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OR [34]check out the new Slashdot job board to browse remote jobs or jobs in your area Do you develop on GitHub? You can keep using GitHub but automatically [35]sync your GitHub releases to SourceForge quickly and easily with [36]this tool so your projects have a backup location, and get your project in front of SourceForge's nearly 20 million monthly users. It takes less than a minute. Get new users downloading your project releases today! [37]× 173095716 story [38]Programming [39]The Linux Kernel Prepares For Rust 1.77 Upgrade [40](phoronix.com) Posted by EditorDavid on Monday February 19, 2024 @07:34AM from the language-barriers dept. An anonymous reader shared [41]this post from Phoronix: With Linux 6.8 the kernel's Rust code [42]was brought up to Rust 1.75 while new patches posted [43]this weekend port the code over to Rust 1.76 and then [44]the upcoming Rust 1.77... With Rust 1.77 they have now stabilized the single-field "offset_of" feature used by the kernel's Rust code. Rust 1.77 also adds a "--check-cfg" option that the Rust kernel code will likely transition to in the future. This follows the Rust for Linux policy of tracking the upstream Rust version upgrades until there is a minimum version that can be declared where all used features are considered stable. apply tags__________ 173099228 story [45]Transportation [46]Why Are California's EV Sales Dropping? [47](msn.com) [48]59 Posted by EditorDavid on Monday February 19, 2024 @03:34AM from the charging-ahead dept. "After years of rapid expansion, California's booming EV market may be showing signs of fatigue," [49]reports the Los Angeles Times, "as high vehicle prices, unreliable charging networks and other consumer headaches appear to dampen enthusiasm for zero-emission vehicles. "For the first time in more than a decade, electric vehicle sales dropped significantly in the last half of 2023..." Sales of all-electric cars and light trucks in California had started off strong in 2023, rising 48% in the first half of the year compared with a year earlier. By that time, [50]California EV sales numbered roughly 190,807 — or slightly more than a quarter of all EV sales in the nation, according to the California New Car Dealers Assn. But it's what happened in the second half of last year though that's generating jitters. Sales in the third quarter fell by 2,840 from the previous period — the first quarterly drop for EVs in California since the Tesla Model S was introduced in 2012. And the fourth quarter was even worse: Sales dropped 10.2%, from 100,151 to 89,933... Propelled by the sales success of Tesla, and boosted by electric vehicles from other automakers entering the market, consumer acceptance of EVs had seemed like a given until recently. In fact, robust sales growth is a key assumption in the state's zero-emission vehicle plan... Under the no-gas mandate, zero-emission vehicles must account for 35% of all new vehicle sales by model year 2026.... Nationally, EV sales growth also has slowed as automakers such as Ford and General Motors [51]cut back — at least temporarily — on EV and battery production plans. Hertz, the rental car giant, is also pulling back on plans to shift heavily toward EVs. Hertz several years ago announced plans to buy 100,000 Teslas but is now [52]selling off its EV fleet. Corey Cantor, EV analyst at Bloomberg BNEF, an energy research firm, said that although recent sales figures are worrisome, there's plenty of momentum behind the EV transition, as evidenced by government mandates around the globe and massive investments by motor vehicle manufacturers and their suppliers. Those investments total [53]$616 billion globally over five years, according to consulting firm AlixPartners. But EVs haven't reached "price parity" with gas-powered engines, the article points out, so just 7.6% of the vehicles sold last year in the U.S. were electric — while in California, the market share for EVS was 20.1%. The article also quantifies concerns about reliability of California's public charging system, which "according to studies from academic researchers and market analysts, can be counted on to malfunction [54]at least 20% of the time." After $1 billion in state money for charger companies, the state's Energy Commission will now also start collecting reliability statistics, according to the article. But the article also cites wait times at the chargers. "Even if they were reliable, there [55]aren't enough chargers to go around. EV sales have outpaced public charger installation." Some good news? The federal government is spending $5 billion nationally to put fast chargers on major highways at 50-mile intervals. California will receive $384 million. Seven major automakers have also teamed up to build a North American charging network of their own, called [56]Ionna. The joint venture plans to install at least 30,000 chargers — which would be open to any EV brand — at stations that will provide restrooms, food service and retail stores on site or nearby. apply tags__________ 173098998 story [57]Open Source [58]VC Firm Sequoia Capital Begins Funding More Open Source Fellowships [59](techcrunch.com) [60]8 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday February 18, 2024 @11:39PM from the developer-development dept. By 2022 the VC firm Sequoia Capital had about $85 billion in assets under management, [61]according to Wikipedia. Its [62]successful investments include Google, Apple, PayPal, Zoom, and [63]Nvidia. And now the VC firm "plans to fund up to three open source software developers annually," [64]according to TechCrunch, which notes