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       ---
       e_asin.c (3598B)
       ---
            1 /* @(#)e_asin.c 5.1 93/09/24 */
            2 /*
            3  * ====================================================
            4  * Copyright (C) 1993 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
            5  *
            6  * Developed at SunPro, a Sun Microsystems, Inc. business.
            7  * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
            8  * software is freely granted, provided that this notice
            9  * is preserved.
           10  * ====================================================
           11  */
           12 
           13 #ifndef lint
           14 static char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD: src/lib/msun/src/e_asin.c,v 1.10 2003/07/23 04:53:46 peter Exp $";
           15 #endif
           16 
           17 /* __ieee754_asin(x)
           18  * Method :
           19  *        Since  asin(x) = x + x^3/6 + x^5*3/40 + x^7*15/336 + ...
           20  *        we approximate asin(x) on [0,0.5] by
           21  *                asin(x) = x + x*x^2*R(x^2)
           22  *        where
           23  *                R(x^2) is a rational approximation of (asin(x)-x)/x^3
           24  *        and its remez error is bounded by
           25  *                |(asin(x)-x)/x^3 - R(x^2)| < 2^(-58.75)
           26  *
           27  *        For x in [0.5,1]
           28  *                asin(x) = pi/2-2*asin(sqrt((1-x)/2))
           29  *        Let y = (1-x), z = y/2, s := sqrt(z), and pio2_hi+pio2_lo=pi/2;
           30  *        then for x>0.98
           31  *                asin(x) = pi/2 - 2*(s+s*z*R(z))
           32  *                        = pio2_hi - (2*(s+s*z*R(z)) - pio2_lo)
           33  *        For x<=0.98, let pio4_hi = pio2_hi/2, then
           34  *                f = hi part of s;
           35  *                c = sqrt(z) - f = (z-f*f)/(s+f)         ...f+c=sqrt(z)
           36  *        and
           37  *                asin(x) = pi/2 - 2*(s+s*z*R(z))
           38  *                        = pio4_hi+(pio4-2s)-(2s*z*R(z)-pio2_lo)
           39  *                        = pio4_hi+(pio4-2f)-(2s*z*R(z)-(pio2_lo+2c))
           40  *
           41  * Special cases:
           42  *        if x is NaN, return x itself;
           43  *        if |x|>1, return NaN with invalid signal.
           44  *
           45  */
           46 
           47 
           48 #include "math.h"
           49 #include "math_private.h"
           50 
           51 static const double
           52 one =  1.00000000000000000000e+00, /* 0x3FF00000, 0x00000000 */
           53 huge =  1.000e+300,
           54 pio2_hi =  1.57079632679489655800e+00, /* 0x3FF921FB, 0x54442D18 */
           55 pio2_lo =  6.12323399573676603587e-17, /* 0x3C91A626, 0x33145C07 */
           56 pio4_hi =  7.85398163397448278999e-01, /* 0x3FE921FB, 0x54442D18 */
           57         /* coefficient for R(x^2) */
           58 pS0 =  1.66666666666666657415e-01, /* 0x3FC55555, 0x55555555 */
           59 pS1 = -3.25565818622400915405e-01, /* 0xBFD4D612, 0x03EB6F7D */
           60 pS2 =  2.01212532134862925881e-01, /* 0x3FC9C155, 0x0E884455 */
           61 pS3 = -4.00555345006794114027e-02, /* 0xBFA48228, 0xB5688F3B */
           62 pS4 =  7.91534994289814532176e-04, /* 0x3F49EFE0, 0x7501B288 */
           63 pS5 =  3.47933107596021167570e-05, /* 0x3F023DE1, 0x0DFDF709 */
           64 qS1 = -2.40339491173441421878e+00, /* 0xC0033A27, 0x1C8A2D4B */
           65 qS2 =  2.02094576023350569471e+00, /* 0x40002AE5, 0x9C598AC8 */
           66 qS3 = -6.88283971605453293030e-01, /* 0xBFE6066C, 0x1B8D0159 */
           67 qS4 =  7.70381505559019352791e-02; /* 0x3FB3B8C5, 0xB12E9282 */
           68 
           69 double
           70 __ieee754_asin(double x)
           71 {
           72         double t=0.0,w,p,q,c,r,s;
           73         int32_t hx,ix;
           74         GET_HIGH_WORD(hx,x);
           75         ix = hx&0x7fffffff;
           76         if(ix>= 0x3ff00000) {                /* |x|>= 1 */
           77             u_int32_t lx;
           78             GET_LOW_WORD(lx,x);
           79             if(((ix-0x3ff00000)|lx)==0)
           80                     /* asin(1)=+-pi/2 with inexact */
           81                 return x*pio2_hi+x*pio2_lo;
           82             return (x-x)/(x-x);                /* asin(|x|>1) is NaN */
           83         } else if (ix<0x3fe00000) {        /* |x|<0.5 */
           84             if(ix<0x3e400000) {                /* if |x| < 2**-27 */
           85                 if(huge+x>one) return x;/* return x with inexact if x!=0*/
           86             } else
           87                 t = x*x;
           88                 p = t*(pS0+t*(pS1+t*(pS2+t*(pS3+t*(pS4+t*pS5)))));
           89                 q = one+t*(qS1+t*(qS2+t*(qS3+t*qS4)));
           90                 w = p/q;
           91                 return x+x*w;
           92         }
           93         /* 1> |x|>= 0.5 */
           94         w = one-fabs(x);
           95         t = w*0.5;
           96         p = t*(pS0+t*(pS1+t*(pS2+t*(pS3+t*(pS4+t*pS5)))));
           97         q = one+t*(qS1+t*(qS2+t*(qS3+t*qS4)));
           98         s = __ieee754_sqrt(t);
           99         if(ix>=0x3FEF3333) {         /* if |x| > 0.975 */
          100             w = p/q;
          101             t = pio2_hi-(2.0*(s+s*w)-pio2_lo);
          102         } else {
          103             w  = s;
          104             SET_LOW_WORD(w,0);
          105             c  = (t-w*w)/(s+w);
          106             r  = p/q;
          107             p  = 2.0*s*r-(pio2_lo-2.0*c);
          108             q  = pio4_hi-2.0*w;
          109             t  = pio4_hi-(p-q);
          110         }
          111         if(hx>0) return t; else return -t;
          112 }