Cainozoic (see Kainozoic).
Calamaries, 239.
Calamites, 165, 166, 196; cannœformis, 166.
Calcaire Grossier, 287, 288.
Calcareous rocks, 20-32; Tufa, 21.
Calciferous Sand-rock, 95, 96.
Calveria, 178.
Calymene, 108, 123; Blumenbachii, 107.
Camarophoria globulina, 198.
Cambrian period, 77-90; rocks of, in Britain, 77, 78; in Bohemia, 79; in North America, 79; life of, 80-90.
Camelopardalidœ, 317.
Camels, 317, 354.
Canis lupus, 336; Parisiensis, 304.
Caradoc rocks, 93, 94, 96.
Carbon, origin of, 36.
Carboniferous Limestone, 157, 158.
Carboniferous period, 157-192; rocks of, 157-160; life of, 160-191.
Carboniferous Slates of Ireland, 135, 158, 159.
Carcharias, 275.
Carcharodon, 295, 312; productus, 313.
Cardinia, 235.
Cardiocarpon, 137.
Cardiola, 128; fibrosa, 128; interrupta, 128.
Cardita, 213, 292; planicosta, 292, 293.
Cardium, 292; Rhœticum, 211, 212.
Caribou, 355.
Carnivora, of the Eocene, 304; of the Miocene, 322; of the Pliocene, 330, 331; of the Post-Pliocene, 359-361.
Caryocaris, 107, 108.
Caryocrinus ornatus, 106.
Castor fiber, 336.
Castoroides Ohioensis, 361.
Catastrophism, theory of, 3.
Catopterus, 214.
Cauda-Galli Grit, 135, 137.
Caulopteris, 136, 164.
Cave-bear, 360.
Cave-deposits, 337, 339, 341-344.
Cave-hyæna, 360.
Cave-lion, 361.
Caves, formation of, 341; deposits in, 342.
Cavicornia, 317.
Cement-stones, 31.
Cephalaspis, 152.
Cephalopoda, of the Cambrian period, 88; of the Lower Silurian, 111-114; of the Upper Silurian, 130; of the Devonian, 149; of the Carboniferous, 186, 187; of the Permian, 199; of the Trias, 212; of the Jurassic, 237-240; of the Cretaceous, 272-275; of the Eocene, 294; of the Miocene, 312.
Ceratiocaris, 108.
Ceratites, 212-214; nodosus, 212.
Ceratodus, 214; altus, 214; Fosteri, 214; serratus, 214.
Ceriopora, 145; Hamiltonensis, 146.
Cerithium, 213, 293; hexagonum, 294.
Cervidœ, of the Miocene period, 314; of the Pliocene, 329; of the Post-Pliocene, 354, 355.
Cervus, 317; capreolus, 336, 354; elaphus, 336, 355; megaceros, 354, 355; tarandus, 354.
Cestracion Philippi, 188, 255.
Cestracionts, of the Devonian, 154; of the Carboniferous, 188; of the Permian, 199; of the Trias, 214; of the Jurassic, 242; of the Cretaceous, 275.
Cetacea, 299; of the Eocene, 299; of the Miocene, 315.
Cetiosaurus, 249, 25.
Chœropotamus, 302.
Chœtetes, 105, 173; tumidus, 174.
Chain-coral, 119.
Chalk, 259; structure of, 21-23; Foraminifera of, 22, 263; origin of, 23; with flints, 253; without flints, 259.
Chama, 236.
Chamœrops, 308; Helvetica, 309.
Chazy Limestone, 95, 96.
Cheiroptera, of the Eocene, 304, 305; of the Miocene, 322.
Cheirotherium, 215, 216.
Cheirurus, 108, 123; bimucronatus, 124.
Chelichnus Duncani, 202.
Chelone Benstedi, 280; planiceps, 251.
Chelonia, of the Permian, 202; of the Jurassic, 251; of the Cretaceous, 280; of the Eocene, 296; of the Miocene, 213.
Chemnitzia, 213.
Chemung Group, 135, 136, 137.
Chert, 34.
Chillesford Beds, 325, 326, 336.
Chonetes, 127, 147, 184; Hardrensis, 185.
Chonophyllum, 173.
Cidaris, 266.
Cincinnati Group, 95, 96.
Cinnamomum polymorphum, 309.
Cinnamon-trees, 262, 290, 306, 308, 309.
Cladodus, 188.
Claiborne Beds, 289.
Clathropora, 145; intertexta, 146.
Clay, 20; Red, origin of, 35.
Clay-ironstone, nodules of, 31.
Cleidophorus, 111.
Cleodora, 312.
Climacograptus, 101, 119.
Clinton Formation, 116, 117.
Clisiophyllum, 173.
Clupeidœ, 276.
Clymenia, 149; Sedgwickii, 149.
Coal, 36; structure of, 163; mode of formation of, 162.
Coal-measures, 159, 160; mineral characters of, 159; mode of formation of, 160, 162; plants of, 162-170.
Coccoliths, 261.
Coccosteus, 151, 152.
Cochliodus, 188; cantortus, 189.
