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[32]Close binspamdupenotthebestofftopicslownewsdaystalestupid freshfunnyinsightfulinterestingmaybe offtopicflamebaittrollredundantoverrated insightfulinterestinginformativefunnyunderrated descriptive typodupeerror [33]Sign up for the Slashdot newsletter! OR [34]check out the new Slashdot job board to browse remote jobs or jobs in your area Do you develop on GitHub? You can keep using GitHub but automatically [35]sync your GitHub releases to SourceForge quickly and easily with [36]this tool so your projects have a backup location, and get your project in front of SourceForge's nearly 30 million monthly users. It takes less than a minute. Get new users downloading your project releases today! [37]× 172215701 story [38]AI [39]Former President Obama Warns 'Disruptive' AI May Require Rethinking Jobs and the Economy [40](theverge.com) [41]2 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday November 12, 2023 @07:24AM from the yes-we-rethink dept. This week the Verge's podcast Decoder [42]interviewed former U.S. president Barack Obama for a discussion on "AI, free speech, and the future of the internet." Obama warns that future copyright questions are just part of a larger issue. "If AI turns out to be as pervasive and as powerful as it's proponents expect — and I have to say the more I look into it, I think it is going to be that disruptive — we are going to have to think about not just intellectual property; we are going to have to think about jobs and the economy differently." Specific issues may include the length of the work week and the fact that health insurance coverage is currently tied to employment — but it goes far beyond that: The broader question is going to be what happens when 10% of existing jobs now definitively can be done by some large language model or other variant of AI? And are we going to have to reexamine how we educate our kids and what jobs are going to be available...? The truth of the matter is that during my presidency, there was I think a little bit of naivete, where people would say, you know, "The answer to lifting people out of poverty and making sure they have high enough wages is we're going to retrain them and we're going to educate them, and they should all become coders, because that's the future." Well, if AI's coding better than all but the very best coders? If ChatGPT can generate a research memo better than the third-, fourth-year associate — maybe not the partner, who's got a particular expertise or judgment? — now what are you telling young people coming up? While Obama believes in the transformative potential of AI, "we have to be maybe a little more intentional about how our democracies interact with what is primarily being generated out of the private sector. What rules of the road are we setting up, and how can we make sure that we maximize the good and maybe minimize some of the bad?" AI's impact will be a global problem, Obama believes, which may require "cross-border frameworks and standards and norms". (He expressed a hope that governments can educate the public on the idea that AI is "a tool, not a buddy".) During the 44-minute interview Obama predicted AI will ultimately force a "much more robust" public conversation about rules needed for social media — and that at least some of that pressure could come from how consumers interact with companies. (Obama also argues there will still be a market for products that don't just show you what you want to see.) "One of Obama's worries is that the government needs insight and expertise to properly regulate AI," writes the Verge's editor-in-chief in an article about the interview, "and you'll hear him [43]make a pitch for why people with that expertise should take a tour of duty in the government to make sure we get these things right." You'll hear me get excited about a case called [44]Red Lion Broadcasting v. FCC, a 1969 Supreme Court decision that said the government could impose something called the Fairness Doctrine on radio and television broadcasters because the public owns the airwaves and can thus impose requirements on how they're used. There's no similar framework for cable TV or the internet, which don't use public airwaves, and that makes them much harder, if not impossible, to regulate. Obama says he disagrees with the idea that social networks are something called "common carriers" that have to distribute all information equally. Obama also applauded last month's newly-issued [45]Executive Order from the White House, a hundred-page document which Obama calls important as "the beginning of building out a framework." We don't know all the problems that are going to arise out of this. We don't know all the promising potential of AI, but we're starting to put together the foundations for what we hope will be a smart framework for dealing with it... In talking to the companies themselves, they will acknowledge that their safety protocols and their testing regimens may not be where they need to be yet. I think it's entirely appropriate for us to plant a flag and say, "All right, frontier companies, you need to disclose what your safety protocols are to make sure that we don't have rogue programs going off and hacking into our financial system," for example. Tell us what tests you're using. Make sure that we have some independent verification that right now this stuff is working. But that framework can't be a fixed framework. These models are developing so quickly that oversight and any regulatory framework is going to have to be flexible, and it's going to have to be nimble. apply tags__________ 172220499 story [46]Privacy [47]It's Still Too Easy for Anyone to 'Become You' at Experian [48](krebsonsecurity.com) [49]5 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday November 12, 2023 @03:34AM from the identity-thieves