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Voice of America content is produced by the Voice of America, a United States federal government-sponsored entity, and is in the public domain. #[1]VOA - Top Stories [RSS] IFRAME: [2]https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-N8MP7P analytics Accessibility links * [3]Skip to main content * [4]Skip to main Navigation * [5]Skip to Search (Submit) Next (Submit) Close (Submit) Previous (Submit) Next please wait Link has been copied to clipboard [_] * [6]Home * [_] United States [7]U.S. News [8]All About America [9]Silicon Valley & Technology [10]Immigration * [_] World [11]Africa [12]The Americas [13]East Asia [14]Europe [15]Middle East [16]South & Central Asia * [17]Ukraine * [18]Press Freedom * [19]COVID-19 Pandemic * [20]China * [21]Iran * [22]Broadcast Programs Follow Us [23]Languages [_] Search ____________________ (Submit) [24]site logo site logo Search ____________________ (Submit) site logo site logo [25]Previous [26]Next [_] Breaking News Native Americans May 21, 2023 * [27]Associated Press In Cannes, Scorsese and Dicaprio Turn Spotlight Toward Osage Nation From left, Yancey Red Corn, Chief Standing Bear and Leonardo DiCaprio pose for photographers at the premiere of the film 'Killers of the Flower Moon' at the 76th Cannes international film festival, in Cannes, southern France, May 20, 2023. From left, Yancey Red Corn, Chief Standing Bear and Leonardo DiCaprio pose for photographers at the premiere of the film 'Killers of the Flower Moon' at the 76th Cannes international film festival, in Cannes, southern France, May 20, 2023. [_] (Submit) (Submit) Cannes, France -- It was well into the process of making "Killers of the Flower Moon" that Martin Scorsese realized it wasn't a detective story. Scorsese, actor Leonardo DiCaprio and screenwriter Eric Roth had many potential avenues in adapting David Grann's expansive nonfiction history, "Killers of the Flower Moon: The Osage Murders and the Birth of the FBI." The film that Scorsese and company premiered Saturday at the Cannes Film Festival, however, wasn't like the one they initially set out to make. The film, which will open in theaters in October, chronicles the series of killings that took place throughout the Osage Nation in 1920s Oklahoma. The Osage were then enormously rich from oil on their land, and many white barons and gangsters alike sought to control and steal their money. Dozens of Osage Native Americans were killed before the FBI, in its infancy, began to investigate. DiCaprio had originally been cast to star as FBI agent Tom White. But after mulling the project over, Scorsese decided to pivot. "I said, 'I think the audience is ahead of us,'" Scorsese told reporters Sunday in Cannes. "They know it's not a whodunit. It's a who-didn't-do-it." The shift, filmmakers said, was largely driven from collaboration with the Osage. Osage Nation Chief Standing Bear, who consulted on the film, praised the filmmakers for centering the story instead on Mollie (Lily Gladstone) and her husband Ernest Burkhart (DiCaprio), the tragic romance at the heart of Scorsese's epic of insidious American ethnic exploitation. "Early on, I asked Mr. Scorsese, 'How are you going to approach the story? He said I'm going to tell a story about trust, trust between Mollie and Ernest, trust between the outside world and the Osage, and the betrayal of those trusts," said Chief Standing Bear. "My people suffered greatly and to this very day those effects are with us. But I can say on behalf of the Osage, Marty Scorsese and his team have restored trust and we know that trust will not be betrayed." "Killers of the Flower Moon," the most anticipated film to debut at this year's Cannes, instead became about Ernest, who Scorsese called "the character the least is written about." DiCaprio, who ceded the character of White to Jesse Plemons, said "Killers of the Flower Moon" reverberates with other only recently widely discussed dark chapters of American history. "This story, much like the Tulsa massacre, has been something that people have started to learn about and started to understand is part of culture, part of our history," said DiCaprio. "After the screenplay, from almost an anthropological perspective -- Marty was there every day -- we were talking to the community, trying to hear the real stories and trying to incorporate the truth." "Killers of the Flower Moon" premiered Saturday to largely rave reviews and thunderous applause nearly 50 years after Scorsese, as a young filmmaker, was a sensation at Cannes. His "Taxi Driver" won the Palme d'Or in 1976. Among the most-praised performances has been that of Gladstone, the actor of Blackfeet and NimÃipuu heritage. "These artistic souls on this stage here cared about telling a story that pierces the veil of what society tells us we're supposed to care about and not," said Gladstone, who singled out Scorsese. "Who else is going to challenge people to challenge their own complicity in white supremacy in such a platform except as this man here?" "We're speaking of the 1920s Osage community. We're talking about Black Wall Street and Tulsa. We're talking about a lot in our film," she continued. "Why the hell does the world not know about these things? Our communities