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OR [34]check out the new Slashdot job board to browse remote jobs or jobs in your area Do you develop on GitHub? You can keep using GitHub but automatically [35]sync your GitHub releases to SourceForge quickly and easily with [36]this tool so your projects have a backup location, and get your project in front of SourceForge's nearly 30 million monthly users. It takes less than a minute. Get new users downloading your project releases today! [37]× 172084691 story [38]Science [39]Masks Work. So What Went Wrong with a Highly Publicized COVID Mask Analysis? [40](scientificamerican.com) [41]22 Posted by EditorDavid on Monday October 23, 2023 @07:34AM from the on-the-face-of-it dept. A Harvard professor on the history of science looks at our response to the pandemic, criticizing "a report that gave the false impression that masking didn't help." [42]From Scientific American: The group's report was published by Cochrane, an organization that collects databases and periodically issues "systematic" reviews of scientific evidence relevant to health care. This year it published a paper addressing the efficacy of physical interventions to slow the spread of respiratory illness such as COVID... The review of studies of masking concluded that the "results were inconclusive..." [and] it was "uncertain whether wearing [surgical] masks or N95/P2 respirators helps to slow the spread of respiratory viruses." Still, the authors were also uncertain about that uncertainty, stating that their confidence in their conclusion was "low to moderate." You can see why the average person could be confused... The Cochrane finding was not that masking didn't work but that scientists lacked sufficient evidence of sufficient quality to conclude that they worked... Cochrane has made this mistake before. In 2016 a flurry of media reports declared that flossing your teeth was a waste of time... The answer demonstrates a third issue with the Cochrane approach: how it defines evidence. The organization [43]states that its reviews "identify, appraise and synthesize all the empirical evidence that meets pre-specified eligibility criteria." The problem is what those eligibility criteria are. Cochrane Reviews base their findings on randomized controlled trials (RCTs), often called the "gold standard" of scientific evidence. But many questions can't be answered well with RCTs, and some can't be answered at all... In fact, there is strong evidence that [44]masks do work to prevent the spread of respiratory illness. It just doesn't come from RCTs. It comes from [45]Kansas. In July 2020 the governor of Kansas issued an executive order requiring masks in public places. Just a few weeks earlier, however, the legislature had passed a bill authorizing counties to opt out of any statewide provision. In the months that followed, COVID rates decreased in all 24 counties with mask mandates and continued to increase in 81 other counties that opted out of them... Cochrane ignored this epidemiological evidence because it didn't meet its rigid standard. I have called this approach "[46]methodological fetishism," when scientists fixate on a preferred methodology and dismiss studies that don't follow it. Sadly, it's not unique to Cochrane. By dogmatically insisting on a particular definition of rigor, scientists in the past have landed on wrong answers more than once. Vox also points out that while Cochrane's review included 78 studies, "[47]only six were actually conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic... Instead, most of them looked at flu transmission in normal conditions, and many of them were about other interventions like hand-washing. "Only two of the studies are about Covid and masking in particular. Furthermore, neither of those studies looked directly at whether people wear masks, but instead at whether people were encouraged or told to wear masks by researchers." apply tags__________ 172084849 story [48]Music [49]CarPlay? Android Auto? Most People Still Just Listen to AM/FM Radio [50](9to5mac.com) [51]77 Posted by EditorDavid on Monday October 23, 2023 @03:34AM from the don't-touch-that-dial dept. "New data suggests that what a lot of people do most often in their car is listen to AM/FM radio," [52]writes 9to5Mac. "Yes, it's 2023, and you might think AM/FM radio is on the way out, but new data show that to not be the case for a lot of people..." The market research company Edison Research used one-day listening diarires (for Americans older than 13) to measure the amount of time spent listening to audio — then [53]compared results for those with and without an in-car entertainment system. Those without an in-car entertainment system spent 67% of their time listening to AM/FM radio — with the rest listening to Sirius XM (12%), a streaming service (9%), or podcasts (4%). But among those with an in-car entertainment system... 