dept. An anonymous reader shared [50]this report from security research Brian Krebs: In the summer of 2022, KrebsOnSecurity [51]documented the plight of several readers who had their accounts at big-three consumer credit reporting bureau Experian hijacked after identity thieves simply re-registered the accounts using a different email address. Sixteen months later, Experian clearly has not addressed this gaping lack of security. I know that because my account at Experian was recently hacked, and the only way I could recover access was by recreating the account... The homepage said I needed to provide a Social Security number and mobile phone number, and that I'd soon receive a link that I should click to verify myself. The site claims that the phone number you provide will be used to help validate your identity. But it appears you could supply any phone number in the United States at this stage in the process, and Experian's website would not balk. One user said they recreated their account this week — even though the phone number they'd input was a random number. "The only difference: it asked me FIVE questions about my personal history (last time it only asked three) before proclaiming, 'Welcome back, Pete!,' and granting full access," [52]@PeteMayo wrote. "I feel silly saving my password for Experian; may as well just make a new account every time." And Krebs points out that "Regardless, users can simply skip this step by selecting the option to 'Continue another way.'" Experian then asks for your full name, address, date of birth, Social Security number, email address and chosen password. After that, they require you to successfully answer between three to five multiple-choice security questions whose answers are very often based on public records. When I recreated my account this week, only two of the five questions pertained to my real information, and both of those questions concerned street addresses we've previously lived at — information that is just a Google search away... Experian will send a message to the old email address tied to the account, saying certain aspects of the user profile have changed. But this message isn't a request seeking verification: It's just a notification from Experian that the account's user data has changed, and the original user is offered zero recourse here other than to a click a link to log in at Experian.com. And of course, a user who receives one of these notices will find that the credentials to their Experian account no longer work. Nor do their PIN or account recovery question, because those have been changed also. Your only option at this point is recreate your account at Experian and steal it back from the ID thieves! Experian's security measures "are constantly evolving," insisted Experian spokesperson Scott Anderson — though Krebs remains unsatisfied. Anderson said all consumers have the option to activate a multi-factor authentication method that's requested each time they log in to their account. But what good is multi-factor authentication if someone can simply recreate your account with a new phone number and email address? apply tags__________ 172222273 story [53]Programming [54]Why Chrome Enabled WebAssembly Garbage Collection (WasmGC) By Default [55](chrome.com) [56]25 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday November 12, 2023 @12:34AM from the double-abbreviations dept. In Chrome, JavaScript (and WebAssembly) code are both executed by Google's open source V8 engine — which already has garbage-collecting capabilities. "This means developers making use of, for example, PHP compiled to Wasm, end up shipping a garbage collector implementation of the ported language (PHP) to the browser that already has a garbage collector," [57]writes Google developer advocate Thomas Steiner, "which is as wasteful as it sounds." "This is where WasmGC comes in." WebAssembly Garbage Collection (or WasmGC) is [58]a proposal of the [59]WebAssembly Community Group [which] adds struct and array heap types, which means support for non-linear memory allocation... In simplified terms, this means that with WasmGC, porting a programming language to WebAssembly means the programming language's garbage collector no longer needs to be part of the port, but instead the existing garbage collector can be used. Sometime on Halloween, Steiner wrote that in Chrome, WebAssembly garbage collection is now enabled by default. But then he explored what this means for high-level programming languages (with their own built-in garbage collection) being compiled into WebAssembly: To verify the real-world impact of this improvement, Chrome's Wasm team has compiled versions of the [60]Fannkuch benchmark (which allocates data structures as it works) from [61]C, [62]Rust, and [63]Java. The C and Rust binaries could be anywhere from 6.1 K to 9.6 K depending on the various compiler flags, while the Java version is much smaller at only 2.3 K! C and Rust do not include a garbage collector, but they do still bundle malloc/free to manage memory, and the reason Java is smaller here is because it doesn't need to bundle any memory management code at all. This is just one specific example, but it shows that WasmGC binaries have the potential of being very small, and this is even before any significant work on optimizing for size. The blog post includes two examples of WasmGC-ported programming languages in action: * "One of the first programming languages that has been ported to Wasm thanks to WasmGC is [64]Kotlin in the form of [65]Kotlin/Wasm." * "The Dart and Flutter teams at Google are also [66]preparing support for WasmGC. The Dart-to-Wasm compilation work is almost complete, and the team is working on tooling support for delivering Flutter web applications compiled to WebAssembly." apply tags__________ 172221559 story [67]AI [68]GitHub Announces