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\title{ÏµÍ³ÉèÖÃ-HOWTO}
\author{×÷Õß£ºGuido Gonzato,
\nameurl{guido ``at'' ibogeo.df.unibo.it}{}\\ 
£¨ÒëÕß£ºÕÔÆ½Íû  tchao@worldnet.att.net£©}
\date{v1.3.7£¬ 1999Äê9ÔÂ6ÈÕ·­ÒëÈÕÆÚ£º2000Äê1ÔÂ1ÈÕ}
\abstract{      ±àÐ´±¾ÎÄµÄÄ¿µÄÊÇÒªÊ¹ÄúÄÜ¸ü¿ì¡¢¸üÈÝÒ×µØµ÷ÊÔ¸Õ°²×°ºÃµÄ Linux ÏµÍ³¡£ÎÄÄÚ¸½ÓÐÒ»Ð©×î³£ÓÃµÄÓ¦ÓÃÈí¼þµÄÉèÖÃ°ì·¨¡£}


\begin{document}
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\section{µ¼ÑÔ\label{µ¼ÑÔ}}






\subsection{ÎªÊ²÷áÒª±àÐ´Õâ·Ý HOWTO}

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\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


´ËÍâ£¬{\ttfamily mzip}Ö¸ÁîÒ²¿ÉÓÃÓÚµ¯³ö¡¢²éÑ¯»ú¿ö¡¢¶ÁÐ´ºÍ¸½¼ÓÃÜÂëÓÚ Zip ´ÅÆ¬£»ÏêÇéÇë²éÔÄ{\ttfamily man mzip}¡£ Mtools µÄÍøÖ·ÔÚ\nameurl{http:// Linux .wauug.org/pub/knaff/mtools}{}¡£




\subsection{Éè±¸Çý¶¯³ÌÐò}

ÁÐÔÚ{\ttfamily /dev}ÖÐ£¨»òÁ¬½Óµ½Êµ¼ÊÉè±¸Çý¶¯³ÌÐò£©µÄÉè±¸¿ÉÄÜ²¢²»È·ÇÐ¡£¼ì²é»¬Êó¡¢Êý¾Ý»úºÍ¹âµúÇý¶¯³ÌÐò¶ÔÓ¦µÄÉè±¸ÎªºÎ£¬È»áá×÷³öÏÂÁÐÉè¶¨£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
/dev# ln -s ttyS0 mouse; ln -s ttyS1 modem; ln -s hdb cdrom; ln -s sda4 zip
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}

ÔÚ¶àÊý±Ê¼Ç±¾µçÄÔÉÏ£¬Êó±êµÄÉèÖÃÊÇ\url{/dev/psaux}£ºÔÚÉèÖÃ X11 Ê±Ó¦½«´ËÁÐÈë¿¼ÂÇ¡£

²»·Á½«ÕâÐ©ÉèÖÃ¶¼Í¨¹ý {\ttfamily chmod 666} ¸Ä±äÊôÐÔ£¬Ê¹ËùÓÐÊ¹ÓÃÕß¾ù¿ÉÊ¹ÓÃÕâÐ©Éè±¸¡£






\subsection{Éù¿¨}



ÎÒÖ»ÓÐÒ»ÕÅ¾ÉÉù¿¨ Sound Blaster 16£»¼´Ê¹ÄúµÄÉù¿¨ÓëÎÒµÄ²»Í¬£¬²»¹ýÏÂÁÐ·½·¨Ò²¿ÉÒýµ¼ÄúÈçºÎÉèÖÃÉù¿¨¡£

ÎÒ½«Éù¿¨µÄÇý¶¯³ÌÐò×÷ÎªÄ£×é({\ttfamily sb.o})±àÈëÄÚºË¡£È»áá½«ÏÂÁÐÄÚÈÝÁÐÈë\url{/etc/conf.modules}£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
options sb io=0x220 irq=5 dma=1 dma16=5 mpu_io=0x330
alias sound sb
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


ÒªÆô¶¯Éù¿¨£¬Ê×ÏÈÔËÐÐ{\ttfamily modprobe sound}£¬»òÕßÊ¹ÓÃ RedHat µÄ¹¤¾ß{\ttfamily sndconfig}¡£




\subsection{µÇÂ¼ÐÅÏ¢}

ÈçÒª×ÔÉèµÇÂ¼ÐÅÏ¢£¬Ê×ÏÈ¼ì²é\url{/etc/rc.d/rc.local}ÊÇ·ñ¸²¸Ç\url{/etc/issue}ºÍ\url{/etc/motd}µÄÄÚÈÝ¡££¨RedHat ¸²¸ÇÄÚÈÝ£©ÈçÊô¿Ï¶¨£¬Çë´ò¿ªÎÄ±¾±à¼­Æ÷¡£

ÈçÒªÊ¹µÇÂ¼ÐÅÏ¢´øÓÐÑÕÉ«£¬¿ÉÔÚ{\ttfamily rc.local}ÖÐÁÐÈëÏÂÁÐÄÚÈÝ£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
# put a real escape character instead of ^[. To do this:
# emacs: ^Q ESC   vi: ^V ESC   joe:  ` 0 2 7   jed: ` ESC
ESC="^["  # a real escape character
BLUE="$ESC[44;37m"
NORMAL="$ESC[40;37m"
CLEAR="$ESC[H$ESC[J"