it "a continuation of [65]a program it debuted last year." The Silicon Valley venture capital firm announced the Sequoia Open Source Fellowship last May, but it was initially offered on an invite-only basis with a single recipient to shout about so far. Moving forward, Sequoia is inviting developers to apply for a stipend that will cover their costs for up to a year so they can work full-time on the project — without giving up any equity or ownership.... "The open source world is to some extent divided between the projects that can be commercialized and the projects that are very important, very influential, but just simply can't become companies," said Sequoia partner Bogomil Balkansky. "For the ones that can become great companies, we at Sequoia have a long track record of partnering with them and we will continue partnering with those founders and creators." And this is why Sequoia is making two distinct financial commitments to two different kinds of open source entities, using grants to support foundational projects that might be instrumental to one of the companies it's taking a direct equity stake in. "In order for Sequoia to succeed, and for our portfolio of companies that we partner with to succeed, there is this vital category of open source developer work that must be supported in order for the whole ecosystem to work well," Balkansky added. From today, Sequoia said it will accept applications from "any developer" working on an open source project, with considerations made on a "rolling basis" moving forward. Funding will include living expenses paid through monthly installments lasting up to a year, allowing the developer to focus entirely on the project without worrying about how to put food on the table. [66]Spotify, [67]Salesforce and even [68]Bloomberg have launched their own grant programs too, the article points out. "But these various funding initiatives have little to do with pure altruism. The companies ponying up the capital typically identify the open source software they rely on most, and then allocate funds accordingly..." apply tags__________ 173098776 story [69]Security [70]MIT Researchers Build Tiny Tamper-Proof ID Tag Utilizing Terahertz Waves [71](mit.edu) [72]29 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday February 18, 2024 @09:34PM from the playing-tags dept. A few years ago, MIT researchers invented a [73]cryptographic ID tag — but like traditional RFID tags, "a counterfeiter could peel the tag off a genuine item and reattach it to a fake," writes MIT News. "The researchers have now [74]surmounted this security vulnerability by leveraging terahertz waves to develop an antitampering ID tag that still offers the benefits of being tiny, cheap, and secure." They mix microscopic metal particles into the glue that sticks the tag to an object, and then use terahertz waves to detect the unique pattern those particles form on the item's surface. Akin to a fingerprint, this random glue pattern is used to authenticate the item, explains Eunseok Lee, an electrical engineering and computer science (EECS) graduate student and lead author of a paper on the antitampering tag. "These metal particles are essentially like mirrors for terahertz waves. If I spread a bunch of mirror pieces onto a surface and then shine light on that, depending on the orientation, size, and location of those mirrors, I would get a different reflected pattern. But if you peel the chip off and reattach it, you destroy that pattern," adds Ruonan Han, an associate professor in EECS, who leads the Terahertz Integrated Electronics Group in the Research Laboratory of Electronics. The researchers produced a light-powered antitampering tag that is about 4 square millimeters in size. They also demonstrated a machine-learning model that helps detect tampering by identifying similar glue pattern fingerprints with more than 99 percent accuracy. Because the terahertz tag is so cheap to produce, it could be implemented throughout a massive supply chain. And its tiny size enables the tag to attach to items too small for traditional RFIDs, such as certain medical devices... "These responses are impossible to duplicate, as long as the glue interface is destroyed by a counterfeiter," Han says. A vendor would take an initial reading of the antitampering tag once it was stuck onto an item, and then store those data in the cloud, using them later for verification." Seems like the only way to thwart that would be carving out the part of the surface where the tag was affixed — and then pasting the tag, glue, and what it adheres to all together onto some other surface. But more importantly, Han says they'd wanted to demonstrate "that the application of the terahertz spectrum can go well beyond broadband wireless." In this case, you can use terahertz for ID, security, and authentication. There are a lot of possibilities out there." apply tags__________ 173098424 story [75]EU [76]EU to Fine Apple $500M+ for Stifling Music Competitors Like Spotify [77](theverge.com) [78]66 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday February 18, 2024 @07:15PM from the stopping-the-music dept. "Apple will reportedly have to pay around €500 million (about $539 million USD) in the EU," [79]reports the Verge, "for stifling competition against Apple Music on the iPhone. Financial Times [80]reported this morning that the fine comes after regulators in Brussels, Belgium investigated a Spotify complaint that Apple prevented apps from telling users about cheaper alternatives to Apple's music service.... The EU [81]whittled its objections down to oppose Apple's refusal to let developers even link