Its 'Refounding' on Copilot, Including an AI-Powered 'Copilot Chat' Assistant [69](github.blog) [70]21 Posted by EditorDavid on Saturday November 11, 2023 @09:34PM from the better-Git-ready dept. This week GitHub [71]announced the approaching general availability of the GPT-4-powered GitHub Copilot Chat in December "as part of your existing GitHub Copilot subscription" (and "available at no cost to verified teachers, students, and maintainers of popular open source projects.") And this "code-aware guidance and code generation" will also be integrated directly into github.com, "so developers can dig into code, pull requests, documentation, and general coding questions with Copilot Chat providing suggestions, summaries, analysis, and answers." With GitHub Copilot Chat we're enabling the rise of natural language as the new universal programming language for every developer on the planet. Whether it's finding an error, writing unit tests, or helping debug code, Copilot Chat is your AI companion through it all, allowing you to write and understand code using whatever language you speak... Copilot Chat uses your code as context, and is able to explain complex concepts, suggest code based on your open files and windows, help detect security vulnerabilities, and help with finding and fixing errors in code, terminal, and debugger... With the new inline Copilot Chat, developers can chat about specific lines of code, directly within the flow of their code and editor. InfoWorld notes it will chat in "[72]whatever language a developer speaks." (And that Copilot Chat will also be available in GitHub's mobile app.) But why wait until December? GitHub's [73]blog post says that Copilot Chat "will come to the JetBrains suite of IDEs, available in preview today." GitHub also plans to introduce "slash commands and context variables" for GitHub Copilot, "so fixing or improving code is as simple as entering /fix and generating tests now starts with /tests." "With Copilot in the code editor, in the CLI, and now Copilot Chat on github.com and in our mobile app, we are making Copilot ubiquitous throughout the software development lifecycle and always available in all of GitHub's surface areas..." CNBC adds that "Microsoft-owned GitHub" also plans to introduce "a more expensive Copilot assistant" in February "for developers inside companies that [74]can explain and provide recommendations about internal source code." Wednesday's blog post announcing these updates was written by GitHub's CEO, who seemed to be predicting an evolutionary leap into a new future. "Just as GitHub was founded on Git, today we are re-founded on Copilot." He promised they'd built on their vision of a future "where AI infuses every step of the developer lifecycle." Open source and Git have fundamentally transformed how we build software. It is now evident that AI is ushering in the same sweeping change, and at an exponential pace... We are certain this foundational transformation of the GitHub platform, and categorically new way of software development, is necessary in a world dependent on software. Every day, the world's developers balance an unsustainable demand to both modernize the legacy code of yesterday and build our digital tomorrow. It is our guiding conviction to make it easier for developers to do it all, from the creative spark to the commit, pull request, code review, and deploy — and to do it all with GitHub Copilot deeply integrated into the developer experience. And if you're worried about the security of AI-generated code... Today, GitHub Copilot applies an LLM-based vulnerability prevention system that blocks insecure coding patterns in real-time to make GitHub Copilot's suggestions more secure. Our model targets the most common vulnerable coding patterns, including hardcoded credentials, SQL injections, and path injections. GitHub Copilot Chat can also help identify security vulnerabilities in the IDE, explain the mechanics of a vulnerability with its natural language capabilities, and suggest a specific fix for the highlighted code. But for Enterprise accounts paying for GitHub Advanced Security, there's also an upgrade coming: "new AI-powered application security testing features designed to detect and remediate vulnerabilities and secrets in your code." (It's already available in preview mode.) GitHub even announced plans for a new AI assistant in 2024 that generates a step-by-step plan for responding to GitHub issues. (GitHub describes it as "like a pair programming session with a partner that knows about every inch of the project, and can follow your lead to make repository-wide changes from the issue to the pull request with the power of AI.") CNBC notes that AI-powered coding assistants "are still nascent, though, with less than 10% enterprise adoption, according to Gartner, a technology industry research firm." But last month Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella told analysts GitHub Copilot already had one million paying users... And GitHub's blog post concludes, "And we're just getting started." apply tags__________ 172216015 story [75]Transportation [76]Are Car Dealers Slowing the Adoption of Electric Vehicles? [77](msn.com) [78]157 Posted by EditorDavid on Saturday November 11, 2023 @06:55PM from the road-blocks dept. "Dealers don't want to change the model. They want to be the gatekeepers." That's according to Daniel Crane, a law professor at the University of Michigan who studies the laws and economics of car dealerships. He's quoted in a Washington Post article warning that "[79]Electric vehicles are hitting a road block: Car dealers." Former Chevy salesman Buzz Smith tells the Post that it can take longer to sell electric cars (with multiple visits and questions about their technology and chargers) — in effect reducing what a salesman earns per hour. But more to the point, "he