> /etc/issue
echo "$CLEAR" >> /etc/issue
echo "$BLUE   Welcome to MyServer (192.168.1.1)   " >> /etc/issue
echo "$NORMAL " >> /etc/issue
echo "" >> /etc/issue
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}





\subsection{Ö÷»úÃû³Æ \label{Hostname}}

Ö»ÔËÐÐ{\ttfamily hostname new\_host\_name}Ö¸ÁîÒ²Ðí²»¹»¡£Òª½â¾ö{\ttfamily sendmail}ËÀ»úµÄÎÊÌâ£¬¿É²ÉÓÃÏÂÁÐ²½Öè£¨Ö»ÊÊÓÃÓÚµ¥»ú£©£º

\begin{itemize}
\item  ±à¼­\url{/etc/sysconfig/network}ºÍ¸Ä±äÆäÖÐµÄÖ÷»úÃû³Æ£¨ÀýÈç{\ttfamily new\_host\_name.localdomain}£©£»
\item  ÏàÓ¦µØ±à¼­\url{/etc/HOSTNAME}£»
\item  ½«ÐÂ»úÃû±àÈë\url{/etc/hosts}£»
\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
127.0.0.1       localhost  new_host_name.locadomain
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}

\end{itemize}





\subsection{»¬Êó£¨Mouse£©}



{\ttfamily gpm} µÄ»¬Êó¹¦ÄÜ¶ÔÔÚÖ÷¿ØÌ¨½øÐÐ¼ôÌùÖÁÎªÓÐÓÃ£¬Ò²¿ÉÔÚÒ»Ð©Ó¦ÓÃÖÐÊ¹ÓÃ»¬Êó¡£ÔÚ Red Hat ÏµÍ³ÖÐ£¬¼ì²éÓÐ·ñÒ»¸ö³ÆÎª{\ttfamily /etc/sysconfig/mouse} µÄÎÄµµ£¬ÄÚÈÝÈçÏÂ£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
MOUSETYPE="Microsoft"
XEMU3=yes
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


´ËÍâ£¬»¹µÃÓÐÒ»¸ö{\ttfamily /etc/rc.d/init.d/gpm}µµ£¬ÆäÖÐ»¹¿ÉÉè¶¨Ò»Ð©Ö¸Áî¡£ÎÒÉè¶¨µÄÖ¸ÁîÈçÏÂ£º
\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
...
       daemon gpm -t $MOUSETYPE -d 2 -a 5 -B 132 # two-button mouse -- Ë«°´Å¥»¬Êó
...
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


ÏÔ¶øÒ×¼û£¬ÆäÖÐÉèÖÃµ±È»µÃÓë»¬ÊóµÄÀàÐÍÏà·û¡£ÔÚ¶àÊý±Ê¼ÇÐÍÐÍµçÄÔÖÐ£¬ {\ttfamily MOUSETYPE} Ó¦ÉèÎª {\ttfamily ¡°PS/2¡±}¡£

ÔÚCalderaÏµÍ³ÖÐ£¬Ö»ÒªÔÚ\url{/etc/rc.d/rc.boot}ÖÐ¼ÓÈë´ËÐÐ¼´¿É£º
\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
/usr/bin/gpm
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


ÔÚS.u.S.E.ÖÐ£¬ÔÚ\url{/etc/rc.config}ÖÐ¼ÓÈë{\ttfamily gpm}²¿·Ö£»ÔÚDebianÏµÍ³ÖÐ£¬ÔòÐèÐÞ¸Ä
\url{/etc/gpm.conf}¡£

Èç¹ûÏ²»¶ÓÃCtrl°´Å¥Ê¹ÓÃÖ÷¿ØÌ¨µÄ²Ëµ¥£¬ÔòÐèÉèÖÃ{\ttfamily gpm-root}¡£ÐÞ¸Ä
\url{/etc/gpm-root.conf}ÖÐµÄÔ¤Éè²Ëµ¥£¬È»áá´Ó\url{/etc/rc.d/rc.local}Æô¶¯
{\ttfamily gpm-root}¡£




\subsection{¼ÓÔØÎ»ÖÃ£¨Mount Points£©}



Îª·½±ãÊ¹ÓÃ£¬Ó¦¶ÔÈíÅÌ¡¢ÆäËûÉè±¸ºÍNFSµÄÊä³öÄ¿Â¼Éè¶¨¼ÓÔØÎ»ÖÃ¡£ÀýÈç£¬¿É²ÉÓÃÏÂÁÐ°ì·¨£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
/mnt# mkdir floppy; mkdir cdrom; mkdir win; mkdir zip; mkdir server
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


´ËÐÐÉè¶¨ÁË DOS/Win ÈíÅÌ£¨ext2´ÅÆ¬£©¡¢CD-ROM¡¢Windows ·Ö¸îÇø¡¢Æ½ÐÐ¿Ú Zip Çý¶¯Æ÷ºÍ NFS Ä¿Â¼µÄ¼ÓÔØÎ»ÖÃ¡£

È»ááÐÞ¸Ä {\ttfamily /etc/fstab} µµ£¬²¢Ôö¼ÓÏÂÁÐÄÚÈÝ£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
/dev/fd0        /mnt/floppy     auto            user,noauto 0 1
/dev/cdrom      /mnt/cdrom      iso9660         ro,user,noauto 0 1
/dev/zip        /mnt/zip        vfat            user,noauto,exec 0 1
/dev/hda1       /mnt/win        vfat            user,noauto 0 1
server:/export  /mnt/server     nfs             defaults
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