46% still listened to AM/FM radio. Less than a fifth listened to Sirus XM (19%), a streaming service (18%), or podcasts (7%). The researchers' conclusion? "Even those with these systems choose AM/FM for nearly half of their in-car listening. For many people, even with so many new options, radio and the in-car environment continue to just go together." apply tags__________ 172084143 story [54]Bitcoin [55]California Law Limits Bitcoin ATM Transactions to $1,000 to Thwart Scammers [56](msn.com) [57]24 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday October 22, 2023 @11:34PM from the not-so-fast-cash dept. One 80-year-old retired teacher in Los Angeles [58]lost $69,000 in bitcoin to scammers. And 46,000 people lost over $1 billion to crypto scams since 2021 (according to America's Federal Trade Commission). Now the Los Angeles Times reports [59]California's new moves against scammers using bitcoin ATMs, with a bill one representative says "is about ensuring that people who have been frauded in our communities don't continue to watch our state step aside when we know that these are real problems that are happening." Starting in January, California will limit cryptocurrency ATM transactions to $1,000 per day per person under [60]Senate Bill 401, which Gov. Gavin Newsom signed into law. Some bitcoin ATM machines advertise limits as high as $50,000... Victims of bitcoin ATM scams say limiting the transactions will give people more time to figure out they're being tricked and prevent them from using large amounts of cash to buy cryptocurrency. But crypto ATM operators say the new laws will harm their industry and the small businesses they pay to rent space for the machines. There are more than 3,200 bitcoin ATMs in California, [61]according to Coin ATM Radar, a site that tracks the machines' locations. "This bill fails to adequately address how to crack down on fraud, and instead takes a punitive path focused on a specific technology that will shudder the industry and hurt consumers, while doing nothing to stop bad actors," said Charles Belle, executive director of the Blockchain Advocacy Coalition... Law enforcement has cracked down on [62]unlicensed crypto ATMs, but it can be tough for consumers to tell how serious the industry is about addressing the concerns. In 2020, a Yorba Linda man [63]pleaded guilty to charges of operating unlicensed bitcoin ATMs and failing to maintain an anti-money-laundering program even though he knew criminals were using the funds. The illegal business, known as Herocoin, allowed people to buy and sell bitcoin in transactions of up to $25,000 and charged a fee of up to 25%. So there's also provisions in the law against exorbitant fees: The new law also bars bitcoin ATM operators from collecting fees higher than $5 or 15% of the transaction, whichever is greater, starting in 2025. Legislative staff members visited a crypto kiosk in Sacramento and found markups as high as 33% on some digital assets when they compared the prices at which cryptocurrency is bought and sold. Typically, a crypto ATM charges fees between 12% and 25% over the value of the digital asset, according to a legislative analysis... [64]Another law would by July 2025 require digital financial asset businesses to obtain a license from the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation. apply tags__________ 172084487 story [65]NASA [66]NASA Transmits Patches to the Two Voyager Probes Launched in 1977 [67](nasa.gov) [68]38 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday October 22, 2023 @09:34PM from the 12-billion-miles-from-home dept. "It's not every day that you get to update the firmware on a device that was produced in the 1970s," [69]writes Hackaday, "and rarely is said device well beyond the boundaries of our solar system. "This is however exactly what the JPL team in charge of the Voyager 1 & 2 missions are facing, as they are in the process of sending fresh firmware patches over to these amazing feats of engineering." From [70]NASA's announcement: One effort addresses fuel residue that seems to be accumulating inside narrow tubes in some of the thrusters on the spacecraft. The thrusters are used to keep each spacecraft's antenna pointed at Earth. This type of buildup has been observed in a handful of other spacecraft... In some of the propellant inlet tubes, the buildup is becoming significant. To slow that buildup, the mission has begun letting the two spacecraft rotate slightly farther in each direction [almost 1 degree] before firing the thrusters. This will reduce the frequency of thruster firings... While more rotating by the spacecraft could mean bits of science data are occasionally lost — akin to being on a phone call where the person on the other end cuts out occasionally — the team concluded the plan will enable the Voyagers to return more data over time. Engineers can't know for sure when the thruster propellant inlet tubes will become completely clogged, but they expect that with these precautions, that won't happen for at least five more years, possibly much longer. "This far into the mission, the engineering team is being faced with a lot of challenges for which we just don't have a playbook," said Linda Spilker, project scientist for the mission as NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California. "But they continue to come up with creative solutions." But that's not the only issue: The team is also uploading a software patch to prevent the recurrence of a glitch that arose on Voyager 1 last year. [71]Engineers resolved the glitch, and the patch is intended to prevent the issue from occurring again in Voyager 1 or arising in its twin, Voyager 2... In 2022, the onboard computer that orients the Voyager 1 spacecraft with Earth