always have. It's so central to everything about how we understand our place in the world." In the film, Robert De Niro plays a wealthy baron who's particularly adept at plundering the Osage. Speaking Sunday, De Niro was still mulling his character's motivations. "There's a kind of feeling of entitlement," said De Niro. "It's the banality of evil. It's the thing that we have to watch out for. We see it today, of course. We all know who I'm going to talk about, but I won't say the name. Because that guy is stupid. Imagine if you're smart?" A minute later, De Niro resumed: "I mean, look at Trump," referring to former President Donald Trump. With a running time well over three hours and a budget from Apple of $200 million, "Killers of the Flower Moon" is one of Scorsese's largest undertakings. Asked where he gets the gumption for such risks, the 80-year-old director didn't hesitate. "As far as taking risks at this age, what else can I do?" said Scorsese. "'No, let's go do something comfortable.' Are you kidding?" [28]Read more * * * ____________________ (text) * * See all News Updates of the Day May 20, 2023 * [29]Associated Press At Graduations, Native American Students Seek Acceptance of Tribal Regalia FILE - Amryn Tom graduates from Cedar City High School on Wednesday, May 25, 2022, in Cedar City, Utah. FILE - Amryn Tom graduates from Cedar City High School on Wednesday, May 25, 2022, in Cedar City, Utah. [_] (Submit) (Submit) When Kamryn Yanchick graduated, she hoped to decorate her cap with a beaded pattern in honor of her Indigenous heritage. Whether she could was up to her Oklahoma high school. Administrators told her no. Yanchick settled for beaded earrings to represent her Native American identity at her 2018 graduation. A bill vetoed earlier this month by Oklahoma Gov. Kevin Stitt, a Republican, would have allowed public school students to wear feathers, beaded caps, stoles or other objects of cultural and religious significance. Yanchick, a citizen of the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma and descendent of the Muscogee Nation, said she hopes the legislature tries again. Being able to "unapologetically express yourself and take pride in your culture at a celebration without having to ask a non-Native person for permission to do so is really significant," said Yanchick, who now works for the American Civil Liberties Union of Oklahoma. For Native American students, tribal regalia is often passed down through generations and worn at graduations to signify connection with the community. Disputes over such attire have spurred laws making it illegal to prevent Indigenous students from wearing regalia in nearly a dozen states including Arizona, Oregon, South Dakota, North Dakota and Washington. FILE - Amryn Tom reacts after graduating from Cedar City High School on Wednesday, May 25, 2022, in Cedar City, Utah. FILE - Amryn Tom reacts after graduating from Cedar City High School on Wednesday, May 25, 2022, in Cedar City, Utah. High schools, which often favor uniformity at commencement ceremonies, take a range of approaches toward policing sashes, flower leis and other forms of self-expression. Advocates argue the laws are needed to avoid leaving it up to individual administrators. Groups like the Native American Rights Fund hear regularly from students blocked from wearing eagle feathers or other regalia. This week in Oklahoma, a Native American high school graduate sued a school district, claiming she was forced her to remove a feather from her cap at a ceremony last spring. When Jade Roberson graduated from Edmond Santa Fe High School, the same school attended by Yanchick, she would have liked to wear a beaded cap and a large turquoise necklace above her gown. But it didn't seem worth asking. She said a friend was only able to wear an eagle feather because he spoke with several counselors, consulted the principal and received a letter from the Cherokee Nation on the feather's significance. "It was such a hassle for him that my friends and I decided to just wear things under our gown," said Roberson, who is of Navajo descent. "I think it is such a metaphor for what it is like to be Native." When Adriana Redbird graduates this week from Sovereign Community School, a charter school in Oklahoma City that allows regalia, she plans to wear a beaded cap and feather given by her father to signify her achievements. "To pay tribute and take a small part of our culture and bring that with us on graduation day is meaningful," she said. In his veto message, Stitt said allowing students to wear tribal regalia should be up to individual districts. He said the proposal could also lead other groups to "demand special favor to wear whatever they please" at graduations. The bill's author, Republican state Rep. Trey Caldwell, represents a district in southwest Oklahoma that includes lands once controlled by Kiowa, Apache and Comanche tribes. "It's just the right thing to do, especially with so much of Native American culture so centered around right of passage, becoming a man, becoming an adult," he said. FILE - The Canyon View High School graduation is shown Wednesday, May 25, 2022, in Cedar City, Utah. FILE - The Canyon View High School graduation is shown Wednesday, May 25, 2022, in Cedar City, Utah. Several