ÏÔ¶øÒ×¼û£¬µÚÒ»À¸±ØÐëÊ¹ÓÃÕýÈ·µÄÉè±¸Ãû³Æ¡£×î½ü·¢±íµÄÄÚºËÒÑ¾­Ö§³Ö fat32£»ÒÔÇ°µÄÄÚºËÐèÒªÐÞ²¹¡£ÐÞ²¹Èí¼þ¿É´Ó\nameurl{http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/people/chaffee/fat32.html}{}È¡µÃ¡£ÓÐ¹ØÕâ·½ÃæµÄ½øÒ»²½×ÊÁÏ£¬¿É²éÑ¯
{\ttfamily man mount}¡£

×¢ÒâµÚÒ»ÐÐÖÐµÄ¡°auto¡±ÎÄµµÏµÍ³¸ñÊ½£»Õâ±íÊ¾¿É¼ÓÔØ ext2 ºÍ vfat£¨DOS/Windows£©Á½ÖÖÏµÍ³¸ñÊ½ÖÆ×÷µÄ´ÅÆ¬¡£{\ttfamily mtools}Ò²ÊÇÏàµ±ºÃÓÃµÄ¹¤¾ß¡£




\subsection{lilo(8) ºÍ LOADLIN.EXE}



Ðí¶àÊ¹ÓÃÕßÔÚµçÄÔÉÏÍ¬Ê±ÔËÐÐ Linux ºÍ DOS/Windows Á½Ì×²Ù×÷ÏµÍ³£¬²¢ÔÚ¿ª»úÊ±Ñ¡ÓÃÆäÖÐÖ®Ò»£»ÕâÓ¦ÔÚ°²×°Ê±×÷³öÉè¶¨£¬Èç¹ûµ±Ê±Ã»ÓÐÉè¶¨£¬
¿É²ÉÈ¡ÏÂÁÐ°ì·¨½â¾ö¡£Ê×ÏÈ¼Ù¶¨ \url{/dev/hda1}ÖÐ×°ÓÐ DOS/Windows£¬ 
\url{/dev/hda2} ÖÐ×°ÓÐ Linux .

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
½« /dev/hda ×÷ÎªÄ¬ÈÏÉè±¸£¡

Command (m for help):a
Partition number (1-4): 2

Command (m for help):w
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


¾­¹ýÕâÏîÉè¶¨£¬ Linux ·Ö¸îÇø³ÉÎªÆô¶¯²Ù×÷ÏµÍ³¡£È»ááÔÚ\url{/etc/lilo.conf}ÖÐ×÷³öÉè¶¨£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
boot = /dev/hda2
compact                # may conflict with "linear"  --¿ÉÄÜÓë¡°linear¡±³åÍ»
delay = 100            # 10 seconds  --µÈ´ý10Ãë
linear                 # gets rid of the "1024 cylinder" problem --½â¾ö1024´ÅÈ¦µÄÎÊÌâ
# message = /boot/bootmesg.txt  # write your own, if you will --×Ô¶©¿ª»úÐÅÏ¢
root = current
image = /boot/vmlinuz  # boot  Linux  by default as this entry comes first --Ä¬ÈÏµÄÄÚºË
  label =  Linux 
  read-only
#  append="mem=128M"   # to see more memory than 64M  --Èç¹û¼ÇÒäÄÚ´æ´óì¶64M
other = /dev/hda1
  table = /dev/hda
  label = dos
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


ÔËÐÐ\url{/sbin/lilo}ºó¾Í´ó¹¦¸æ³É¡£ÓÉÓÚ{\ttfamily lilo}ÊÇ°²×°ÖÐ¼«ÆäÖØÒªµÄ²¿·Ö£¬
ÎÞÂÛÈçºÎÓ¦¸ÃÏêÏ¸ÔÄ¶ÁÓÐ¹ØÕâ·½ÃæµÄ×ÊÁÏ¡£

Èç¹û²»´òËãÖØ×÷Éè¶¨£¬¶øÒª´Ó DOS/Windows ÄÚÆô¶¯ Linux £¬¿É°Ñ {\ttfamily LOADLIN.EXE}
·ÅÈëÒ»¸öÊôì¶ DOS Â·¾¶µÄ×ÓÄ¿Â¼£¨DOS ·Ö¸îÇø£©£»È»áá½«ÄÚºË¿½±´µ½¸Ã×ÓÄ¿Â¼£¬ÀýÈç{\ttfamily C:$\backslash$TEMP$\backslash$VMLINUZ}¡£ÀûÓÃÏÂÃæ¼òµ¥µÄ
{\ttfamily .BAT}µµ¾Í¿ÉÆô¶¯ Linux£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
rem    Linux .bat
smartdrv /C
loadlin c:\temp\vmlinuz root=/dev/hda2 ro
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