began to send back garbled status reports, despite otherwise continuing to operate normally... The attitude articulation and control system (AACS) was misdirecting commands, writing them into the computer memory instead of carrying them out. One of those missed commands wound up garbling the AACS status report before it could reach engineers on the ground. The team determined the AACS had entered into an incorrect mode; however, they couldn't determine the cause and thus aren't sure if the issue could arise again. The software patch should prevent that. "This patch is like an insurance policy that will protect us in the future and help us keep these probes going as long as possible," said JPL's Suzanne Dodd, Voyager project manager. "These are the only spacecraft to ever operate in interstellar space, so the data they're sending back is uniquely valuable to our understanding of our local universe." Since their launch in 1977, NASA's two Voyager probes [72]have travelled more than 12 billion miles (each!), and are still sending back data from beyond our solar system. apply tags__________ 172083093 story [73]Privacy [74]Mozilla Launches Annual Digital Privacy 'Creep-o-Meter'. This Year's Status: 'Very Creepy' [75](mozilla.org) [76]37 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday October 22, 2023 @06:34PM from the I-wish-I-were-special dept. "In 2023, the state of our digital privacy is: Very Creepy." That's the verdict from Mozilla's first-ever "[77]Annual Consumer Creep-o-Meter," which attempts to set benchmarks for digital privacy and identify trends: Since 2017, Mozilla has published 15 editions of *Privacy Not Included, our consumer tech buyers guide. We've reviewed over 500 gadgets, apps, cars, and more, assessing their security features, what data they collect, and who they share that data with. In 2023, we compared our most recent findings with those of the past five years. It quickly became clear that products and companies are collecting more personal data than ever before — and then using that information in shady ways... Products are getting more secure, but also a lot less private. More companies are meeting Mozilla's Minimum Security Standards like using encryption and providing automatic software updates. That's good news. But at the same time, companies are collecting and sharing users' personal data like never before. And that's bad news. Many companies now view their hardware or software as a means to an end: collecting that coveted personal data for targeted advertising and training AI. For example: The mental health app BetterHelp [78]shares your data with advertisers, social media platforms, and sister companies. The Japanese car manufacturer Nissan collects [79]a wide range of information, including sexual activity, health diagnosis data, and genetic information — but doesn't specify how. An increasing number of products can't be used offline. In the past, the privacy conscious could always buy a connected device but turn off connectivity, making it "dumb." That's no longer an option in many cases. The number of connected devices that require apps and can't be used offline are increasing. This trend, coupled with the first, means it's harder and harder to keep your data private. Privacy policies also need improvement. "Legalese, ambiguity, and policies that sprawl across multiple documents and URLs are the status quo. And it's getting worse, not better. Companies use these policies as a shield, not an actual resource for consumers." They note that Toyota has more than 10 privacy policy documents, and that it would actually take five hours to read all the privacy documents the Meta Quest Pro VR headset. In the end they advise opting out of data collection when possible, enabling security features, and "If you're not comfortable with a product's privacy, don't buy it. And, speak up. Over the years, we've seen companies respond to consumer demand for privacy, like when Apple reformed app tracking and Zoom made end-to-end encryption a free feature." You can also take a quiz that calculates your own privacy footprint (based on whether you're using consumer tech products like the [80]Apple Watch, [81]Nintendo Switch, [82]Nook, or [83]Telegram). Mozilla's privacy advocates award the highest marks to privacy-protecting products like [84]Signal, Sonos' [85]SL Speakers, and the [86]Pocketbook eReader (an alternative to Amazon's Kindle. (Although 100% of the cars reviewed by Mozilla "failed to meet our privacy and security standards.") The graphics on the site help make its point. As you move your mouse across the page, the cartoon eyes follow its movement... apply tags__________ 172083373 story [87]Cellphones [88]20 Carriers Face Call-Blocking in the US for Submitting Fake 'Robocall Mitigation Plans' [89](arstechnica.com) [90]44 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday October 22, 2023 @05:34PM from the failed-by-the-FCC dept. "Twenty phone companies [91]may soon have all their voice calls blocked by US carriers," reports Ars Technica, "because they didn't submit real plans for preventing robocalls on their networks." The 20 carriers include a mix of US-based and foreign voice service providers that submitted required "robocall mitigation" plans to the Federal Communications Commission about two years ago. The problem is that some