believes the pay structure of auto salespeople isn't a good fit for the EV era." Electric cars have narrower profit margins, he said, which cuts into the commission a dealer can get. And if a customer returns to the dealership multiple times, salespeople may have to split the commission, again cutting into their take-home pay. At the same time, car dealerships make most of their overall profits from providing service for vehicles — not selling new cars. According to an [80]analysis from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, just 16 percent of dealers' gross profits came from new car sales, while 43 percent came from parts, labor and service. (The rest of the profits come from used car sales and financing and incentives...) That could also discourage dealers from selling EVs. Gas cars have 100 times more moving parts than electric vehicles do, and studies show that EVs have lower maintenance costs. An average gas-powered car, for example, needs an oil change about every six months, or every 5,000 to 7,500 miles. But many electric cars don't require a major service until around [81]150,000 miles. "They're all terrified of that loss of maintenance," Smith said. The Post reports one woman's complain that after buying an electric car, her salesperson "offered her a plan for oil changes and an extended warranty for a gas-powered car." But is there something bigger going on? Since the 1950s dozens of states passed laws protecting auto dealerships, and many of those laws prevent manufacturers from selling directly to consumers. The Post notes that now "many automakers have to sell their vehicles through one of the country's more than 16,000 franchised [82]auto dealerships. And those salespeople often don't have extensive training on how to sell an EV or even on the technology itself." Frustrated customers told The Washington Post that dealers tried to redirect their attention toward gas cars, or gave incorrect or unclear answers to questions about charging and day-to-day electric vehicle use... Then there is the maze of [83]federal and state tax incentives that can help drivers afford a new or used EV — but only if the dealer and the consumer can understand how they work. Some dealers, however, don't seem to want to offer electric cars: According to a [84]survey that the Sierra Club conducted at the end of 2022, 66 percent of dealerships did not have an EV available for sale. That was at the height of EV supply chain problems, but 45 percent of those dealers — or 30 percent of all dealers surveyed — said they wouldn't offer an EV even if they could. Amid concern over an EV slowdown, electric cars are sitting longer on dealerships' lots than gas-powered cars. According to data from Cox Automotive, dealerships started the year with a roughly 50 days' supply of gas cars and electric cars. Now the supply of gas cars is around the same, but the supply of EVs has doubled. apply tags__________ 172219613 story [85]AMD [86]Gaining on Intel? AMD Increases CPU Market Share In Desktops, Laptops, and Servers [87](techspot.com) [88]16 Posted by EditorDavid on Saturday November 11, 2023 @05:55PM from the in-the-chips dept. A [89]a report from TechSpot says AMD has recently increased its market share in the CPU sector for desktops, laptops, and servers: According to Mercury Research (via [90]Tom's Hardware), AMD gained 5.8% unit share in desktops, 3.8% in laptops, and 5.8% in servers. In terms of revenue share, Team Red gained 4.1% in desktops, 5.1% in laptops, and 1.7% in servers. The report does not mention competitors by name, but the global PC industry only has one other major CPU supplier, Intel, which has a major stake in all the market segments. While Intel and AMD make x86 processors for PCs, Qualcomm offers Arm-based SoCs for Windows notebooks, but its market share is minuscule by comparison. So, while the report doesn't say anything about the market share of Intel or Qualcomm, it is fair to assume that most of AMD's gains came at Intel's expense. Thanks to Slashdot reader [91]jjslash for sharing the news. apply tags__________ 172219845 story [92]Electronic Frontier Foundation [93]EFF, Cory Doctorow, Others Speak in Commemoration of Aaron Swartz Day [94](aaronswartzday.org) [95]45 Posted by EditorDavid on Saturday November 11, 2023 @04:59PM from the internet's-own-boy dept. [96]From AaronSwartzDay.com: Aaron Swartz Day was founded, in 2013, after the death of Aaron Swartz, with these combined goals: To draw attention to what happened to Aaron, in the hopes of stopping it from happening to anyone else. - This includes clarifying that, although Aaron was a hacker, [97]he didn't hack MIT. To provide a yearly showcase of many of the projects that were started by Aaron before his death. - [98]SecureDrop - [99]Open Library To provide a yearly showcase of new projects that were directly inspired by Aaron and his work. A few Aaron-inspired examples from this year's event include: - [100]The Pursuance Project (by Barrett Brown & Steve Phillips) - [101]Open Archive (by Natalie Cadranel) - Jason Leopold's Freedom of Information Act Request (FOIA) activism ([102]article from 2013) Happening right now is [103]a livestream from 11 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. PST of "intimate virtual talks," including a special presentation by members of Brazil's Aaron Swartz Institute starting in just a few minutes. You can also playback video for talks that happened earlier today. Other speakers include: * Scifi novelist/technology activist Cory Doctorow (11 a.m.) * Signal user support engineer/project manager Riya Abraham (11:30 a.m.) * EFF executive director Cindy Cohn (12) * EFF Certbot director of engineering Alexis Hancock (12:20) * Internet Archive's Brewster Kahle (12:40) * Anaconda CEO Peter Wang (1) * The Freedom of the Press Foundation's Kevin O'Gorman (speaking