Coleoptera, 182, 311.
Colossochelys Atlas, 313.
Columnaria, 105; alveolata, 105.
Comatula, 232, 266.
Conclusions to be drawn from Fossils, 52-56.
Concretions, calcareous, 29; phosphatic, 31; of clay-ironstone, 31; of manganese, 31.
Conglomerate, 18.
Coniferœ, 262; wood of, 13; of Devonian period, 138; of the Carboniferous, 170; of the Permian, 196; of the Trias, 208; of the Jurassic period, 230.
Coniston Flags and Grits, 116.
Connecticut Sandstones, footprints of, 222, 346.
Conocoryphe Mathewi, 85; Sultzeri, 85.
Conodonts, 114, 131.
Constellaria, 105.
Constricting serpents of the Eocene, 296.
Contemporaneity of strata, 44-46.
Continuity, theory of, 5-7.
Conularia, 111, 129, 148, 186, 199, 237; ornata, 149.
Conulus, 186.
Conus, 293.
Coomhola Grits, 158, 159.
Coprolites, 31, 243.
Coralline Crag, 324.
Corallines, 25.
Corallium, 311.
Coral-rag, 227, 229, 230.
Coral-reefs, 24-26.
Coral-rock, 26.
Coral-sand, 19, 26.
Corals, 103; of the Lower Silurian, 104; of the Upper Silurian, 119; of the Devonian, 140-143; of the Carboniferous, 172-175; of the Permian, 197; of the Trias, 209; of the Jurassic, 230, 231; of the Cretaceous, 266; of the Eocene, 292; of the Miocene, 311.
Corbula, 235.
Cornbrash, 227, 229.
Corniferous Limestone, 135, 137.
Cornulites, 123.
Cornus, 262.
Coryphodon, 300.
Cowries, 259, 271, 293.
Crabs, 180, 197, 233, 267.
Crag, Red, 324; White, 324; Norwich, 324; Antwerp, 325; Bridlington, 325; Coralline, 324.
Crania, 110, 127, 198, 269; Ignabergensis, 269.
Crassatella, 292.
Crepidophyllum, 142; Archiaci, 142.
Cretaceous period, 256-283; rocks of, in Britain, 257-259; in North America, 260, 261; life of, 261-283.
Crinoidal Limestone, 24, 25.
Crinoidea, 120; of the Cambrian, 82; of the Lower Silurian, 105; of the Upper Silurian, 120-122; of the Devonian, 143; of the Carboniferous, 175; of the Permian, 197; of the Triss, 209; of the Jurassic, 231; of the Cretaceous, 266; of the Eocene, 292.
Crioceras, 273; cristatum, 274.
Crocodilia, 218; of the Trias, 218; of the Jurassic, 251; of the Cretaceous, 280; of the Eocene, 296, 297.
Cromer Forest-bed, 336.
Crossozamites, 230.
Crotalocrinus, 122.
Crustacea, of the Cambrian, 83-87; of the Lower Silurian, 107, 108; of the Upper Silurian, 123-125; of the Devonian, 144; of the Carboniferous, 178-181; of the Permian, 197; of the Trias, 210; of the Jurassic, 233; of the Cretaceous, 267.
Cryptogams, 164, 262.
Ctenacanthus, 188.
Ctenodonta, 111.
Cupressus, 262.
Cursores, 297, 346.
Cuttle-fishes (see Dibranchiate Cephalopods).
Cyathocrinus, 175.
Cyathophyllum, 119, 142, 173.
Cycadopteris, 262.
Cycads, 208; of the Carboniferous, 170; of the Permian, 197; of the Trias, 208; of the Jurassic, 230; of the Cretaceous, 261.
Cyclas, 268.
Cyclonema, 129.
Cyclophthalmus senior, 181.
Cyclostoma, 294; Arnoudii, 294.
Cynodraco, 220.
Cyprœa, 271, 293; elegans, 393.
Cypress, 262, 308, 311.
Cypridina, 145.
Cypridina Slates, 145.
Cyrena, 235, 268, 292.
Cyrtina, 213, 214.
Cyrtoceras, 114.
Cystiphyllum, 119, 142, 173; vesiculosum, 141.
Cystoidea, 105-107; of the Cambrian, 82; of the Lower Silurian, 106; of the Upper Silurian, 120.

Dachstein Beds, 205, 206.
Dadoxylon, 138, 170.
Daonella, 211; Lommelli, 211.
Dasornis Londinensis, 297.
Decapod Crustaceans, 180.
Deer, 317, 329, 354.
Deinosauria, 248; of the Trias, 221; of the Jurassic, 248-251; of the Cretaceous, 277-279.
Deinotherium, 319, 320; giganteum, 320.
Denbighshire Flags and Grits, 115.
Dendrocrinus, 82.
Dendrograptus, 100.
Desmids, 138, 262.
Devonian Formation, 133-136; origin of name, 133; relation to Old Red Sandstone, 133, 134; of Devonshire, 134; of North America, 135, 136; life of, 136-156.
Diadema, 266.