of the carriers' submissions were blank pages and others were bizarre images or documents that had no relation to robocalls. The strange submissions, according to FCC enforcement orders issued Monday, included "a .PNG file depicting an indiscernible object," a document titled "Windows Printer Test Page," an image "that depicted the filer's 'Taxpayer Profile' on a Pakistani government website," and "a letter that stated: 'Unfortunately, we do not have such a documents.'" Monday's [92]FCC announcement said the agency's Enforcement Bureau issued orders demanding that "20 non-compliant companies show cause within 14 days as to why the FCC should not remove them from the database for deficient filings." The orders focus on the certification requirements and do not indicate whether these companies carry large amounts of robocall traffic. Each company will be given "an opportunity to cure any deficiencies in its robocall mitigation program description or explain why its certification is not deficient." After the October 30 deadline, the companies could be removed from the FCC's Robocall Mitigation Database. Removal from the database would oblige other phone companies to block all of their calls. apply tags__________ 172079713 story [93]Social Networks [94]'Threads' Downloads Nearly Doubled in September, as New Features Roll Out [95](businessinsider.com) [96]53 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday October 22, 2023 @04:34PM from the pulling-on-loose-Threads dept. "Mark Zuckerberg [97]is making good on his promise to accelerate the use of Threads," reports Business Insider: The Meta CEO insisted in July that the app was [98]not in its final form. "I'm highly confident that we're gonna be able to pour enough gasoline on this to help it grow," Zuckerberg said. Since then, Threads has rolled out a host of major new features, including a web version, keyword search, voice posts, and the ability to edit posts, even as it [99]avoids promoting news. Smaller things, too, like being able to follow updates in individual threads at the tap of a bell icon, a way to mass follow people mentioned in a post, and even tag people's Instagram accounts, are now available... More Threads features are said to be on the way, like polls. But Insider also reports that "As the app has matured quickly in recent weeks, users have started to return and downloads have continued to rise." So far in October, Threads has hovered around 33 million daily active users and 120 million monthly active users, according to data from Apptopia, up from about 25 million daily users and 100 million monthly users in July... Since the app launched on July 6, it's been downloaded 260 million times, Apptopia data shows, with downloads in September almost double the downloads in August... Although the entire team working on Threads remains small by Meta standards, around 50 people, the company was [100]surprised by the interest in the app and "really wants it to work," an employee said. To that end, Threads is now being integrated to an extent with Facebook and Instagram, two of the most popular apps in the world. There is a direct link to Threads on each user's Instagram page, a post on Threads can be sent in Instagram DMs, and as of this week, Threads is being promoted within the Instagram app feed via a small carousel of select posts under the header "Threads for you...." It's not just Instagram, [101]according to BGR. "If you've been posting some especially strange messages Threads, thinking that only the few people who follow you will see them, I have some bad news for you..." As spotted [102]by TechCrunch, users on Facebook have noticed something new on their News Feed: content from Threads. It appears that Meta is now showing Facebook users a new "For You from Threads" section on the News Feed that contains recommended content from the sibling social media platform. apply tags__________ 172078505 story [103]Japan [104]As Fukushima Releases Treated Radioactive Water, Inspections Started by Atomic Energy Agency [105](apnews.com) [106]41 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday October 22, 2023 @03:34PM from the gone-fission dept. In August the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant started releasing treated radioactive wastewater into the sea — a process they plan to continue for decades. Now the International Atomic Energy Agency has sent a team to sample the water near the plant. And the Associated Press reports that a team member "[107]said Thursday he does not expect any rise in radiation levels in the fish caught in the regional seas." The IAEA team watched flounder and other popular kinds of fish being caught off the coast earlier Thursday and brought on boats to the Hisanohama port in southern Fukushima for an auction. "I can say that we don't expect to see any change starting in the fish," said Paul McGinnity, an IAEA marine radiology scientist. A small rise in the levels of tritium, which cannot be removed from the Fukushima Daiichi wastewater by the plant's treatment system called ALPS, is possible in locations close to the discharge points, but the levels of radioactivity are expected to be similar to those measured before the discharge last year, he said... The IAEA has reviewed the safety of the wastewater release and concluded in July that if carried