ÈçÊ¹ÓÃ Windows 9X£¬ÔòÉè¶¨Õâ¸ö{\ttfamily .BAT}µµµÄÌØÐÔ£¬Ê¹Æä´Ó MS-DOS ×´Ì¬Æô¶¯¡£




\subsubsection{°²È«¿¼Á¿}



ÔÚ°²×° Linux Ö®Ç°£¬ÏÈÖÆ×÷Ò»ÕÅ MBR ÇøµÄ±¸·Ý´ÅÆ¬£¬ÒÔ·À²»²â¡£ÏÈÔËÐÐ{\ttfamily restorrb}£¨°üÀ¨ÔÚ{\ttfamily FIPS}µÄÈí¼þ°üÄÚ£©£¬
»òÒÔÏÂÃæµÄÖ¸ÁîÖÆ×÷ Linux µÄËÀ»ú½â¾È´ÅÆ¬£º
\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
rescue:
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


È»ááÖÁÉÙÖÆ×÷Á½Æ¬ÓÐ{\ttfamily MBR}µµµÄ´ÅÆ¬¡£Èç¹ûÒ»µ©¹ÊÕÏÍ£»ú£¬
¿ÉÓÃÏÂÁÐÖ¸Áî»Ö¸´Ô­ÏÈµÄ MBR£º
\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
rescue:
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


µ±È»£¬ÕâÒªÔÚ{\ttfamily /mnt}ÒÑ¼ÓÔØ°üº¬{\ttfamily MBR}µÄ´ÅÆ¬¡£·ñÔò£¬ÀûÓÃ DOS µÄ½â¾È´ÅÆ¬ÔËÐÐ{\ttfamily FDISK /MBR}¡£






\subsection{µç×ÓÓÊ¼þ}



ÈçºÎÔÄ¶ÁÒÔ HTML ¸ñÊ½»òº¬ÓÐÆäËû¸÷ÖÖÎÄ¼þ¸ñÊ½µÄµç×ÓÓÊ¼þÄØ£¿Ê×ÏÈÒªÓÐÁ½¸öÎÄµµ£º\url{/etc/mime.types}
ºÍ\url{/etc/mailcap}¡£µÚÒ»¸öÎÄµµÁÐ³öÎÄ¼þµÄ¸ñÊ½¼°ÆäÀ©Õ¹Ãû£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
application/postscript          ps eps
image/jpeg                      jpe jpeg jpg
text/html                       html
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


¶øµÚ¶þ¸öÎÄµµ¹æ¶¨ÈçºÎÏÔÊ¾ÕâÖÖÎÄµµµÄ¸ñÊ½¡£

ÓÐÊ±ÓÐµÄµç×ÓÓÊ¼þÊ¹ÓÃ Microsoft Outlook ·¢ËÍ£¬ÆäÄÚÈÝº¬ÓÐ¶àÖØ MIME ¸ñÊ½¡£ÔÄ¶ÁÕâÀàµç×ÓÓÊ¼þÐèÒªÔÚ\url{etc/mailcap}ÖÐ¼ÓÈëÏÂÁÐÁ½ÐÐ£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
text/plain; less %s; needsterminal
text/html; lynx -force_html %s; needsterminal
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}





\subsection{´òÓ¡»úµÄÉèÖÃ}



¾ÍÎÒËùÖª£¬¸÷ÖÖ Linux °æ±¾¾ùÓÐÉèÖÃ´òÓ¡»úµÄ¹¤¾ß£¨{\ttfamily printtool}£¬{\ttfamily yast}»ò{\ttfamily magicfilter}£©£»
·ñÔò¿ÉÓÃ»ù±¾µÄÊÖ¶¯Éè¶¨¡£

¼Ù¶¨ÒªÓÃ·Ç PostScript ´òÓ¡»ú£¨Ò²·Ç¡°Windows-only¡±µÄ´òÓ¡»ú£©À´´òÓ¡Ô­Ê¼ÎÄ¼þ£¨ÀýÈç C ³ÌÐòµÄÔ­Ê¼ÂëÎÄ±¾£©ºÍÀûÓÃ GhostScript À´´òÓ¡ PostScript ÎÄµµ£¨´Ë´¦¼Ù¶¨ÒÑ°²×°ÁË GhostScript£©¡£

Éè¶¨´òÓ¡»úµÄ²½ÖèÈçÏÂ£º

\begin{itemize}
\item  ¼ì²é²¢ÐÐ¿ÚµÄ´òÓ¡»ú£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
~# echo "hello, world" > /dev/lp0
~# echo "hello, world" > /dev/lp1
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


¼ÇÏÂÁª»úµÄ´òÓ¡»úºÍ¶Ë¿Ú¡£

\item  Éè¶¨Á½¸ö spool ×ÓÄ¿Â¼£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
/var/spool/lpd/# mkdir raw; mkdir postscript
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}

\item  Èç¹û´òÓ¡»úÓ¡³öµÄ½á¹ûÓÐ¡°Ì¨½×¡±ÏÖÏó£¨¶àÊý InkJet ´òÓ¡»ú¶¼ÓÐÕâÖÖÏÖÏó£©£¬ÔòÐèÒªÒ»¸ö¹ýÂËÆ÷¡£ÊÔÓ¡ÏÂÃæÁ½ÁÐ£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
~# echo "first line" > /dev/lp1 ; echo "second line" > /dev/lp1
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


Èç¹ûÓ¡³öµÄ½á¹ûÈçÏÂ£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
first line
          second line
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


½«´ËÎÄµµ×÷Îª{\ttfamily /var/spool/lpd/raw/filter}±£´æ£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
#!/bin/sh
# Õâ¸ö¹ýÂËÆ÷¿ÉÏû³ý¡°Ì¨½×¡±ÏÖÏó
awk '{print $0, "\r"}'
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