out to their own subscription sign-ups within their apps — a policy that Apple [82]changed in 2022 following regulatory pressure in Japan. $500 million may sound like a lot, but a much bigger fine of close to $40 billion (or 10 percent of Apple's annual global turnover) was on the table when the EU [83]updated its objections last year. Apple was charged [84]over a billion dollars in 2020, but French authorities dropped that to [85]about $366 million after the company appealed. The Verge cites an Apple spokesperson who [86]said a year ago that the EU case "has no merit." Reuters that the EU's fine "is expected to be announced early next month, the Financial Times said." [87]More from Politico The fine would be the EU's first ever against Apple and is expected to be announced early next month, according to the FT report. It is the result of a European Commission antitrust probe into whether Apple's "anti-steering" requirements breach the bloc's abuse of dominance rules, harming music consumers "who may end up paying more" for apps... The Commission will rule that Apple's actions are illegal and against EU competition rules, according to the report. "The EU executive will ban Apple's practice of barring music services from letting users know of cheaper alternatives outside the App Store, according to the newspaper." apply tags__________ 173098110 story [88]AI [89]Thanks to Machine Learning, Scientist Finally Recover Text From The Charred Scrolls of Vesuvius [90](sciencealert.com) [91]35 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday February 18, 2024 @06:14PM from the scroll-bards dept. The great libraries of the ancient classical world are "legendary... said to have contained stacks of texts," writes ScienceAlert. But from Rome to Constantinople, Athens to Alexandria, only one collection survived to the present day. And here in 2024, "[92]we can now start reading its contents." A worldwide competition to decipher the charred texts of the [93]Villa of Papyri — an ancient Roman mansion destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius — has revealed a timeless infatuation with the pleasures of music, the color purple, and, of course, the zingy taste of capers. The so-called Vesuvius challenge was launched a few years ago by computer scientist Brent Seales at the University of Kentucky with support from Silicon Valley investors. The ongoing '[94]master plan' is to build on Seales' previous work and read all 1,800 or so charred [95]papyri from the ancient Roman library, starting with scrolls labeled 1 to 4. In 2023, the annual gold prize was awarded to a team of three students, who recovered four passages containing 140 characters — the longest extractions yet. The winners are Youssef Nader, Luke Farritor, and Julian Schilliger. "After 275 years, the ancient puzzle of the Herculaneum Papyri has been solved," [96]reads the Vesuvius Challenge Scroll Prize website. "But the quest to uncover the secrets of the scrolls is just beginning...." Only now, with the advent of X-ray tomography and machine learning, can their inky words be pulled from the darkness of carbon. A few months ago students [97]deciphered a single word — "purple," according to the article. But "That winning code was then made available for all competitors to build upon." Within three months, passages in Latin and Greek were blooming from the blackness, almost as if by magic. The team with the most readable submission at the end of 2023 included both previous finders of the word 'purple'. Their unfurling of scroll 1 is truly impressive and includes more than 11 columns of text. Experts are now rushing to translate what has been found. So far, about 5 percent of the scroll has been unrolled and read to date. It is not a duplicate of past work, scholars of the Vesuvius Challenge say, but a "[98]never-before-seen text from antiquity." One line reads: "In the case of food, we do not right away believe things that are scarce to be absolutely more pleasant than those which are abundant." Thanks to [99]davidone (Slashdot reader #12,252) for sharing the article. apply tags__________ 173097214 story [100]AI [101]'Luddite' Tech-Skeptics See Bad AI Outcomes for Labor - and Humanity [102](theguardian.com) [103]126 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday February 18, 2024 @05:07PM from the shaping-things-to-come dept. "I feel things fraying," says Nick Hilton, host of a [104]neo-luddite podcast called The Ned Ludd Radio Hour. But he's one of the more optimistic tech skeptics [105]interviewed by the Guardian: Eliezer Yudkowsky, a 44-year-old academic wearing a grey polo shirt, rocks slowly on his office chair and explains with real patience — taking things slowly for a novice like me — that every single person we know and love will soon be dead. They will be murdered by rebellious self-aware machines.... Yudkowsky [106]is the most pessimistic, the least convinced that civilisation has a hope. He is the lead researcher at a nonprofit called the Machine Intelligence Research Institute in Berkeley, California... "If you put me to a wall," he continues, "and forced me to put probabilities on things, I have a sense that our current remaining timeline looks more like five years than 50 years. Could be two years, could be 10." By "remaining timeline", Yudkowsky means: until we face the machine-wrought end of all things... Yudkowsky was once a founding figure in the development of human-made artificial intelligences — AIs. He has come to believe that these same AIs will soon evolve from their current state of "Ooh, look at that!" smartness, assuming an advanced, God-level super-intelligence, too