out as planned, it would have a negligible impact on the environment, marine life and human health. During the Oct. 16-23 visit, the IAEA team also inspected the collection and processing of seawater and marine sediment near the plant... The sampling work will be followed by a separate IAEA task force that will review the safety of the treated radioactive water... Tokyo Electric Power Company and the government say discharging the water into the sea is unavoidable because the tanks will reach their 1.37 million-ton capacity next year and space at the plant will be needed for its decommissioning, which is expected to take decades, if it is achievable at all. They say the water is treated to reduce radioactive materials to safe levels, and then is diluted with seawater by hundreds of times to make it much safer than international standards. Some experts say such long-term release of low-dose radioactivity is unprecedented and requires close monitoring. apply tags__________ 172076871 story [108]Nintendo [109]Nintendo's New 'Super Mario Bros. Wonder' Game Called Psychedelic, Chaos [110](bbc.com) [111]17 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday October 22, 2023 @02:34PM from the wahoo! dept. [112]The BBC writes: Super Mario Bros: Wonder is a psychedelic take on the traditional 2D platformer that jazzes up Mario's usual Bowser-thwarting adventure with Wonder Effects that, [113]as Polygon's Chris Plante put it, sees "the levels themselves collapse and contort, disobeying the laws established by decades of Mario games". It's as if developers unearthed the "stuffed notebook of chaos" of every wacky idea ever rejected from the series and turned it into a single game, Plante said... [T]he game offers "so many different looks and wild hooks that the typically forgettable story simply didn't matter," [114]said IGN's Ryan McCaffrey, who enthused: "Every frame oozes joy...." [115]The Guardian's Keza McDonald says the game carries the sort of fun expected by Mario fans, "but with enough novelty and unexpected twists to prevent it from feeling over-familiar", and at the same time for newcomers "is a wonderful introduction to the fizzy creativity and attention to detail that has made Mario a family staple". This is the first time the Mario developers have delved into online multiplayer in the traditional 2D space, where previously co-op play required players to share a console in person. "It feels more like you're working together," McDonald said. "Characters can revive one another if someone falls foul of a Bullet Bill or flaming pit, making the game much easier to get through as a team." [116]GamesRadar's Sam Loveridge added "There's also an attention to detail here that just heightens that magic playfulness. There's so much to spot, whether it's the snot bubble on a sleeping Goomba or the fact each character's face changes when they start dashing." Although Kotaku [117]has a suggestion. "Before you get too ahead of yourself turning Mario and company into [118]giant elephants and whatnot, you should mess around with some gameplay settings first — especially the one that controls the Talking Flowers." Earlier this week, in another edition of Nintendo's ongoing web series, [119]Ask the Developer, we learned that Wonder was [120]originally going to have a live commentary feature like what you'd find in a sports game. It was scrapped, but found new life through the game's Talking Flowers characters who shout at Mario and crew whenever they walk by. Although the Talking Flowers are a cute addition to the game and make solo playthroughs a little less lonely, your mileage with them may vary. Some people think the Talking Flowers, who talk all the time, are pretty annoying, if you can believe that. apply tags__________ 172075635 story [121]Linux [122]Linux Foundation's 'Super-Long-Term Stable Kernel Program' Announces 10 Years of Support for Its 6.1 Kernel [123](linuxfoundation.org) [124]15 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday October 22, 2023 @01:34PM from the kernel-keepers dept. Last week the Linux Foundation announced its Civil Infrastructure Platform project "has expanded its super-long-term stable kernel program with a 6.1-based series. "Just like for the previously started kernel series (4.4-cip, 4.19-cip and 5.10-cip), the project is [125]committed to maintaining the 6.1-cip kernel for a minimum of 10 years after its initial release." The Civil Infrastructure Platform project is establishing an open source base layer of industrial grade Linux to enable the use and implementation of software building blocks for civil infrastructure. The project's kernels are maintained like regular long-term-stable kernels, and developers of the CIP kernel are also involved in long-term-stable kernel review and testing. While regular long-term-stable kernels are moving back to 2 years maintenance, CIP kernels are set up for 10 years. In order to enable this extended lifetime, CIP kernels are scoped-down in actively supported kernel features and target architecture. At the same time, CIP kernels accept non-invasive backports from newer mainline kernels that enable new hardware... "The CIP kernels are developed and reviewed with the same meticulous attention as regular Long-Term-Stable kernels," said Yoshi Kobayashi, Technical Steering Committee Chair at the CIP