tribal nations have called for an override of the veto. Cherokee Nation Principal Chief Chuck Hoskin said the bill would have helped foster a sense of pride among Native American students. Muscogee Nation Principal Chief David Hill said students who "choose to express the culture and heritage of their respective Nations" are honoring their identity. It means a lot that the bill was able to garner support and make it to the governor, Yanchick said, but she wishes it wasn't so controversial. "Native American students shouldn't have to be forced to be activists to express themselves or feel celebrated," she said. [30]Read more * * * ____________________ (text) * * May 13, 2023 * [31]Cecily Hilleary Native American News Roundup May 7-13, 2023 In this 2020 image taken from video, UC Berkeley associate professor Elizabeth Hoover conducts an interview with Indian Country Today. Indian Country Today via AP) In this 2020 image taken from video, UC Berkeley associate professor Elizabeth Hoover conducts an interview with Indian Country Today. Indian Country Today via AP) [_] (Submit) (Submit) Here are some Native American-related news stories that made headlines this week: California professor confesses she is 'a white person,' not Native Native Americans and non-Native allies are expressing outrage over a University of California Berkeley professor who has admitted she has no Mohawk or Mi'kmaq ancestry. Associate professor Elizabeth Hoover posted a "[32]Letter of Accountability and Apology" on her website Monday, admitting she is "a white person who has incorrectly identified as Native" her entire life. She said she did not knowingly falsify her heritage but relied on family lore which she did not try to verify until 2022, when questions were raised about her identity. "I have brought hurt, harm, and broken trust to the Native community at large, and to specific Native communities I have worked with and lived alongside, and for that, I am deeply sorry," Hoover stated. More than 380 students and educators have signed a statement calling for Hoover to resign from "all positions on boards and advisory committees and all grants, speaking engagements, and other paid opportunities she obtained with her false identity." UC Berkeley spokesperson [33]Janet Gilmore did not comment on what, if any, disciplinary action the university would take. As [34]VOA previously reported, Native and First Nations scholars say colleges and universities are "overrun" by academicians who falsely claim Indigenous identity. They not only rob legitimate Indigenous scholars of opportunities but inform public policy. Read [35]more: Detail of handscroll by Xia Gui (active c. 1180-1224) from the collection of the National Palace Museum, Taipei Detail of handscroll by Xia Gui (active c. 1180-1224) from the collection of the National Palace Museum, Taipei Study: Early humans in North America migrated from China New research from China suggests that some ancient humans migrated to the Americas from northern coastal China in the region of the Bohai and Yellow seas. Scientists examined modern and ancient mitochondrial DNA to trace a rare female lineage. They found 216 modern-day and 39 ancient individuals who share that prehistoric ancestry. Map of Bohai and Yellow Sea region in northern coastal China. Map of Bohai and Yellow Sea region in northern coastal China. "In addition to previously described ancestral sources in Siberia, Australo-Melanesia, and Southeast Asia, we show that northern coastal China also contributed to the gene pool of Native Americans," Yu-Chin Li, a molecular anthropologist at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said in [36]a statement. The research published this week in Cell Reports shows two separate migrations between China, Japan and North America during and after the Ice Age. Researchers say this would explain similarities between prehistoric arrowheads and spearheads found in China, Japan and the Americas. Read [37]more: Photo of uniformed Native American students, priest and nuns at St. Labre Indian school in Montana. Courtesy Montana Historical Society. Photo of uniformed Native American students, priest and nuns at St. Labre Indian school in Montana. Courtesy Montana Historical Society. Catholic groups ran nearly 90 Indian boarding schools in US An independent collaboration of native tribe and Catholic Church members, historians and archivists this week published a list of Indian boarding schools that were run by the Catholic Church. The Catholic Native Boarding School Accountability and Healing Project published an online list showing that Catholic dioceses, parishes and religious orders established and operated schools across 22 states; the majority were run by Catholic sisters representing 53 religious orders. "We are under no pretense that our list is complete," the group said. "We have done our best to offer the most accurate information possible, but we also anticipate future revisions as additional information is obtained." The list expands and corrects a May 2022 U.S. Interior Department report that followed a nine-month probe into federal Indian boarding schools. The federal government once regarded Christianization to be key to assimilating Native Americans into mainstream American society. The