on SecureDrop at 1:30) apply tags__________ 172216115 story [104]The Internet [105]Is India Setting a 'Global Standard' for Online Censorship of Social Media? [106](msn.com) [107]54 Posted by EditorDavid on Saturday November 11, 2023 @03:55PM from the banned-in-Bharat dept. With 1.4 billion people, India is the second most-populous country in the world. But a new article in the Washington Post alleges that India has "[108]set a global standard for online censorship." For years, a committee of executives from U.S. technology companies and Indian officials convened every two weeks in a government office to negotiate what could — and could not — be said on Twitter, Facebook and YouTube. At the "69A meetings," as the secretive gatherings were informally called, officials from India's information, technology, security and intelligence agencies presented social media posts they wanted removed, citing threats to India's sovereignty and national security, executives and officials who were present recalled. The tech representatives sometimes pushed back in the name of free speech... But two years ago, these interactions took a fateful turn. Where officials had once asked for a handful of tweets to be removed at each meeting, they now insisted that entire accounts be taken down, and numbers were running in the hundreds. Executives who refused the government's demands could now be jailed, their companies expelled from the Indian market. New regulations had been adopted that year to hold tech employees in India criminally liable for failing to comply with takedown requests, a provision that executives referred to as a "hostage provision." After authorities dispatched anti-terrorism police to Twitter's New Delhi office, Twitter whisked its top India executive out of the country, fearing his arrest, former company employees recounted. Indian officials say they have accomplished something long overdue: strengthening national laws to bring disobedient foreign companies to heel... Digital and human rights advocates warn that India has perfected the use of regulations to stifle online dissent and already inspired governments in countries as varied as Nigeria and Myanmar to craft similar legal frameworks, at times with near-identical language. India's success in taming internet companies has set off "regulatory contagion" across the world, according to Prateek Waghre, a policy director at India's Internet Freedom Foundation... Despite the huge size of China's market, companies like Twitter and Facebook were forced to steer clear of the country because Beijing's rules would have required them to spy on users. That left India as the largest potential growth market. Silicon Valley companies were already committed to doing business in India before the government began to tighten its regulations, and today say they have little choice but to obey if they want to remain there. The Post spoke to Rajeev Chandrasekhar, the deputy technology minister in the BJP government who oversees many of the new regulations, who argued "The shift was really simple: We've defined the laws, defined the rules, and we have said there is zero tolerance to any noncompliance with the Indian law... "You don't like the law? Don't operate in India," Chandrasekhar added. "There is very little wiggle room." apply tags__________ 172219187 story [109]AI [110]The AI Protections Hollywood Actors Got After Their 118-Day Strike [111](rollingstone.com) [112]39 Posted by EditorDavid on Saturday November 11, 2023 @02:55PM from the casting-calls dept. The longest actor's strike in Hollywood history ended with "groundbreaking" protections against the use of AI, reports CNN: Studios [113]will have to provide informed consent for the creation of any kind of digital replica of a performer or background actor, with a specific description of the intended use, the union officials said. Compensation for the replica will vary. Notably, the contract also protects background performers from any use of their digital replica without their consent, SAG leadership said. [Even after they are deceased.] Negotiations over using AI to create synthetic performers continued down to the wire. Union leadership said studios will have to gain consent for any actors whose facial features are used for the AI performer, the studios have to inform actors they're using AI, and the union can bargain over compensation for those affected by it. The separate deal signed in September with the writer's guild "also includes assurances that AI cannot write or rewrite literary material," the article adds, "and will require AI-generated materials to be disclosed to writers." Now the president of the actor's union [114]tells the Hollywood Reporter, "We got everything we wanted with the AI protections, which was key. Plus we're going to be meeting with the AMPTP [the entertainment industry's bargaining unit] twice a year to make sure that our finger remains on the pulse of the progress, and also to align ourselves on the same side with regard to federal regulations and protections against piracy." And the union president [115]underscored the importance of AI-related protections to Rolling Stone" "If we didn't get that package, then what are we doing? We're not really able to protect our members in the way that they needed to be protected... If we didn't get those barricades, what would it be in three years...?" In the union's [116]initial announcement of the tentative deal on Wednesday, SAG-AFTRA promised it had secured a contract "of extraordinary scope" valued at more than $1 billion and "unprecedented provisions for consent and compensation that will protect members from the threat of AI." apply tags__________ 172218741 story [117]Medicine [118]Covid Lockdowns 'Were Worth It', Argues Infectious Disease Expert on CNN [119](cnn.com) [120]188 Posted by EditorDavid on Saturday