project. "Our developers actively participate in reviewing and testing long-term-stable kernels, contributing to the overall quality and security of the platform. A key highlight is our work on the IEC 62443 security standard, aimed at fortifying the resilience of critical infrastructure systems." "As 2023 comes to a close, the CIP project has stood as a beacon of stability and innovation, with a commitment to driving collaboration to strengthen this essential initiative," said Urs Gleim, Governing Board Chair at the CIP project... The Civil Infrastructure Platform is driving open source collaboration and innovation around industrial grade software for prodúcts used in industrial automation and for civil infrastructure, such as trains and power grids. To learn more about the CIP project, including how to get involved and contribute, please visit our booth at the Linux Foundation [126]Open Source Summit Japan, December 5 — 6, or [127]visit our website. apply tags__________ 172059495 story [128]AI [129]Newspapers Want Payment for Articles Used to Power ChatGPT [130](msn.com) [131]115 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday October 22, 2023 @12:34PM from the stopping-the-presses dept. An anonymous reader shared [132]this report from the Washington Post: For years, tech companies like Open AI have freely used news stories to build data sets that teach their machines how to recognize and respond fluently to human queries about the world. But as the quest to develop cutting-edge AI models has grown increasingly frenzied, newspaper publishers and other data owners are demanding a share of the potentially massive market for generative AI, which is projected to reach to $1.3 trillion by 2032, according to Bloomberg Intelligence. Since August, at least [133]535 news organizations — including the New York Times, Reuters and The Washington Post — have installed a blocker that prevents their content from being collected and used to train ChatGPT. Now, discussions are focused on paying publishers so the chatbot can surface links to individual news stories in its responses, a development that would benefit the newspapers in two ways: by providing direct payment and by potentially increasing traffic to their websites. In July, Open AI cut a deal to license content from the Associated Press as training data for its AI models. The current talks also have addressed that idea, according to two people familiar with the talks who spoke on the condition of anonymity to discuss sensitive matters, but have concentrated more on showing stories in ChatGPT responses. Other sources of useful data are also looking for leverage. Reddit, the popular social message board, has met with top generative AI companies about being paid for its data, according to a person familiar with the matter, speaking on the condition of anonymity to discuss private negotiations. If a deal can't be reached, Reddit is considering blocking search crawlers from Google and Bing, which would prevent the forum from being discovered in searches and reduce the number of visitors to the site. But the company believes the trade-off would be worth it, the person said, adding: "Reddit can survive without search." "The moves mark a growing sense of urgency and uncertainty about who profits from online information," the article argues. "With generative AI poised to transform how users interact with the internet, many publishers and other companies see fair payment for their data as an existential issue." They also cite James Grimmelmann, a professor of digital and information law at Cornell University, who suggests Open AI's decision to negotiate "may reflect a desire to strike deals before courts have a chance weigh in on whether tech companies have a clear legal obligation to license — and pay for — content." apply tags__________ 172070405 story [134]Mars [135]Could a Mud Lake on Mars Be Hiding Signs of Ancient Life? [136](space.com) [137]7 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday October 22, 2023 @11:34AM from the Martin-chronicles dept. "Planetary scientists want to search for biosignatures in what they believe was once a Martian mud lake," [138]reports Space.com: After scientists [139]carefully studied what they believe are desiccated remnants of an equatorial mud lake on Mars, their study of [140]Hydraotes Chaos suggests a buried trove of water surged onto the surface. If researchers are right, then this flat could become prime ground for future missions seeking traces of life on Mars... More generally, scientists suggest surface [141]water on Mars froze over about 3.7 billion years ago as the atmosphere thinned and the surface cooled. But underground, groundwater might still have remained liquid in vast chambers. Moreover, life forms might have abided in those catacombs — leaving behind traces of their existence. Only around 3.4 billion years ago did that system of aquifers break down in Hydraotes Chaos, triggering floods of epic proportions that dumped mountains' worth of sediment onto the surface, the study suggests. Future close-up missions could someday examine that sediment for biosignatures... Alexis Rodriguez, a senior scientist at the Planetary Science Institute in Arizona, and his colleagues pored over images of Hydraotes Chaos taken by NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter in search of more clues. In the midst of the chaos terrain's maelstrom lies a calm circle of relatively flat ground. This plain is pockmarked with cones and domes, with hints of mud bubbling from below — suggesting that sediment did not arrive via a rushing flash flood, but instead rose from underneath. Based on simulations, the authors suggest Hydraotes Chaos overlaid a reservoir of buried biosignature-rich water — potentially in the form of thick ice sheets. Ultimately — potentially from the Red Planet's internal heat melting the ice — that water bubbled up to the surface and created a muddy lake. As the water dissipated, it would have left behind all those tantalizing biosignatures. Curiously, that water might have remained underground even after those megafloods. In fact, the authors' results suggest the sediment on the surface of this mud lake dates from only around 1.1 billion years ago: long after most of Mars's groundwater ought to have flooded out, and certainly long after Mars was habitable. With that timeline in mind, Rodriguez and colleagues plan to analyze what lies under the surface of the lake. That, Rodriguez tells Space.com, would allow scientists to establish when in Martian history the planet might have hosted life. Rodriguez tells Space.com that this region is now "under consideration" for testing with an under-development NASA instrument called Extractor for Chemical Analysis of Lipid Biomarkers in Regolith ([142]EXCALIBR) — that could test extraterrestrial rocks for biomarkers like lipids. apply tags__________ 172059363 story [143]Earth [144]'Solar for Renters' Offers Americans Netflix-Style Subscriptions to Clean Energy [145](msn.com) [146]33 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday October 22, 2023 @10:34AM from the power-plays dept. "No roof, no solar power. That has been the dispiriting equation shutting out roughly half of all Americans from plugging into the sun," [147]writes the Washington Post's "Climate Coach" column. "But signing up for solar soon might be as easy as [148]subscribing to Netflix." Scores of new small solar farms that sell clean, local electricity directly to customers are popping up. The setup, dubbed "community solar," is designed to bring solar power to people who don't own their own homes or can't install panels — often at prices below retail electricity rates... [149]At least 22 states have passed legislation encouraging independent community solar projects, but developers are just beginning to expand. Most existing projects are booked. At the moment, community solar projects in the United States generate enough electricity to power about 918,000 homes — less than 1 percent of total households, according to the Solar Energy Industries Association, a nonprofit trade group. But as more states join, and the Environmental Protection Agency's "Solar for All" program pours [150]billions into federal solar power grants, more Americans will get the chance... While projects exist in most states, they [151]are highly concentrated: More than half are in Massachusetts, Minnesota and New York. These might be on a condo roof, or on open land like the [152]10-MW Fresno community solar farm, on a city-owned plot surrounded by agricultural land. Most are small: [153]2 megawatts of capacity on average, about enough to power [154]200 to 400 homes... The renewable energy marketplace [155]EnergySage and the nonprofit [156]Solar United Neighbors connect customers to community solar projects in their region. People generally [157]receive monthly credits for electricity produced by their share of solar panels. These are subtracted from their total electricity bill or credited on future bills... Subscribers on average save about 10 percent on their utility bill (the range is [158]5 percent to 15 percent). These economics are propelling the industry to record heights. Between 2016 and 2019, community solar capacity [159]more than quadrupled to 1.4 gigawatts. By the end of this year, [160]energy research firm Wood Mackenzie estimates, there will be 6 GW of community solar. And the Energy Department [161]wants to see community solar reach 5 million households by 2025. "The economics are strongly on the side of doing this," says Dan Kammen, an energy professor at the University of California at Berkeley. "It's now cheaper to build new solar than to operate old fossil [fuel plants]. ... We're at the takeoff point." The article notes "solar for renters" saves about $100 per year for the [162]average ratepayer (while rooftop solar arrays may save homeowners over [163]$1,000 annually). But according to the article, the arrangement still "reflects a new reality... "Solar energy prices are falling as private and public money, and new laws, are fueling a massive expansion of small-scale community solar projects." apply tags__________ 172071307 story [164]IT [165]Dropbox Returns Over 25% of Its San Francisco HQ to Its Landlord [166](cnbc.com) [167]52 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday October 22, 2023 @07:34AM from the returning-office dept. "Dropbox said Friday that it's agreed to return over one quarter of its San Francisco headquarters to the landlord," [168]reports CNBC, "as the commercial real estate market continues to soften following the Covid pandemic." The article notes that [169]last