Catholic Church was one of more than 14 denominations of Christians that ran Indian boarding schools between the 1820s and 1970s. Read [38]more: FILE - A woman walks in Toksook Bay, Alaska, a mostly Yup'ik village on the edge of the Bering Sea, Jan. 20, 2020. A judge ruled in favor of tribal nations in a bid to keep Alaska Native corporations from getting part of $8 billion in COVID relief funding FILE - A woman walks in Toksook Bay, Alaska, a mostly Yup'ik village on the edge of the Bering Sea, Jan. 20, 2020. A judge ruled in favor of tribal nations in a bid to keep Alaska Native corporations from getting part of $8 billion in COVID relief funding Alaska Federation of Native loses two of its largest members The Alaska Federation of Natives (AFN) lost two members this week, sparking concerns about the future of an organization that represents the interests of more than 200 tribes and corporations in Alaska. The Central Council of the Tlingit & Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska, the largest federally recognized tribe in the state, announced Monday it would withdraw from the federation and pursue its political interests independently. "The truth of the matter is our Executive Council has diverse areas of expertise and this has been a true strength in the governance of our Tribe," Tlingit and Haida President Richard Chalyee Eesh Peterson said in a [39]written statement Monday. Separately, the Tanana Chiefs Conference (TCC) also decided to quit the AFN. "Over the past few years, over 40 resolutions were passed by the full board at AFN that support a subsistence way of life, but no significant action has been taken on those directives," the group said on its [40]website. TCC represents 39 villages and 37 federally recognized tribes across more than 608,000 square kilometers (235,000 square miles). Since 2019, five organizations have withdrawn their AFN memberships. Read [41]more: [42]Read more * * * ____________________ (text) * * May 06, 2023 * [43]Cecily Hilleary Native American News Roundup April 30-May 6, 2023 Dayne Hudson, a member of the Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah, walks with his eagle feather fan during the Canyon View High School graduation on May 22, 2022 in Cedar City, Utah. AP/Rick Bowmer Dayne Hudson, a member of the Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah, walks with his eagle feather fan during the Canyon View High School graduation on May 22, 2022 in Cedar City, Utah. AP/Rick Bowmer [_] (Submit) (Submit) Here are some of Native American-related news stories that made headlines this week: Oklahoma's Cherokee governor vetoes Native regalia bill Oklahoma Governor Kevin Stitt this week vetoed a bill that would have allowed Native American students to wear tribal regalia during graduation ceremonies. [44]Senate Bill 429, which passed both the Oklahoma House and Senate, defined regalia as clothing, jewelry, feathers, stoles and "similar objects of cultural and religious significance." Stitt, a citizen of the Cherokee Nation whose ancestry has been previously challenged, vetoed the bill on Monday, saying schools had the right to determine their own dress codes. "In other words, if schools want to allow their students to wear tribal regalia at graduation, good on them; but if schools prefer for their students to wear only traditional cap and gown, the Legislature shouldn't stand in their way," he said in his [45]veto message. Native American Rights Fund Deputy Director [46]Matthew Campbell said that wearing feathers and regalia is "already a protected religious freedom for Native students." He added, "Unfortunately, Governor Stitt's veto sends a message to Native students that in Oklahoma, Native students must choose between their culture and religious freedoms and celebrating their achievements." Cherokee Principal Chief Chuck Hoskins joined Choctaw Nation Chief Gary Batton in urging lawmakers to "quickly override" the veto. Family members of missing and murdered Indigenous women participate in a "wiping away of tears" ceremony in Helena, Montana, May 5, 2021. Family members of missing and murdered Indigenous women participate in a "wiping away of tears" ceremony in Helena, Montana, May 5, 2021. Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act The Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013 included a provision allowing "special domestic violence criminal jurisdiction" (SDVCJ) over non-Indian offenders committing domestic violence or dating violence on tribal land. Prior to this, tribes did not have jurisdiction over non-Native offenders on tribal lands. Currently, more than 30 tribes exercise SDVCJ, and under the 2022 reauthorization of the act, can now be reimbursed for the costs involved in prosecuting these cases. That reauthorization, also known as VAWA 2022, expanded the types of cases these tribes may prosecute to include sexual violence, sex trafficking, stalking, child violence, assault of tribal justice personnel and obstruction of justice. "Tribes know best what their communities need, so I encourage tribal leaders, community members, and survivors to review this regulation for the Tribal Jurisdiction Reimbursement Program. It is critical that programs serving tribal communities are informed by tribal