November 11, 2023 @01:34PM from the expert's-opinion dept. A new book argues lockdowns during the pandemic were "[121]a failure." But in response CNN published an opinion piece disagreeing — written by physician/infectious disease expert Kent Sepkowitz from the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York — who argues "[122]You bet it was worth it." [Authors Joe Nocera and Bethany McLean] consider the lockdown a single activity stretched across the entire pandemic; in contrast, I would distinguish the initial lockdown, which was crucial, from the off-and-on lockdowns as therapies, vaccines and overall care improved. There is an argument to be made that these were not anywhere near as effective... One only had to work in health care in New York City to see the difference between early 2020, when the explosion of cases overwhelmed the city, versus later in 2020 when an [123]effective therapy had been identified, supplies and diagnostic testing had been greatly improved (though still completely inadequate) and the makeshift ICUs and emergency rooms had been set in place. It was still a nightmare to be sure, but it was a vastly more organized nightmare. The "short-term benefits" at the start of the pandemic are simple to characterize: Every infection that was delayed due to the lockdowns was a day to the good, a day closer to the release of the mRNA vaccines in December 2020, a less-hectic day for the health care workers, a day for clinical trials to mature. Therefore, the authors' statement that lockdowns "were a mistake that should not be repeated" because they had no "purpose other than keeping hospitals from being overrun in the short-term" is to me a fundamental misunderstanding of the day-to-day work that was being done. Most disturbing to me about this assessment and the others that have come along are the minimal mention of the death and debility the infection caused. A reminder for those who have forgotten just how brutal the pandemic was: Worldwide there have [124]been 7 million deaths. In the U.S., there have been [125]more than a million deaths, millions have some [126]post-infection debility and many health care workers remain [127]profoundly demoralized. [By these figures the U.S., with 4.2% of the world's population, had 14% of Covid fatalities.] In this context, many of the outcomes of concern listed by Nocera and McLean — suicidal thoughts in teens, alcoholism and drug use increases, violence — are as easily explained by this staggering death toll as by the cabin fever brought on by lockdowns. Once again: [128]About 1 out of every 350 Americans died in the Covid-19 pandemic. Another way to consider the impact of so many deaths is examination of life expectancy. Of note, [129]life expectancy in the U.S. fell in 2020 (1.8 years) and 2021 (0.6 years), the sharpest drop since the 1920s; per the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, [130]74% of the drop was attributed to Covid-19... To fall more than two years so precipitously requires the deaths of many in their 30s and 40s and 50s, as occurred with the first year of the pandemic. apply tags__________ 172216343 story [131]United Kingdom [132]Domestic Cats Have Wiped Out the Scottish Wildcat. Only 'Hybrid Swarm' Remains [133](science.org) [134]31 Posted by EditorDavid on Saturday November 11, 2023 @12:34PM from the approaching-extinction dept. Slashdot reader [135]sciencehabit writes: The Scottish wildcat--a fierce, solitary feline with striking stripes and a legendary reputation in Scotland--[136]may be extinct, due to breeding with domestic cats. Domestic cats and European wildcats (a species to which the Scottish wildcat belongs) shared Europe for more than 2000 years without interbreeding, according to a new study. But around 70 years ago, something changed. In the mid-1950s, more than 5% of the genetic markers in Scottish wildcats began to resemble those of domestic cats, according to a second new study. After 1997, that figure jumped to as high as 74%. In the wild, the markings of the Scottish wildcat became muddled and spotted, its short, bushy tail replaced by the long, thin tail of domestic cats. Today, the genome of the Scottish wildcat is so "swamped" with domestic cat DNA that the animal is "genomically extinct," the authors conclude. All that's left in nature is a "hybrid swarm," they write, a confused mix of wild and domestic DNA. "Everything these wildcats have evolved over thousands of years is being lost in a few generations," says the study's lead author, Jo Howard-McCombe, a conservation geneticist at the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland. The reason appears to be a shrinking wildcat population in Scotland—the last stronghold of the European wildcat in Britain—and human encroachment, both of which forced the wildcats to breed with domestic cats. The only hope may lie in a captive population of Scottish wildcats, which researchers have begun releasing into the wild, far from domestic felines. The team hopes that as the animals adapt to their environment over several generations, they'll begin to shed their domestic DNA. It may be an uphill battle, but the project's lead, Helen Senn, says, "We've got to start somewhere." apply tags__________ 172215277 story [137]China [138]Five Republican Presidential Candidates Call for TikTok to Be Banned in America [139]150 Posted by EditorDavid on Saturday November 11, 2023 @11:34AM from the clock-is-Tikking dept. Wednesday five of the U.S. Republican candidates for president gathered for their third debate in Miami — where they again [140]urged the banning of TikTok in America: Moderator: Last week congressman Mike Gallagher, who is chairman of the House bipartisan select committee on the Chinese Community party, published [141]a long essay on TikTok... [H]e called the app "predatory... controlled by America's