombe Group, 134.
Illœnus, 108, 123.
Imperfection of the palæontological record, 50, 51.
Inferior Oolite, 227, 229.
Infusorial Earth, 33.
Inoceramus, 269; sulcatus, 270.
Insectivora, of the Eocene, 305; of the Miocene, 322.
Insects, of the Devonian, 145; of the Carboniferous, 182; of the Jurassic, 233; of the Miocene, 311, 312.
Irish Elk, 354, 355.
Ischadites, 99, 118.
Isopod Crustaceans, 84.

Jackson Beds, 289.
Jurassic period, 226; rocks of, 226-229; life of, 229-255.

Kaidacarpum, 230.
Kainozoic period, 44, 284-287.
Kangaroo, 348.
Kelloway Rock, 227.
Kent's Cavern, deposits in, 343.
Keuper, 204, 206.
Kimmeridge Clay, 227, 229.
King-crabs, 84, 124, 125, 179.
Koninckia, 213, 214.
Kössen Beds, 205, 206.

Labyrinthodon Jœgeri, 217.
Labyrinthodontia, 290; of the Carboniferous, 189-191; of the Permian, 200; of the Trias, 215-217.
Lace-corals, 108, 125, 145, 183, 198, 210.
Lacertilia, 202; of the Permian, 201, 202; of the Trias, 217, 218; of the Jurassic, 251; of the Cretaceous, 280.
Lœlaps, 278.
Lamellibranchiata, of the Cambrian, 88; of the Lower Silurian, 110; of the Upper Silurian, 128; of the Devonian, 148; of the Carboniferous, 186; of the Permian, 198; of the Trias, 211; of the Jurassic, 234-236; of the Cretaceous, 268-270; of the Eocene, 292.
Lamna, 275, 312.
Lamp-shells (see Brachiopoda).
Land-tortoises, 313.
Lauraceœ, 308.
Laurentian period, 65; rocks of, 65, 66; Lower Laurentian, 66; Upper Laurentian, 66; areas occupied by Laurentian rocks, 66; limestones of, 66; iron-ores of, 68; phosphate of lime of, 68; graphite of, 68; life of, 67-75.
Leaf-beds of the Isle of Mull, 306.
Leda, 292; truncata, 338.
Leguminosites Marcouanus, 263.
Lemming, 344, 345.
Lepadidœ, 267.
Lepadocrinus Gebhardi, 106.
Leperditia, 108; canadensis, 107.
Lepidaster, 120.
Lepidechinus, 178.
Lepidesthes, 178.
Lepidodendroids, 166, 167, 207.
Lepidodendron, 118, 136, 166, 196; Sternberg, 167.
Lepidoptera, 311.
Lepidosiren, 153.
Lepidosteus, 188.
Lepidostrobus, 166.
Lepidotus, 275.
Leptœna, 109, 110, 125, 234; Liassica, 235; sericea, 110.
Leptocœlia, 127; plano-convexa, 127.
Lias, 226, 227, 229.
Lichas, 108.
Licrophycus Ottawaensis, 97.
Lignitic Formation of North America, 288, 297.
Lily-encrinite, 209, 210.
Lima, 235.
Lime, phosphate of, 30, 31.
Limestone, 23-27; varieties of, 27-30; origin of, 21; microscopical structure of, 26; Crinoidal, 24; Foraminiferal, 24, 26; coralline, 24; magnesian, 27; metamorphic, 27; oolitic, 28-30; pisolitic, 29; bituminous, 36; Laurentian, 67.
Limnœa, 294; pyramidalis, 294.
Limulus, 84, 124, 125, 179.
Lingula, 87, 88, 110, 127, 147, 198; Credneri, 198.
Lingula Flags, 77, 78, 79, 88.
Lingulella, 87, 88; Davisii, 88; ferruginea, 88.
Liriodendron, 262, 308; Meeki, 263.
Lithostrotion, 173; irregulare, 174.
Lituites, 130.
Lizards (see Lacertilia).
Llama, 354.
Llanberis Slates, 79.
Llandeilo rocks, 92, 94, 96.
Llandovery rocks, 93; Lower, 93; Upper, 115.
Lobsters, 180, 210, 233, 267.
Loess, 339.
London Clay, 287, 288.
Longmynd rocks, 77-80, 83.
Lonsdaleia, 173.
Lophiodon, 316.
Lophophyllum, 173.
Lower Cambrian, 77-79; Chalk, 259; Cretaceous, 257, 258; Devonian, 134; Eocene, 287, 288; Greensand, 257, 258; Helderberg, 117, 118; Laurentian rocks, 66; Ludlow rock, 116; Miocene, 305; Old Red Sandstone, 134; Oolites, 229; Silurian period, 90-114; rocks of, in Britain, 92-94; in North America, 94-96; life of, 97-114.
Loxonema, 186, 199, 213.
Ludlow rock, 116, 117.
Lycopodiaceœ, 118, 136, 167.
Lynton Group, 134.
Lyrodesma, 111.