Diatoms, 33; of the Devonian, 138; of the Carboniferous, 164; of flints, 261; of Richmond Earth, 33, 307.
Dibranchiate Cephalopods, 112; of the Trias, 212; of the Jurassic, 239-241; of the Cretaceous, 274, 275; of the Eocene, 294; of the Miocene, 312.
Diceras, 236; arietina, 236.
Diceras Limestone, 227, 236.
Dichobune, 303.
Dichograptus, 101; octobrachiatus, 101.
Dicotyledonous plants, 262.
Dicotyles antiquus, 317.
Dicranograptus, 101, 119.
Dictyonema, 89, 100, 119; sociale, 89.
Dicynodon, 220; lacerticeps, 221.
Didelphys, 254, 315; gypsorum, 299.
Didus ineptus, 348.
Didymograptus, 101; divaricatus, 102.
Dikellocephalus Celticus, 84; Minnesotensis, 84.
Dimorphodon, 247.
Dinichthys, 153; Hertzeri, 151.
Ditoceras, 303; mirabilis, 304.
Dinocerata, 303, 304.
Dinophis, 296.
Dinornis, 346, 348; elephantopus, 346; giganteus, 346.
Dinosauria (see Deinosauria).
Dinotherium (see Deinotherium).
Diphyphyllum, 142.
Diplograptus, 101, 119; pristis, 102.
Dipnoi, 153, 187, 215.
Diprotodon, 348, 349; australis, 348.
Diptera, 311.
Discina, 87, 110, 127, 198.
Discoidea, 266; cylindrica, 267.
Dithyrocaris, 179; Scouleri, 180.
Dodo, 348.
Dog whelks.
Dolomite, 293.
Dolomitic Couglomerate of Bristol, 201, 219.
Dolphins, 299, 315.
Dorcatherium, 317.
Downton Sandstone, 116.
Draco volans, 245.
Dragon-flies, 311.
Drift, Glacial, 337.
Dremotherium, 317.
Dromatherium sylvestre, 223, 224.
Dryandra, 262.
Dryopithecus, 323.
Dugougs, 299.

Echinodermata, of the Cambrian, 82; of the Lower Silurian, 105; of the Upper Silurian, 120; of the Devonian, 143; of the Carboniferous, 175; of the Permian, 197; of the Trias, 209; of the Jurassic, 231; of the Cretaceous, 266; of the Eocene, 292.
Echinoidea, 177; of the Upper Silurian, 120; or the Devonian, 143; of the Carboniferous, 177; of the Permian, 197; of the Jurassic, 233; of the Cretaceous, 266.
Edentata, 349; of the Eocene, 299; of the Miocene, 315; of the Post-Pliocene, 349-353.
Edriocrinus, 122.
Eifel Limostone, 135.
Elasmobranchii (See Placoid Fishes).
Elasmosaurus, 276.
Elephants, 319, 320, 330.
Elphas, 320; Americanus, 357; antiquus, 329, 330, 336, 341, 357; Falconeri, 359; Melitensis, 359; meridionalis, 329, 330, 336, 357; planifrons, 321; primigenius, 339, 341, 357, 358.
Elk, 354; Irish, 354, 355.
Ellipsocephalus Hoffi, 84.
Elotherium, 317.
Emydidœ, 296.
Emys, 280.
Enaliosaurians, 219, 242, 276.
Encrinital warble, 24.
Encrinurus, 123.
Encrinus liliiformis, 209, 210.
Endogenous plants, 261.
Endophyllum, 173.
Endothyra, 171; Bailyi, 172.
Engis skull, 364.
Entomis, 145.
Entomoconchus Scouleri, 179, 180.
Eocene period, 284; rocks of, in Britain, 287, 288; in France, 288; in North America, 288, 289; life of, 289, 305.
Eocidaris, 197.
Eophyton, 80; Linneanum, 81.
Eophyton Sandstone, 79.
Eosaurus Acadianus, 191.
Eozoic rocks, 67.
Eozoön Bavaricum, 76.
Eozoön Canadense, 68, 76; appearance of, in mass, 69; minute structure of, 70, 71; affinities of, with Foraminifera, 71-74.
Ephemeridœ, 145, 183.
Equisetaceœ, 166.
Equisetites, 196.
Equidœ, 301, 302, 316, 328.
Equus, 302; caballus, 354; excelsus, 328; fossilis, 336, 354.
Eridophyllum, 142.
Eryon arctiformis, 233, 234.
Eschara, 267.
Escharidœ, 267.
Escharina, 267; Oceani, 268.
Estheria, 145, 179, 210; tenella, 180.
Eucalyptocrinus, 122; polydactylus, 122.
Eucladia, 120.
Euomphalus, 128, 148, 186, 199, 213; discors, 129.
Euplectella, 265.
Euproöps, 179.
European Bison, 356.
Eurypterida, 124, 179; of the Upper Silurian, 124; of the Devonian, 144.
Even-toed Ungulates, 300, 317, 354.
Exogenous plants, 266.
Exogyra, 236; virgula, 236.
Extinction of species, 57, 58.