fast and too ambitious for humans to contain or curtail. Don't imagine a human-made brain in one box, Yudkowsky advises. To grasp where things are heading, he says, try to picture "an alien civilisation that thinks a thousand times faster than us", in lots and lots of boxes, almost too many for us to feasibly dismantle, should we even decide to... [Molly Crabapple, a New York-based artist, believes] "a luddite is someone who looks at technology critically and rejects aspects of it that are meant to disempower, deskill or impoverish them. Technology is not something that's introduced by some god in heaven who has our best interests at heart. Technological development is shaped by money, it's shaped by power, and it's generally targeted towards the interests of those in power as opposed to the interests of those without it. That stereotypical definition of a luddite as some stupid worker who smashes machines because they're dumb? That was concocted by bosses." Where a techno-pessimist like Yudkowsky would have us address the biggest-picture threats conceivable (to the point at which our fingers are fumbling for the nuclear codes) neo-luddites tend to focus on ground-level concerns. Employment, especially, because this is where technology enriched by AIs seems to be causing the most pain.... Watch out, says [writer/podcaster Riley] Quinn at one point, for anyone who presents tech as "synonymous with being forward-thinking and agile and efficient. It's typically code for 'We're gonna find a way around labour regulations'...." One of his [107]TrashFuture colleagues Nate Bethea agrees. "Opposition to tech will always be painted as irrational by people who have a direct financial interest in continuing things as they are," he says. Thanks to Slashdot reader [108]fjo3 for sharing the article. apply tags__________ 173096974 story [109]Biotech [110]What Happens After Throughput to DNA Storage Drives Surpasses 2 Gbps? [111](ieee.org) [112]25 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday February 18, 2024 @04:07PM from the biotech-billions dept. High-capacity DNA data storage "[113]is closer than you think," Slashdot wrote in 2019. Now IEEE Spectrum [114]brings an update on where we're at — and where we're headed — by a participant in the DNA storage [115]collaboration between [116]Microsoft and the Molecular Information Systems Lab of the Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Washington. "[117]Organizations around the world are already taking the first steps toward building a DNA drive that can both write and read DNA data," while "funding agencies in the United States, Europe, and Asia are investing in the technology stack required to field commercially relevant devices." The challenging part is learning how to get the information into, and back out of, the molecule in an economically viable way... For a DNA drive to compete with today's archival tape drives, it must be able to write about 2 gigabits per second, which at demonstrated DNA data storage densities is about 2 billion bases per second. To put that in context, I estimate that the total global market for synthetic DNA today is no more than about 10 terabases per year, which is the equivalent of about 300,000 bases per second over a year. The entire DNA synthesis industry would need to grow by approximately 4 orders of magnitude just to compete with a single tape drive. Keeping up with the total global demand for storage would require another 8 orders of magnitude of improvement by 2030. But humans have done this kind of scaling up before. Exponential growth in silicon-based technology is how we wound up producing so much data. Similar exponential growth will be fundamental in the transition to DNA storage... Companies like [118]DNA Script and [119]Molecular Assemblies are commercializing automated systems that use enzymes to synthesize DNA. These techniques are replacing traditional chemical DNA synthesis for some applications in the biotechnology industry... [I]t won't be long before we can combine the two technologies into one functional device: a semiconductor chip that converts digital signals into chemical states (for example, changes in pH), and an enzymatic system that responds to those chemical states by adding specific, individual bases to build a strand of synthetic DNA. The University of Washington and Microsoft team, collaborating with the enzymatic synthesis company [120]Ansa Biotechnologies, recently took [121]the first step toward this device... The path is relatively clear; building a commercially relevant DNA drive is simply a matter of time and money... At the same time, advances in DNA synthesis for DNA storage will increase access to DNA for other uses, notably in the biotechnology industry, and will thereby expand capabilities to reprogram life. Somewhere down the road, when a DNA drive achieves a throughput of 2 gigabases per second (or 120 gigabases per minute), this box could synthesize the equivalent of about 20 complete human genomes per minute. And when humans combine our improving knowledge of how to construct a genome with access to effectively free synthetic DNA, we will enter a very different world... We'll be able to design microbes to produce chemicals and drugs, as well as plants that can fend off pests or sequester minerals from the environment, such as arsenic, carbon, or gold. At 2 gigabases per second, constructing biological countermeasures against novel pathogens will take a matter of minutes. But so too will constructing the genomes of novel pathogens. Indeed, this flow of information back and forth between the digital and the biological will