voices," said [47]Allison Randall, acting director of the Justice Department's Office of Violence Against Women "We are dedicated to removing barriers to access, and it is a victory that VAWA 2022 allows us to continue the Tribal Jurisdiction Program, as well as reimburse expenses incurred as a result of implementation." The interim final rule on reimbursements was published April 11. The public has until June 12 to comment. Read [48]more: Oilfield trucks drive along the road that leads toward Chaco Culture National Historical Park in northwestern New Mexico on Monday, Nov. 22, 2021. Navajo allottees say their livelihoods depend on oil and gas development. Oilfield trucks drive along the road that leads toward Chaco Culture National Historical Park in northwestern New Mexico on Monday, Nov. 22, 2021. Navajo allottees say their livelihoods depend on oil and gas development. Navajo Nation rejects Biden proposed ban on mineral leasing near Chaco The Navajo Nation this week approved a resolution opposing the Biden administration's proposed ban on oil and gas drilling on federal lands in and around New Mexico's Chaco Canyon. U.S. Interior Department Secretary Deb Haaland announced in November 2022 a 20-year moratorium on mineral leasing within a 16-kilometer buffer zone around the site. "Chaco Canyon is a sacred place that holds deep meaning for the Indigenous peoples whose ancestors lived, worked and thrived in that high desert community," Haaland said at the time. "Now is the time to consider more enduring protections '¦ so that we can pass on this rich cultural legacy to future generations." Navajo leadership opposes the plan, cautioning President Biden that it could have a "devastating impact" on thousands of Navajo land allottees who depend on oil and gas royalties for their livelihoods. At the time, the Nation suggested reducing the buffer zone around the canyon to 8 kilometers. The [49]resolution signed this week opposes any buffer zone whatsoever. Quannah Chasinghorse attends the Met Gala, an annual fundraising gala held for the benefit of the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Costume Institute honoring late designer Karl Lagerfeld, May 1, 2023. REUTERS/Andrew Kelly Quannah Chasinghorse attends the Met Gala, an annual fundraising gala held for the benefit of the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Costume Institute honoring late designer Karl Lagerfeld, May 1, 2023. REUTERS/Andrew Kelly Quannah Chasinghorse at 2023 Met Gala Han Gwich'in and Oglala Lakota activist and model Quannah Chasinghorse was among the celebrities wearing pink at this year's Metropolitan Museum of Art gala on Monday, which honored controversial fashion designer Karl Lagerfeld who died in 2019. Many media outlets were quick to interpret this as a subtle jab at the designer, who notoriously hated pink. "Think pink," he is quoted as saying, "but never wear it." Lagerfeld was famous for his scathing remarks against [50]overweight people, "[51]ugly people," the [52]#MeToo movement and [53]Syrian immigrants. He appropriated Native American imagery and stereotypes in a 2013 fashion show. Whether Chasinghorse wore pink to mock the designer is unclear, especially considering remarks she made ahead of the event. "I feel that Karl Lagerfeld was really good at bringing people in and showing the beauty within them," she told [54]Bazaar magazine. "I think it is beautiful to see that throughout his legacy, he has been able to uplift people and where they come from." Swinomish and Tulalip photographer Matika Wilbur appears at a book signing event at the Elliott Bay Book Company in Seattle, Wa., Friday, April 28, 2023. Swinomish and Tulalip photographer Matika Wilbur appears at a book signing event at the Elliott Bay Book Company in Seattle, Wa., Friday, April 28, 2023. Native American photographer tells Indigenous tribes' stories Ten years ago, Native American photographer and documentarian Matika Wilbur, a member of the Swinomish and Tulalip tribes in the State of Washington, set off to photograph what were at the time 562 federally recognized Indigenous tribes in the U.S. VOA reporter Natasha Mozgovaya caught up with Wilbur in Seattle to discuss her new book, "Project 562: Changing the Way We See Native America." Native American Photographer Tells Indigenous Tribes' Stories please wait Embed share [55]Native American Photographer Tells Indigenous Tribes' Stories Embed share The code has been copied to your clipboard. ____________________ __________________________________________________________________ width ____________________ px height ____________________ px * [56]Share on Facebook * [57]Share on Twitter * * __________________________________________________________________ The URL has been copied to your clipboard ____________________ No media source currently available 0:00 0:02:58 (BUTTON) 0:00 (BUTTON) Download * [58]240p | 8.5MB * [59]360p | 13.9MB * [60]480p | 25.0MB * [61]720p | 45.5MB * [62]1080p | 75.8MB [63]Read more * * * ____________________ (text) * * May 05, 2023 * [64]Associated Press Berkeley Professor Apologizes for False Indigenous Identity In this 2020 image taken from video, Elizabeth Hoover, UC Berkeley associate professor of environmental science, policy and management, conducts an interview