ÔËÐÐ{\ttfamily chmod 755 /var/spool/lpd/raw/filter}Ê¹Æä³ÉÎª¿ÉÖ´ÐÐÎÄµµ¡£
\item  ÒªÖÆ×÷ÓÃÓÚPostScript·ÂÕæµÄ¹ýÂËÆ÷£¬Ôò½«¹ýÂËÆ÷¶¨ÃûÎª
\url{/var/spool/lpd/postscript/filter}:

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
#!/bin/sh

DEVICE=djet500
RESOLUTION=300x300
PAPERSIZE=a4
SENDEOF=

nenscript -TUS -ZB -p- |
if [ "$DEVICE" = "PostScript" ]; then
        cat -
else
        gs -q -sDEVICE=$DEVICE \
                -r$RESOLUTION \
                -sPAPERSIZE=$PAPERSIZE \
                -dNOPAUSE \
                -dSAFER \
                -sOutputFile=- -
fi

if [ "$SENDEOF" != "" ]; then
        printf "\004"
fi
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


£¨ÉÏÀýÊ¹ÓÃ HP DeskJet ´òÓ¡»ú¡£ÈçÎªËûÖÖ´òÓ¡»ú£¬Ôò×÷³öÏàÓ¦ÐÞ¸Ä¡££©
\item  ×îááÔÚ\url{/etc/printcap}ÄÚÔö¼ÓÏÂÁÐÄÚÈÝ£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
# /etc/printcap
lp|ps|PS|PostScript|djps:\
        :sd=/var/spool/lpd/postscript:\
        :mx#0:\
        :lp=/dev/lp1:\
        :if=/var/spool/lpd/postscript/filter:\
        :sh:
raw:\
        :sd=/var/spool/lpd/raw:\
        :mx#0:\
        :lp=/dev/lp1:\
        :if=/var/spool/lpd/raw/filter:\
        :sh:
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}

\end{itemize}


ÆäËû¸üÎª¸´ÔÓ»òÉÙ¼ûµÄ´òÓ¡ÉèÖÃ£¬Çë²Î¿¼ Printing-HOWTO¡£

×¢Òâ£ºÈçÊ¹ÓÃ{\ttfamily printtool}£¬PrinttoolÑ¡È¡µÄ GSDEVICE ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÓÚ´òÓ¡£¬µ«²»Ò»¶¨ÊÇ×îºÃµÄÑ¡Ôñ¡£²»·Á¶Ô{\ttfamily postscript.cfg}µµ×÷Ð©ÐÞ¸Ä£»ÀýÈç£¬°Ñ GSDEVICE ÄÚ{\ttfamily cdj500} ¸ÄÎª {\ttfamily djet500}£¬¾Í¿É¼Ó¿ì´òÓ¡µÄËÙ¶È¡£




\subsection{SVGATextMode \label{SVGA}}



·ÅÔÚ\nameurl{ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/ Linux /sources/sbin}{}ÉÏµÄ¹¤¾ßÈí¼þ¶Ô¸Ä±äÖ÷¿ØÌ¨µÄÆÁÄ»·Ö±æÂÊ¡¢×ÖÌåºÍÓÎ±êµÄÐÎ×´·Ç³£ÓÐÓÃ¡£
ÔÚÖ÷¿ØÌ¨ÉÏ¹¤×÷Ê±£¬ÐèÒªÊ¹ÓÃÖØÒô×ÖÌåµÄÎÄ×Ö£¨Òë×¢£ºÈçÅ·ÖÞÎÄ×Ö£©
»òÐèÒª¸Ä±ä±Ê¼Ç±¾µçÄÔÓÎ±êµÄ´óÐ¡¶¼¿ÉÊ¹ÓÃÕâÌ×Èí¼þ¡£

´ÓÄ¬ÈÏµÄ VGA ²ÎÊý¿ªÊ¼£¬Ê×ÏÈ±à¼­\url{/etc/TextConfig}»ò\url{/etc/TextMode}¡£
Ê¹ÓÃÅ·ÖÞÎÄ×ÖµÄÓÃ»§Ó¦¸Ã¶ÔÆäÖÐº¬ÓÐ¡°LoadFont¡±Ò»½Ú¸Ðµ½ÇìÐÒ¡£

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
Option "LoadFont"
FontProg "/usr/bin/setfont"
FontPath "/usr/lib/kbd/consolefonts"
FontSelect "lat1u-16.psf"   8x16 9x16 8x15 9x15
FontSelect "lat1u-14.psf"   8x14 9x14 8x13 9x13
FontSelect "lat1u-12.psf"   8x12 9x12 8x11 9x11
FontSelect "lat1u-08.psf"   8x8  9x8  8x7  9x7
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


Íê³ÉÕâÏîÉè¶¨Ö®áá£¬ÔËÐÐ{\ttfamily SVGATextMode "80x34x9"}¡£Èç¹û¾õµÃÒ»ÇÐÔËÐÐË³Àû£¬´Ó\url{/etc/TextMode}ÖÐÉ¾³ý¾¯¸æ£¬²¢½«ÏÂÐÐÐ´Èë
\url{etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit}£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
# SVGATextMode
/usr/sbin/SVGATextMode "80x34x9"
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