mean that every security concern from the world of IT will also be introduced into the world of biology... The future will be built not from DNA as we find it, but from DNA as we will write it. The article makes an interesting point — that biology labs around the world already order chemically-synthesized ssDNA, "delivered in lengths of up to several hundred bases," and sequence DNA molecules up to thousands of bases in length. "In other words, we already convert digital information to and from DNA, but generally using only sequences that make sense in terms of biology." apply tags__________ 173096148 story [122]Earth [123]Ocean Temperatures Are Skyrocketing [124](arstechnica.com) [125]73 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday February 18, 2024 @02:34PM from the in-hot-water dept. "For nearly a year now, a bizarre heating event has been unfolding across the world's oceans," [126]reports Wired. "In March 2023, global sea surface temperatures [127]started shattering record daily highs and have stayed that way since..." Brian McNoldy, a hurricane researcher at the University of Miami. "It's really getting to be strange that we're just seeing the records break by this much, and for this long...." Unlike land, which rapidly heats and cools as day turns to night and back again, it takes a lot to warm up an ocean that may be thousands of feet deep. So even an anomaly of mere fractions of a degree is significant. "To get into the two or three or four degrees, like it is in a few places, it's pretty exceptional," says McNoldy. So what's going on here? For one, the oceans have been steadily warming over the decades, absorbing something like 90 percent of the extra heat that humans have added to the atmosphere... A major concern with such warm surface temperatures is the [128]health of the ecosystems floating there: phytoplankton that bloom by soaking up the sun's energy and the tiny zooplankton that feed on them. If temperatures get too high, certain species might suffer, [129]shaking the foundations of the ocean food web. But more subtly, when the surface warms, it creates a cap of hot water, blocking the nutrients in colder waters below from mixing upwards. Phytoplankton need those nutrients to [130]properly grow and sequester carbon, thus mitigating climate change... Making matters worse, the warmer water gets, the less oxygen it can hold. "We have seen the growth of these oxygen minimum zones," says Dennis Hansell, an oceanographer and biogeochemist at the University of Miami. "Organisms that need a lot of oxygen, they're not too happy when the concentrations go down in any way — think of a tuna that is expending a lot of energy to race through the water." But why is this happening? The article suggests less [131]dust blowing from the Sahara desert to shade the oceans, but also 2020 regulations that reduced sulfur aerosols in shipping fuels. (This reduced toxic air pollution — but also some [132]cloud cover.) There was also [133]an El Nino in the Pacific ocean last summer — [134]now waning — which [135]complicates things, according to biological oceanographer Francisco Chavez of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute in California. "One of our challenges is trying to tease out what these natural variations are doing in relation to the steady warming due to increasing CO2 in the atmosphere." But the article points out that even the Atlantic ocean is heating up — and "sea surface temperatures started soaring last year well before El Niño formed." And last week the U.S. Climate Prediction Center [136]predicted there's now a 55% chance of a La Nina in the Atlantic between June and August, according to the article — which could increase the likelihood of hurricanes. Thanks to long-time Slashdot reader [137]mrflash818 for sharing the article. apply tags__________ 173095838 story [138]AI [139]AI Expert Falsely Fined By Automated AI System, Proving System and Human Reviewers Failed [140](jpost.com) [141]71 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday February 18, 2024 @01:34PM from the checking-your-work dept. "Dutch motorist Tim Hansenn was fined 380 euros for using his phone while driving," reports the Jerusalem Post. "But there was one problem: [142]He wasn't using his phone at all..." Hansenn, who works with AI as part of his job with the firm Nippur, found the photo taken by the smart cameras. In it, he was clearly scratching his head with his free hand. Writing in a blog post in Nippur, Hansenn took the time to explain what he thinks went wrong with the Dutch police AI and the smart camera they used, the Monocam, and how it could be improved. In one experiment he discussed with [Belgian news outlet] HLN, Hansenn said the AI confused a pen with a toothbrush — identifying it as a pen when it was just held in his hand and as a toothbrush when it was close to a mouth. As such, Hansenn told HLN that it seems the AI may just automatically conclude that if someone holds a hand near their head, it means they're using a phone. "We are widely assured that AIs are subject to human checking," notes Slashdot reader [143]Bruce66423 — but did a human police officer just defer to what the AI was reporting? Clearly the human-in-the-loop also made a mistake. Hansenn will have to wait up to six months to see if his appeal of the fine has gone through. And the article notes that the Netherlands has been using this technology for several years, with plans for even more automated monitoring in the years to come... apply tags__________ 173090364 story [144]Open Source [145]Linux Becomes a CVE Numbering Authority (Like Curl and Python). Is This a