preeminent adversary," used to push propaganda and divide America. It's "spyware," he said — a means of surveillance. Governor Christie, do you agree with chairman Gallgaher, and if so would you ban or force the sale of TikTok. Chris Christie: I agree 100% with chairman Gallagher, and let me say this. TikTok is not only spyware. it is polluting the minds of American young people, all throughout this country. And they're doing it intentionally... This is China trying to further divide the United States of America... In my first week as president, we would ban TikTok. They want to go ahead and sell it, let 'em go ahead and sell it. But I'll tell you another reason we would do it. Facebook's not in China. X is not in China. They're not permitting a free flow of information to the Chinese people from our social media companies. Yet we just open the door and let them do what they're doing. TikTok should be banned because they are poisoning American minds, and I would do it Week One... [Applause from audience.] Ron DeSantis: [DeSantis began by saying he would also ban TikTok.] I think that China's the top threat we face. They've been very effective at infiltrating different parts of our society... And as the dad of a 6-, 5-, and a 3-year-old, I'm concerned about the data that they're getting from our young people, and what they're doing to pollute the minds of our young people... Their role in our culture? If we ignore that, we're not going to be able to win the fight... Vivek Ramaswamy: In the last debate [Nikki Haley] [142]made fun of me for joining TikTok? Well her own daughter was actually using the app for a long time, so you might want to take care of your family first... [Audience boos] Nikki Haley: Leave my daughter out of your voice. Vivek Ramaswamy: The next generation of Americans are using it, and that's actually the point... Here's the truth. The easy answer is actually to say that we're just going to ban one app. We gotta go further. We have to ban any U.S. company actually transferring U.S. data to the Chinese. Here's a story most people don't know. Airbnb [143]hands over U.S. user data to the CCP. Now that's a U.S.-owned company... Even U.S. companies in Silicon Valley are regularly doing it... Tim Scott: What we should do is ban TikTok, period... If you cannot ban TikTok, you should eliminate the Chinese presence on the app. Period. In the previous debate Nikki Haley [144]made her own position clear. "We can't have TikTok in our kids' lives. We need to ban it." apply tags__________ 172216283 story [145]Science [146]Oldest, Massive Black Hole Discovered With JWST Data. Confirms 'Collapsed Gas Cloud' Theory [147](nasa.gov) [148]16 Posted by EditorDavid on Saturday November 11, 2023 @10:34AM from the born-big dept. "Scientists have discovered the oldest black hole yet," [149]reports the CBC, calling it "a cosmic beast formed a mere 470 million years after the Big Bang." "The findings, [150]published Monday, confirm what until now were theories that supermassive black holes existed at the dawn of the universe..." Given the universe is 13.7 billion years old, that puts the age of this black hole at 13.2 billion years. Even more astounding to scientists, this black hole is a whopper — 10 times bigger than the black hole in our own Milky Way. It's believed to weigh anywhere from 10 to 100 per cent the mass of all the stars in its galaxy, said lead author Akos Bogdan of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. That is nowhere near the miniscule ratio of the black holes in our Milky Way and other nearby galaxies — an estimated 0.1 per cent, he noted. "It's just really early on in the universe to be such a behemoth," said Yale University's Priyamvada Natarajan, who took part in the study [151]published in the journal Nature Astronomy. A companion article appeared in the Astrophysical Journal Letters... The researchers believe the black hole formed from colossal clouds of gas that collapsed in a galaxy next door to one with stars. The two galaxies merged, and the black hole took over. The researchers combined data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, [152]reports NASA: "We needed Webb to find this remarkably distant galaxy and Chandra to find its supermassive black hole," said Akos Bogdan of the Center for Astrophysics/Harvard & Smithsonian who leads a new paper in the journal Nature Astronomy describing these results. "We also took advantage of a cosmic magnifying glass that boosted the amount of light we detected." This magnifying effect is known as gravitational lensing... This discovery is important for understanding how some supermassive black holes can reach colossal masses soon after the big bang. Do they form directly from the collapse of massive clouds of gas, creating black holes weighing between about 10,000 and 100,000 Suns? Or do they come from explosions of the first stars that create black holes weighing only between about 10 and 100 Suns...? Bogdan's team has found strong evidence that the newly discovered black hole was born massive... The large mass of the black hole at a young age, plus the amount of X-rays it produces and the brightness of the galaxy detected by Webb, all agree with theoretical predictions in 2017 by co-author Priyamvada Natarajan of Yale University for an "Outsize Black Hole" that directly formed from the collapse of a huge cloud of gas. "We think that this is the first detection of an 'Outsize Black Hole' and the best evidence yet obtained that some black holes form from massive clouds of gas," said Natarajan. "For the first time we are seeing a brief stage where a supermassive black hole weighs about as much as the stars in its galaxy, before it falls behind." The researchers plan to use this and other results pouring in from Webb and those combining data from other telescopes to fill out a larger picture