with Indian Country Today. In this 2020 image taken from video, Elizabeth Hoover, UC Berkeley associate professor of environmental science, policy and management, conducts an interview with Indian Country Today. [_] (Submit) (Submit) An anthropology professor at the University of California, Berkeley, whose identity as Native American had been questioned for years apologized this week for falsely identifying as Indigenous, saying she is "a white person" who lived an identity based on family lore. Elizabeth Hoover, associate professor of environmental science, policy and management, said in an apology posted Monday on her website that she claimed an identity as a woman of Mohawk and Mi'kmaq descent but never confirmed that identity with those communities or researched her ancestry until recently. "I caused harm," Hoover wrote. "I hurt Native people who have been my friends, colleagues, students, and family, both directly through fractured trust and through activating historical harms. This hurt has also interrupted student and faculty life and careers. I acknowledge that I could have prevented all of this hurt by investigating and confirming my family stories sooner. For this, I am deeply sorry." Hoover's alleged Indigenous roots came into question in 2021 after her name appeared on an "Alleged Pretendian List." The list compiled by Jacqueline Keeler, a Native American writer and activist, includes more than 200 names of people Keeler says are falsely claiming Native heritage. Hoover first addressed doubts about her ethnic identity last year when she said in an October post on her website that she had conducted genealogical research and found "no records of tribal citizenship for any of my family members in the tribal databases that were accessed." Her statement caused an uproar, and some of her former students authored a letter in November demanding her resignation. The letter was signed by hundreds of students and scholars from UC Berkeley and other universities along with members of Native American communities. It also called for her to apologize, stop identifying as Indigenous and acknowledge she had caused harm, among other demands. "As scholars embedded in the kinship networks of our communities, we find Hoover's repeated attempts to differentiate herself from settlers with similar stories and her claims of having lived experience as an Indigenous person by dancing at powwows absolutely appalling," the letter reads. Janet Gilmore, a UC Berkeley spokesperson, said in a statement she couldn't comment on whether Hoover faces disciplinary action, saying discussing it would violate "personnel matters and/or violate privacy rights, both of which are protected by law." "However, we are aware of and support ongoing efforts to achieve restorative justice in a way that acknowledges and addresses the extent to which this matter has caused harm and upset among members of our community," Gilmore added. Hoover is the latest person to apologize for falsely claiming a racial or ethnic identity. U.S. Sen. Elizabeth Warren angered many Native Americans during her presidential campaign in 2018 when she used the results of a DNA test to try and rebut the ridicule of then-President Donald Trump, who had derisively referred to her as "fake Pocahontas." Despite the DNA results, which showed some evidence of a Native American in Warren's lineage, probably six to 10 generations ago, Warren is not a member of any tribe, and DNA tests are not typically used as evidence to determine tribal citizenship. Warren later offered a public apology at a forum on Native American issues, saying she was "sorry for the harm I have caused." In 2015, Rachel Dolezal was fired as head of the Spokane, Washington, chapter of the NAACP and was kicked off a police ombudsman commission after her parents told local media their daughter was born white but was presenting herself as Black. She also lost her job teaching African studies at Eastern Washington University in nearby Cheney. Hoover said her identity was challenged after she began her first assistant professor job. She began teaching at UC Berkeley in the fall of 2020. "At the time, I interpreted inquiries into the validity of my Native identity as petty jealousy or people just looking to interfere in my life," she wrote. Hoover said that she grew up in rural upstate New York thinking she was someone of mixed Mohawk, Mi'kmaq, French, English, Irish and German descent, and attending food summits and powwows. Her mother shared stories about her grandmother being a Mohawk woman who married an abusive French-Canadian man and who died by suicide, leaving her children behind to be raised by someone else. She said she would no longer identify as Indigenous but would continue to help with food sovereignty and environmental justice movements in Native communities that ask her for her support. In her apology issued Monday, Hoover acknowledged she benefited from programs and funding that were geared toward Native scholars and said she is committed to engaging in the restorative justice process taking place on campus, "as well as supporting restorative justice processes in other circles I have been involved with, where my participation is invited." 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