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\section{¹ÜÀíÔ±µÄÒ»°ã¹¤×÷}



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ftp£¨anonymous ftp£©¡¢POP/IMAP·þÎñÆ÷ºÍNFSµÈ¹¦ÄÜ¡£




\subsection{ÍøÂ·ÉèÖÃ}

Éè¶¨ Linux ¸÷ÖÖ°æ±¾ÍøÂ·¹¦ÄÜµÄ·½·¨¿ÉÄÜÏàµ±¸´ÔÓ£¬µ«ÏÂÊö½Å±¾×ã¹»Æô¶¯ÍøÂ·£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
#!/bin/sh

# net-up.sh: set up network access --Éè¶¨ÁªÍø

DEVICE=eth0      #-- Íø¿¨
IPADDR=192.168.1.100
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
NETWORK=192.168.1.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1

ifconfig $DEVICE $IPADDR netmask $NETMASK up
route add -net $NETWORK netmask $NETMASK $DEVICE
route add default gw $GATEWAY
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


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telnet ÓëÍâ½çÁªÂç¡£




\subsection{·ÖÏíÍø¼ÊÍøÂ·}



Linux ·þÎñÆ÷µÄÒ»Ïî×îÓÐÓÃµÄ¹¦ÄÜ¾ÍÊÇ·ÖÏíÍø¼ÊÍøÂ·¡£Ä¿Ç°£¬´ó¶àÊýÏÖ³É¿ÉÓÃµÄÄÚºË¶¼ÒÑ¸½ÓÐ IP firewalling¡¢masquerading ºÍ forwarding µÄ¹¦ÄÜ¡£ÈçÒªÖªµÀÏêÏ¸¹¦ÄÜ£¬¿É²Î¿´ IP-Masquerade mini-HOWTO¡£È»áá°²×° ipfwadm£¨ÄÚºË 2.0.x£»\nameurl{http://www.xos.nl/ Linux /ipfwadm/}{}£©»ò ipchains£¨ÄÚºË2.2.x£»\nameurl{http://www.adelaide.net.au/}{}£©¡£

×¢Òâ£º¶ÔÐèÒªµÄ¹¦ÄÜ£¬Æô¶¯ÏàÓ¦µÄÄÚºËÄ£×é¡£ÀýÈç£¬ÈçÐèÒªftp£¬ÔòÓ¦½«ÏÂÐÐ¼ÓÈë
\url{/etc/rc.d/rc.sysconfig}£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
/sbin/modprobe ip_masq_ftp
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


ÆäËûÄ£×éÍ¨³£¶¼·ÅÔÚ\url{/lib/modules/KERNEL-VERSION/ipv4}µµÖÐ¡£

Îª±¾µØÍøÂ·µÄÆäËû»úÆ÷Æô¶¯IP masquerading¹¦ÄÜµÄ³ÌÐò·Ç³£¼òµ¥¡£Ê×ÏÈ¼ì²éÍøÂ·³õÊ¼»¯½Å±¾\url{/etc/sysconfig/network}
£¨Ó¦ÔÚÓ¦¸Ã·ÅÖÃµÄÎ»ÖÃ£©ÊÇ·ñÓÐÄÚÈÝÎª{\ttfamily FORWARD\_IPV4=true}µÄÒ»ÐÐ¡£Í¨³£ÔÚÍøÂ·Æô¶¯Ê±
\url{/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip\_forward}¾ùÉèÎª 1¡£

ÔÚ\url{/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit}ÖÐÔö¼ÓÒÔÏÂÊýÐÐ£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
# default: packets cannot go reach the outside 
# Ô¤ÉèÎªÊý¾Ý°üÎÞ·¨·¢ËÍµ½Íø¼ÊÍøÂ·
/sbin/ipfwadm -F -p deny
# allow all machines on the local network to reach the Internet
# Ê¹±¾µØÍøÂ·ÉÏµÄËùÓÐ»úÆ÷¾ù¿ÉÁ¬½ÓÍø¼ÊÍøÂ·
/sbin/ipfwadm -F -a m -S 192.168.1.0/24 -D 0.0.0.0/0
# alternatively, allow only these two machines
# »òÖ»ÈÃÏÂÃæÁ½Ì¨µçÄÔÁ¬µ½Íø¼ÊÍøÂ·
# /sbin/ipfwadm -F -a m -S 192.168.1.100/24 -D 0.0.0.0/0
# /sbin/ipfwadm -F -a m -S 192.168.1.101/24 -D 0.0.0.0/0
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


Èç Linux ÒÑÊ¹ÓÃ 2.2.x ÏµÁÐÄÚºË£¬ÒÔ{\ttfamily ipfwadm-wrapper}´úÌæ{\ttfamily ipfwadm}¿É¼Ó¿ìÆô¶¯ËÙ¶È¡£



ÏÖÔÚÓ¦Ê¹ÓÃ»§¶Ë»úÆ÷²¦½ÓISP£»¿ÉÊÔÓÃMserver£¨\nameurl{http://cpwright.villagenet.com/mserver/}{}£©¡£ÐÞ¸Ä\url{etc/mserver.conf}£»
Ö»Ðè¸Ä¶¯¡°checkhost¡±¡¢¡°shadow¡±ºÍ¡°cname¡±ÈýÏî¡£È»ááÉè¶¨ÁªÍø²ÎÊý¡£