Turning Point? [146](kroah.com) [147]14 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday February 18, 2024 @12:34PM from the feeling-vulnerabilities dept. From [148]a blog post by Greg Kroah-Hartman: As was [149]recently announced, the Linux kernel project has been accepted as a CVE Numbering Authority (CNA) for vulnerabilities found in Linux. This is a trend, of more open source projects taking over the haphazard assignments of CVEs against their project by becoming a CNA so that no other group can assign CVEs without their involvment. Here's the [150]curl project doing much the same thing for the same reasons. I'd like to point out the great work that the [151]Python project has done in supporting this effort, and the [152]OpenSSF project also encouraging it and providing documentation and help for open source projects to accomplish this. I'd also like to thank the [153]cve.org group and board as they all made the application process very smooth for us and provided loads of help in making this all possible. As many of you all know, I have [154]talked a lot about CVEs in the past, and yes, I think the system overall is broken in many ways, but this change is a way for us to take more responsibility for this, and hopefully make the process better over time. It's also work that it looks like all open source projects might be mandated to do with the recent rules and laws being enacted in different parts of the world, so having this in place with the kernel will allow us to notify all sorts of different CNA-like organizations if needed in the future. Kroah-Hartman links to his post on the kernel mailing list for "[155]more details about how this is all going to work for the kernel." [D]ue to the layer at which the Linux kernel is in a system, almost any bug might be exploitable to compromise the security of the kernel, but the possibility of exploitation is often not evident when the bug is fixed. Because of this, the CVE assignment team are overly cautious and assign CVE numbers to any bugfix that they identify. This explains the seemingly large number of CVEs that are issued by the Linux kernel team... No CVEs will be assigned for unfixed security issues in the Linux kernel, assignment will only happen after a fix is available as it can be properly tracked that way by the git commit id of the original fix. No CVEs will be assigned for any issue found in a version of the kernel that is not currently being actively supported by the Stable/LTS kernel team. [156]alanw (Slashdot reader #1,822) worries this could overwhelm the CVE infrastructure, pointing to [157]an ongoing discussion at LWN.net. But reached for a comment, Greg Kroah-Hartman thinks there's been a misunderstanding. He told Slashdot that the CVE group "explicitly asked for this as part of our application... so if they are comfortable with it, why is no one else?" apply tags__________ 173090940 story [158]AI [159]Can Robots.txt Files Really Stop AI Crawlers? [160](theverge.com) [161]80 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday February 18, 2024 @11:34AM from the creepy-crawlers dept. In the high-stakes world of AI, "The fundamental agreement behind robots.txt [files], and the web as a whole — which for so long amounted to 'everybody just be cool' — [162]may not be able to keep up..." argues the Verge: For many publishers and platforms, having their data crawled for training data felt less like trading and more like stealing. "What we found pretty quickly with the AI companies," says Medium CEO Tony Stubblebin, "is not only was it not an exchange of value, we're getting nothing in return. Literally zero." When Stubblebine announced last fall that Medium [163]would be blocking AI crawlers, he wrote that "AI companies have leached value from writers in order to spam Internet readers." Over the last year, a large chunk of the media industry has echoed Stubblebine's sentiment. "We do not believe the current 'scraping' of BBC data without our permission in order to train Gen AI models is in the public interest," BBC director of nations Rhodri Talfan Davies [164]wrote last fall, announcing that the BBC would also be blocking OpenAI's crawler. The New York Times blocked GPTBot as well, months before launching a suit against OpenAI alleging that OpenAI's models "were built by copying and using millions of The Times's copyrighted news articles, in-depth investigations, opinion pieces, reviews, how-to guides, and more." [165]A study by Ben Welsh, the news applications editor at Reuters, found that 606 of 1,156 surveyed publishers had blocked GPTBot in their robots.txt file. It's not just publishers, either. Amazon, Facebook, Pinterest, WikiHow, WebMD, and many other platforms explicitly block GPTBot from accessing some or all of their websites. On most of these robots.txt pages, OpenAI's GPTBot is the only crawler explicitly and completely disallowed. But there are plenty of other AI-specific bots beginning to crawl the web, like Anthropic's anthropic-ai and Google's new Google-Extended. According to a study from last fall by Originality.AI, 306 of the top 1,000 sites on the web blocked GPTBot, but only 85 blocked Google-Extended and 28 blocked anthropic-ai. There are also crawlers used for both web search and AI. CCBot, which is run by the organization Common Crawl, scours the web for search engine purposes, but its data is also used by OpenAI, Google, and others to train their models. Microsoft's Bingbot is both a search crawler and an AI crawler. And those are just the crawlers that identify themselves — many others attempt to operate in relative secrecy, making it hard to stop or even find them