Macaques, 323, 331.
Machœracanthus major, 151, 155.
Machairodus, 221, 249, 322, 331, 360; cultridens, 331.
Maclurea, 111; crenulata, 112.
Macrocheilus, 186, 199, 213.
Macropetalichthys, 152; Sullivanti, 151.
Macrotherium giganteum, 315.
Macrurous Crustaceans, 180.
Mactra, 292.
Maestricht Chalk, 259, 279, 286.
Magnesian Limestone, 27; nature and structure of, 28; of the Permian series, 194, 196.
Magnolia, 262, 290, 310.
Mammalia, of the Trias, 223, 224; of the Jurassic, 253, 254; of the Eocene, 299-305; of the Miocene, 313-323; of the Pliocene, 327-331; of the Post-Pliocene, 348-362.
Mammoth, 339, 341, 344, 357-359.
Man, remains of, in Post-Pliocene deposits, 341, 344.
Manatee, 299.
Mantellia, 230; megalophylla, 230.
Maple, 290, 308, 310.
Marble, 28; encrinital, 24; statuary, 27.
Marcellus Shales, 135.
Mariacrinus, 122.
Marmots, 322.
Marsupials, 299; of the Trias, 223; of the Jurassic, 253, 254; of the Eocene, 299; of the Miocene, 315; of the Post-Pliocene, 348, 319.
Marsupiocrinus, 122.
Marsupites, 266.
Mastodon, 319, 321, 322; Americanus, angustidens, 322; Arvenensis, 329; longirostris, 322; Ohioticus, 357; Sivalensis, 321.
Medina Sandstone, 116.
Megalichthys, 188.
Megalodon, 148.
Megalomus, 128.
Megalonyx, 351.
Megalosaurus, 249, 278.
Megatherium, 350, 351; Cuvieri, 350.
Melania, 294.
Melonites, 178.
Menevian Group, 77-79.
Menobranchus, 189.
Meristella, 127; cylindrica, 127; intermedia, 127; naviformis, 127.
Mesopithecus, 323.
Mesozoic Period, 44.
Michelinia, 142.
Micraster, 266.
Microlestes, 224; antiquus, 223.
Middle Devonian, 134; Eocene, 287, 288, 289; Oolites, 227; Silurian, 91.
Miliolite Limestone, 290.
Millepora, 230.
Millstone Grit, 159, 161.
Miocene period, 305; rocks of, in Britain, 305, 306; in France, 306; in Belgium, 307; in Switzerland, 306; in Austria, 307; in Germany, 307; in Italy, 307; in India, 307; in North America, 307; life of, 308-323.
Mitre-shells, 371, 293.
Mitra, 271, 293.
Moas of New Zealand, 346-348.
Modiolopsis, 111; Solvensis, 88.
Molasse, 306.
Mole, 322, 336.
Monkeys, 305, 331.
Monocotyledonous plant, 262.
Monograptus, 100, 119; priodon, 119.
Monotis, 211.
Monte Bolca, fishes of, 295.
Montlivaltia, 209.
Mosasauroids, 279, 280.
Mosasaurus, 279; Camperi, 279; princeps, 279.
Mountain Limestone, 158, 161.
Mud-fishes, 153, 215.
Mud-turtles, 280.
Mull, Miocene strata of, 306.
Murchisonia, 111, 129, 199, 213; gracilis, 11.
Murex, 237, 293.
Muschelkalk, 203, 204, 206.
Musk-deer, 317.
Musk-ox, 344, 345, 356.
Musk-sheep, 356.
Myliobatis Edwardsii, 296.
Mylodon, 351; robustus, 352.
Myophoria, 211; lineata, 211.
Myriapoda of the Coal, 181, 182.