\subsection{ÏÞÖÆÍøÂ·Á¬½Ó\label{Restricting}}

¼Ù¶¨µçÄÔÍ¨¹ýPPPÁ¬µ½Íø¼ÊÍøÂ·¡£ÈÎºÎ»úÆ÷Á¬µ½Íø¼ÊÍøÂ·¾ÍÓÐ¿ÉÄÜÔâµ½Íâ½çµÄÈëÇÖ¡£ÔÚ
\url{/etc/hosts.allow}ÖÐÁÐÈëÒÔÏÂÄÚÈÝ£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
# only allow access to localhost
# Ö»ÔÊÐíÁ¬µ½localhost
ALL: 127.
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


²¢ÔÚ\url{/etc/hosts.deny}ÖÐÁÐÈë:

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
# deny access to everyone
# ²»ÈÃÈÎºÎÈË½øÈë
ALL: ALL
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


Èç¹ûµçÄÔËùÊôµÄÍøÂ·Ö±½ÓÓëÍø¼ÊÍøÂ·Á¬½Ó£¬ÓÉÓÚ°²È«µÄÀíÓÉ£¬×îºÃÈ¡Ïûfinger¡¢telnetµÈ¹¦ÄÜ£»
ÀûÓÃ{\ttfamily ssh}Ìæ´útelnet¡£´Ë´¦Ö»ÒªÐÞ¸Ä\url{/etc/inet.conf}µµ¼´¿É¡£Í¬Ê±£¬
Ò²¿ÉÔÚ\url{/etc/hosts.allow}ÖÐÔö¼ÓÏÂÁÐÄÚÈÝÏÞÖÆÍøÂ·Á¬½Ó£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
in.telnetd: 192.168.1., .ÁíÒ»¸ö.¿ÉÐÅµÄ.ÍøÂ·µØÖ·
in.ftpd: 192.168.1., .ÁíÒ»¸ö.¿ÉÐÅµÄ.ÍøÂ·µØÖ·
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


²¢ÔÚ\url{/etc/hosts.deny}ÖÐÔö¼ÓÏÂÁÐÄÚÈÝ:

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
in.telnetd: ALL
in.ftpd: ALL
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}





\subsection{NFSÊä³ö}

ÕâÖÖ·½Ê½ÓÃÓÚ·þÎñÆ÷ÓÃ»§Ä¿Â¼µÄÊä³ö£»µ«Èç¹ûÓÃ»§µÄ UID ºÍ GID ÔÚ¸÷Ì¨»úÆ÷ÉÏ¸÷²»ÏàÍ¬£¬¾Í»á·¢ÉúÎÊÌâ¡£Èç¹ûÓÃ»§ guido ÔÚ{\ttfamily server}ÉÏµÄ UID/GID Îª 500£¬ÔÚ{\ttfamily client}ÉÏµÄ UID/GID Îª 512£¬Ôò¿ÉÉèÖÃÈçÏÂ£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
# /etc/exports
/tmp            my.client.machine(rw)
/home/guido     my.client.machine(rw,map_static=/etc/nfs/client.map)
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


ÔÚ\url{/etc/nfs/client.map}µµÖÐÌîÈë£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
# /etc/nfs/client.map
# NFS mapping for client
#       remote          local
uid     512             500
gid     512             500
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}







\subsection{ÓòÃû·þÎñÆ÷}



ÓÐ´ý±àÐ´ £¨Òë×¢£º×÷ÕßÏÔÈ»ÍüÁË±àÐ´Õâ²¿·ÖÄÚÈÝ£©




\section{Èí¼þÉèÖÃ\label{config}}



ÏÂÁÐÉèÖÃµµ±ØÐè¼ÓÒÔÉè¶¨£º\url{/etc/profile} \url{/etc/bashrc} {\ttfamily .bashrc}
{\ttfamily .bashrc .bash\_profile .bash\_logout .inputrc .less .lessrc .xinitrc }
{\ttfamily .fvwmrc .fvwm2rc95 .Xmodmap .Xmodmap.num .Xdefaults .jedrc }
{\ttfamily .abbrevs.sl .joerc .emacs }.
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\subsection{bash(1)}

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¿ÉÐÞ¸ÄÏÂÁÐÎÄµµ£º

\begin{itemize}
\item  \url{/etc/bashrc} ´æÓÐÕû¸öÏµÍ³µÄ±ðÃûºÍ¹¦ÄÜ£»
\item  \url{/etc/profile} ´æÓÐÕû¸öÏµÍ³µÄ»·¾³²ÎÊýºÍÆô¶¯³ÌÊ½£»
\item  {\ttfamily \$HOME/.bashrc} ´æÓÐÓÃ»§µÄµÄ±ðÃûºÍ¹¦ÄÜ£»
\item  {\ttfamily \$HOME/.bash\_profile} ´æÓÐÓÃ»§µÄ»·¾³²ÎÊýºÍÆô¶¯³ÌÊ½£»
\item  {\ttfamily \$HOME/.inputrc} ´æÓÐÖ÷Òª°ó¶¨ÊýÖµºÍÆäËûÎ»ÔªÊýÖµ£»
\end{itemize}


ÏÂÎÄÀý¾Ù¶ÔÕâÐ©ÎÄµµµÄÐÞ¸Ä¡£Ê×ÏÈ£¬×îÖØÒªµÄÎÄµµÊÇ£º{\ttfamily /etc/profile}¡£ÒÔÏÂ¼¸½ÚÖÐ¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½£¬
ÐÞ¸ÄÕâ¸öÎÄµµ¿ÉÒÔÉè¶¨ Linux µÄ¸÷ÖÖ¹¦ÄÜ¡£