year Dropbox's accountants declared a $175.2 million "impairment" on the office — a permanent reduction in its value — calling it "a result of adverse changes" in the market. And the year before they announced another $400 million charge "[170]related to real estate assets." Friday CNBC reported: [171]In a filing, Dropbox said it agreed to surrender to its landlord 165,244 square feet of space and pay $79 million in termination fees. Under the amendment to its lease agreement, Dropbox will offload the space over time through the first quarter of 2025. Since going remote during the pandemic three years ago, Dropbox has been trying to figure out what to do with much of the 736,000 square feet of space in Mission Bay it leased in 2017, in what was the largest office lease in the city's history. The company subleased closed to 134,000 square feet of space last year to Vir Biotechnology, leaving it with just over 604,000 square feet... "As we've noted in the past, we've taken steps to de-cost our real estate portfolio as a result of our transition to Virtual First, our operating model in which remote work is the primary experience for our employees, but where we still come together for planned in-person gatherings," a company spokesperson told CNBC in an emailed statement... Dropbox's 2017 lease for the brand new headquarters was for 15 years... "As a result of the amendment the company will avoid future cash payments related to rent and common area maintenance fees of $137 million and approximately $90 million, respectively, over the remaining 10 year lease term," Dropbox said in Friday's filing. A short walk away from Dropbox, Uber has been trying to sublease part of its headquarters. The article also notes that San Francisco's office vacancy rate "stood at 30% in the third quarter, the highest level since at least 2007, according to [172]city data." apply tags__________ 172066037 story [173]Social Networks [174]Online 'Information War' in Africa Rages on Social Media [175](yahoo.com) [176]44 Posted by EditorDavid on Sunday October 22, 2023 @03:34AM from the friend-requests dept. The Washington Post tells the story of a veteran political operative and a former army intelligence officer [177]hired to help keep in power the president of the west African nation Burkina Faso: Their company, Percepto International, was a pioneer in what's known as the disinformation-for-hire business. They were skilled in deceptive tricks of social media, reeling people into an online world comprised of fake journalists, news outlets and everyday citizens whose posts were intended to bolster support for [president Roch Marc] Kaboré's government and undercut its critics. But as Percepto began to survey the online landscape across Burkina Faso and the surrounding French-speaking Sahel region of Africa in 2021, they quickly saw that the local political adversaries and Islamic extremists they had been hired to combat were not Kaboré's biggest adversary. The real threat, they concluded, came from Russia, which was running what appeared to be a wide-ranging disinformation campaign aimed at destabilizing Burkina Faso and other democratically-elected governments on its borders. Pro-Russian fake news sites populated YouTube and pro-Russian groups abounded on Facebook. Local influencers used WhatsApp and Telegram groups to organize pro-Russian demonstrations and praise Russian President Vladimir Putin. Facebook fan pages even hailed the Wagner Group, the Russian paramilitary network run by Yevgeniy Prigozhin, the late one-time Putin ally whose Internet Research Agency launched a disinformation campaign in the United States to influence the 2016 presidential election... Percepto didn't know the full scope of the operation it had uncovered but it warned Kaboré's government that it needed to move fast: Launch a counteroffensive online — or risk getting pushed out in a coup. Three years later, the governments of five former French colonies, [178]including Burkina Faso, have been toppled. The new leaders of two of those countries, Mali and Burkina Faso, are overtly pro-Russian; in a third, Niger, the prime minister installed after a July [179]coup has met recently with the Russian ambassador. In Mali and the [180]Central African Republic, French troops have been replaced with Wagner [181]mercenaries... Percepto's experience in French-speaking Africa offers a rare window into the round-the-clock information warfare that is shaping international politics — and the booming business of disinformation-for-hire. Meta, the social media company that operates Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp, says that since 2017 it has detected more than 200 clandestine influence operations, many of them mercenary campaigns, in 68 countries. The article also makes an interesting point. "The burden of battling disinformation has fallen entirely on Silicon Valley companies." apply tags__________ [182]« Newer [183]Older » Slashdot Top Deals Slashdot Top Deals [184]Slashdot Deals Slashdot Poll What's your favorite machine to play games on? (*) Xbox ( ) PlayStation ( ) Nintendo ( ) PC ( ) Smartphone (BUTTON) vote now [185]Read the 86 comments | 24036 votes Looks like someone has already voted from this IP. If you would like to vote please login and try again. 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