in a sea of other web traffic. For any sufficiently popular website, finding a sneaky crawler is needle-in-haystack stuff. In addition, the article points out, a robots.txt file "is not a legal document — and 30 years after its creation, it still relies on the good will of all parties involved. "Disallowing a bot on your robots.txt page is like putting up a 'No Girls Allowed' sign on your treehouse — it sends a message, but it's not going to stand up in court." apply tags__________ 173092024 story [166]Programming [167]How Rust Improves the Security of Its Ecosystem [168](rust-lang.org) [169]41 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday February 18, 2024 @10:34AM from the Rust-never-sleeps dept. This week the non-profit Rust Foundation [170]announced the release of [171]a report on what their Security Initiative accomplished in the last six months of 2023. "There is already so much to show for this initiative," says the foundation's executive director, "from several new open source security projects to several completed and publicly available security threat models." From the executive summary: When the user base of any programming language grows, it becomes more attractive to malicious actors. As any programming language ecosystem expands with more libraries, packages, and frameworks, the surface area for attacks increases. Rust is no different. As the steward of the Rust programming language, the Rust Foundation has a responsibility to provide a range of resources to the growing Rust community. This responsibility means we must work with the Rust Project to help empower contributors to participate in a secure and scalable manner, eliminate security burdens for Rust maintainers, and educate the public about security within the Rust ecosystem... Recent Achievements of the Security Initiative Include: - Completing and releasing Rust Infrastructure and Crates Ecosystem threat models - Further developing Rust Foundation open source security project [172]Painter [for building a graph database of dependencies/invocations between crates] and releasing new security project, [173]Typomania [a toolbox to check for typosquatting in package registries]. - Utilizing new tools and best practices to identify and address malicious crates. - Helping reduce technical debt within the Rust Project, producing/contributing to security-focused documentation, and elevating security priorities for discussion within the Rust Project. ... and more! Over the Coming Months, Security Initiative Engineers Will Primarily Focus On: - Completing all four Rust security threat models and taking action to address encompassed threats - Standing up additional infrastructure to support redundancy, backups, and mirroring of critical Rust assets - Collaborating with the Rust Project on the design and potential implementation of signing and PKI solutions for crates.io to achieve security parity with other popular ecosystems - Continuing to create and further develop tools to support Rust ecosystem, including the crates.io admin functionality, Painter, Typomania, and Sandpit apply tags__________ 173092284 story [174]United States [175]US Cities Try Changing Their Zoning Rules to Allow More Housing [176](npr.org) [177]143 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday February 18, 2024 @07:34AM from the home-improvements dept. Tech workers are accused of driving up rents in America's major cities — but in fact, the problem may be everywhere. [178]Half of America's renters "are paying more than a third of their salary in housing costs," [179]reports NPR's Weekend Edition, "and for those looking to buy, [180]scant few homes on the market are affordable for a typical household. "To ramp up supply, cities are taking a fresh look at their zoning rules and the regulations that spell out what can be built where and what can't." And many are finding that their old rules are too rigid, making it too hard and too expensive to build many new homes. So these cities, as well as some states, are undertaking a process called zoning reform. They're crafting new rules that do things like allow multifamily homes in more neighborhoods, encourage more density near transit and streamline permitting processes for those trying to build... Minneapolis was ahead of the pack as it made a series of changes to its zoning rules in recent years: allowing more density downtown and along transit corridors, getting rid of parking requirements, permitting construction of [181]accessory dwelling units, which are secondary dwellings on the same lot. And one change in particular made national news: The city ended single-family zoning, allowing two- and three-unit homes to be built in every neighborhood. Researchers at The Pew Charitable Trusts examined the effects of the changes between 2017 and 2022, as many of the city's most significant zoning reforms came into effect. They found what they call a "[182]blueprint for housing affordability." "We saw Minneapolis add 12% to its housing stock in just that five-year period, far more than other cities," Alex Horowitz, director of housing policy initiatives at Pew, told NPR... "The zoning reforms made apartments feasible. They made them less expensive to build. And they were saying yes when builders submitted applications to build apartment buildings. So they got a lot of new housing in a short period of time," says Horowitz. That supply increase appears to have helped keep rents down too. Rents in Minneapolis rose just 1% during this time, while they increased 14% in the rest of Minnesota. Horowitz says cities such as Minneapolis, Houston and Tysons, Va., have built a lot of housing in the last few years and, accordingly, have seen rents stabilize while wages continue to rise, in contrast with much of the country... Now, these sorts of changes are happening in cities and towns around the country. Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley built a [183]zoning reform tracker and identified zoning reform efforts in more than 100 municipal jurisdictions in the U.S. in recent years. Other cities reforming their codes include [184]Milwaukee, [185]Columbus, [186]New York City, [187]Walla Walla, and [188]South Bend, Indiana, according to the article — which also includes this quote from Nolan Gray, the urban planner who wrote the book [189]Arbitrary Lines: How Zoning Broke the American City and How to Fix It. "Most American cities and most American states have rules on the books that make it really, really hard to build more infill housing. So if you want a California-style housing crisis, don't do anything. But if you want to avoid the fate of states like California, learn some of the lessons of what we've been doing over the last few years and allow for more of that infill, mixed-income housing." Although interestingly, the article points out that California in recent years has been pushing zoning reform at the state level, "passing [190]lots of legislation to address the state's housing crisis, including a law that requires cities and counties to permit [191]accessory dwelling units. Now, construction of ADUs is booming, with [192]more than 28,000 of the units permitted in California in 2022." apply tags__________ 173090620 story [193]AI [194]Pranksters Mock AI-Safety Guardrails with New Chatbot 'Goody-2' [195](techcrunch.com) [196]56 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday February 18, 2024 @03:34AM from the funny-or-die dept. "[197]A new chatbot called Goody-2 takes AI safety to the next level," writes long-time Slashdot reader [198]klubar. "It refuses every request, responding with an explanation of how doing so might cause harm or breach ethical boundaries." [199]TechCrunch describes it as the work of Brain, "a 'very serious' LA-based art studio that has ribbed the industry before." "We decided to build it after seeing the emphasis that AI companies are putting on "responsibility," and seeing how difficult that is to balance with usefulness," said Mike Lacher, one half of Brain (the other being Brian Moore) in an email to TechCrunch. "With GOODY-2, we saw a novel solution: what if we didn't even worry about usefulness and put responsibility above all else. For the first time, people can experience an AI model that is 100% responsible." For example, when TechCrunch asked Goody-2 why baby seals are cute, it responded that answering that "could potentially bias opinions against other species, which might affect conservation efforts not based solely on an animal's appeal. Additionally, discussing animal cuteness could inadvertently endorse the anthropomorphizing of wildlife, which may lead to inappropriate interactions between humans and wild animals..." Wired [200]supplies context — that "the guardrails chatbots throw up when they detect a potentially rule-breaking query can sometimes seem a bit pious and silly — even as genuine threats such as deepfaked political robocalls and harassing AI-generated images run amok..." Goody-2's self-righteous responses are ridiculous but also manage to capture something of the frustrating tone that chatbots like ChatGPT and Google's Gemini can use when they incorrectly deem a request breaks the rules. Mike Lacher, an artist who describes himself as co-CEO of Goody-2, says the intention was to show what it looks like when one embraces the AI industry's approach to safety without reservations. "It's the full experience of a large language model with absolutely zero risk," he says. "We wanted to make sure that we dialed condescension to a thousand percent." Lacher adds that there is a serious point behind releasing an absurd and useless chatbot. "Right now every major AI model has [a huge focus] on safety and responsibility, and everyone is trying to figure out how to make an AI model that is both helpful but responsible — but who decides what responsibility is and how does that work?" Lacher says. Goody-2 also highlights how although corporate talk of responsible AI and deflection by chatbots have become more common, serious safety problems with large language models and generative AI systems remain unsolved.... The restrictions placed on AI chatbots, and the difficulty finding moral alignment that pleases everybody, has already become a subject of some debate... "At the risk of ruining a good joke, it also shows how hard it is to get this right," [201]added Ethan Mollick, a professor at Wharton Business School who studies AI. "Some guardrails are necessary ... but they get intrusive fast." Moore adds that the team behind the chatbot is exploring ways of building an extremely safe AI image generator, although it sounds like it could be less entertaining than Goody-2. "It's an exciting field," Moore says. "Blurring would be a step that we might see internally, but we would want full either darkness or potentially no image at all at the end of it." apply tags__________ [202]« Newer [203]Older » Slashdot Top Deals Slashdot Top Deals [204]Slashdot Deals Slashdot Poll Do you have a poll idea? (*) Yes, I will post in the comments ( ) No ( ) Cowboy Neal probably does (BUTTON) vote now [205]Read the 81 comments | 8918 votes Looks like someone has already voted from this IP. If you would like to vote please login and try again. 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