of the early universe. apply tags__________ 172214791 story [153]Security [154]NY AG Issues $450K Penalty To US Radiology After Unpatched Bug Led To Ransomware [155](therecord.media) [156]24 Posted by [157]BeauHD on Saturday November 11, 2023 @08:00AM from the perils-of-outdated-equipment dept. An anonymous reader quotes a report from The Record: One of the nation's largest private radiology companies agreed to pay a $450,000 fine after a 2021 ransomware attack [158]led to the exposure of sensitive information from nearly 200,000 patients. In an agreement announced on Wednesday, New York Attorney General Letitia James said US Radiology failed to remediate a vulnerability announced by security company SonicWall in January 2021. US Radiology used the company's firewall to protect its network and provide managed services for many of its partner companies, including the Windsong Radiology Group, which has six facilities across Western New York. The vulnerability highlighted by the attorney general -- [159]CVE-2021-20016 -- was used by ransomware gangs in several attacks. US Radiology was unable to install the firmware patch for the zero-day because its SonicWall hardware was at an end-of-life stage and was no longer supported. The company planned to replace the hardware in July 2021, but the project was delayed "due to competing priorities and resource restraints." The vulnerability was never addressed, and the company was attacked by an unnamed ransomware gang on December 8, 2021. An investigation determined that the hacker was able to gain access to files that included the names, dates of birth, patient IDs, dates of service, provider names, types of radiology exams, diagnoses and/or health insurance ID numbers of 198,260 patients. The data exposed during the incident also included driver's license numbers, passport numbers, and Social Security numbers for 82,478 New Yorkers. [...] In addition to the $450,000 penalty, the company will have to upgrade its IT network, hire someone to manage its data security program, encrypt all sensitive patient information and develop a penetration testing program. The company will have to delete patient data "when there is no reasonable business purpose to retain it" and submit compliance reports to the state for two years. "When patients visit a medical facility, they deserve confidence in knowing that their personal information will not be compromised when they are receiving care," said Attorney General James. "US Radiology failed to protect New Yorkers' data and was vulnerable to attack because of outdated equipment. In the face of increasing cyberattacks and more sophisticated scams to steal private data, I urge all companies to make necessary upgrades and security fixes to their computer hardware and systems." apply tags__________ 172214767 story [160]Science [161]Scientists Build Yeast With Artificial DNA [162](axios.com) [163]28 Posted by [164]BeauHD on Saturday November 11, 2023 @05:00AM from the major-advances dept. Alison Snyder reports via Axios: For more than 15 years, scientists have worked to build a complex cell with an entire genome built from scratch. This week they announced a major milestone: They've [165]created synthetic versions of the 16 chromosomes in a yeast cell and successfully combined some of them in one cell. The feat is revealing new information about fundamental processes in cells, and it is a key step toward some scientists' vision of creating programmable cellular factories to produce biofuels, materials, medicines and other products. The changes researchers made to yeast chromosomes fall into three main categories: increasing stability of the genome, repurposing codons (genetic sequences that carry instructions for reading DNA or RNA) and introducing a system that allows scientists to make millions of cells, each with different genetic properties. "A big problem is a lot of the things you want to make are actually toxic to the cells," [says Benjamin Blount, a synthetic biologist at the University of Nottingham in the U.K. and co-author of some of the scientific papers in a series [166]published this week in Cell and Cell Genomics detailing the work]. With the system that reshuffles the genome and effectively mimics evolution, scientists can make many variants of yeast and pick the ones "that are really good at growing in the presence of what you're trying to make." Then, they're able to look at what's happened to their genomes to enable that particular strain to grow and make the desired product, and use that genetic information to develop strains of yeast suited for an industrial process. The chromosomes still have to be combined in one cell that can survive, which means they have to be "basically indiscernible" from natural chromosomes in terms of the cell's fitness, Blount says. That required a lot of debugging of the genome, similar to what's done for computer code. One team was able to combine multiple chromosomes in one cell and it survived and reproduced, demonstrating a mechanism for bringing them together. Building the genomes -- and seeing when the cell doesn't work as expected as the result of one change or another -- has revealed fundamental information about genome biology, Blount says. For example, the team identified sequences in genes that interrupted a key process in the cell and led to mitochondria dysfunction, which is involved in some human diseases. apply tags__________ [167]« Newer [168]Older » Slashdot Top Deals Slashdot Top Deals [169]Slashdot Deals Slashdot Poll What's your favorite machine to play games on? (*) Xbox ( ) PlayStation ( ) Nintendo ( ) PC ( ) Smartphone (BUTTON) vote now [170]Read the 86 comments | 27773 votes Looks like someone has already voted from this IP. If you would like to vote please login and try again. 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