\par
\addvspace{\medskipamount}
\nopagebreak\hrule
\begin{verbatim}
# /etc/profile

# System wide environment and startup programs
# --Õû¸öÏµÍ³»·¾³ºÍÆô¶¯³ÌÊ½
#
# Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc
# --/etc/bashhrcÖÐ°üº¬¹¦ÄÜºÍ±ðÃû
#
# This file sets up the following features and programs:
# --Õâ¸öÎÄµµÉè¶¨ÏÂÁÐ¹¦ÄÜ£º
#
#   o path --Â·¾¶
#   o prompts  --ÌáÊ¾·û
#   o a few environment variables  --¼¸¸ö»·¾³±äÊý
#   o colour ls --ls µÄÑÕÉ«
#   o less behaviour    --Éè¶¨lessµÄ¹¦ÄÜ 
#   o rxvt
#
# Users can override these settings and/or add others in their
# $HOME/.bash_profile
# ÓÃ»§¿ÉÔÚ $HOME/.bash_profile ÖÐÈ¡ÏûÕâÐ©Éè¶¨ºÍ£¨»ò£©Ôö¼ÓÆäËûÉè¶¨


# set a decent path
# Éè¶¨¿ÉÐÐµÄÂ·¾¶

PATH="$PATH:/usr/X11R6/bin:$HOME/bin:."

# notify the user: login or non-login shell. If login, the prompt is
# coloured in blue; otherwise in magenta. Root's prompt is red.
# See the Colour-ls mini  HOWTO  for an explanation of the escape codes.
# Í¨ÖªÓÃ»§£ºµÇÂ¼£¨login£©»ò²»µÇÂ¼£¨non-login£©µÄÍâÎ§³ÌÐò£¨shell£©¡£
# Èç¹ûµÇÂ¼£¬ÔòÌáÊ¾·ûÎªÀ¶É«£¬·ñÔòÎª×ÏºìÉ«¡£RootµÄÌáÊ¾·ûÎªºìÉ«¡£
# ²ÎÔÄColour-ls mini  HOWTO ÖÐ¶Ô»»Âë·û(escape codes)µÄÊ¹ÓÃ½âÊÍ¡£

USER=`whoami`
if [ $LOGNAME = $USER ] ; then
  COLOUR=44  # blue --À¶É«
else
  COLOUR=45  # magenta --×ÏºìÉ«
fi

if [ $USER = 'root' ] ; then
  COLOUR=41  # red --ºìÉ«
  PATH="$PATH:/usr/local/bin"
fi

ESC="\033"
PROMPT='\h'    # hostname --Ö÷»úÃû
STYLE=';1m'    # bold --´ÖÌå
# PROMPT='\u'  # username --ÓÃ»§Ãû
# STYLE='m'    # plain --Ò»°ã×ÖÌå
PS1="\[$ESC[$COLOUR;37$STYLE\]$PROMPT:\[$ESC[37;40$STYLE\]\w\\$ "
PS2="> "

# no core dumps, please
# ÇëÎð×ª´¢ÄÚ´æÐÅÏ¢

ulimit -c 0

# set umask
# Éè¶¨umask

if [ `id -gn` = `id -un` -a `id -u` -gt 14 ]; then
  umask 002
else
  umask 022
fi

# a few variables
# ¼¸Ïî±äÊý

USER=`id -un`
LOGNAME=$USER
MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"  # sendmail, postfix, smail 
# MAIL="$HOME/Mailbox"        # qmail
NNTPSERVER=news.myisp.it      # put your own here 
VISUAL=jed
EDITOR=jed
HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname`
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=1000
export PATH PS1 PS2 USER LOGNAME MAIL NNTPSERVER
export VISUAL EDITOR HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTFILESIZE

# enable colour ls
# Éè¶¨lsµÄÑÕÉ«

eval `dircolors /etc/DIR_COLORS -b`
export LS_OPTIONS='-s -F -T 0 --color=yes'

# customize less
# Éè¶¨less

LESS='-M-Q'
LESSEDIT="%E ?lt+%lt. %f"
LESSOPEN="| lesspipe.sh %s"
LESSCHARDEF=8bcccbcc13b.4b95.33b. # show colours in ls -l | less
# LESSCHARSET=latin1
PAGER=less
export LESS LESSEDIT LESSOPEN VISUAL LESSCHARDEF

# fix the backspace key in rxvt/xterm
# Éè¶¨rxvt/xtermÖÐµÄÍËáá¼ü

CTRL_H="\010"
NULL_STRING=" $CTRL_H" # space + backspace
if [ "$NULL_STRING" != "" ] ; then
  stty erase ^?
else
  stty erase ^H
fi

# set xterm title: full path
case $TERM in
  xterm*)
    PROMPT_COMMAND='echo -ne "\033]0;${USER}@${HOSTNAME}: ${PWD}\007"'
    ;;
esac

for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
  if [ -x $i ]; then
    . $i # beware - variables and aliases might get overridden!
  fi
done

# call fortune, if available  --ÈçÓÐfortune
if [ -x /usr/games/fortune ] ; then
  echo ; /usr/games/fortune ; echo
fi
\end{verbatim} 
\nopagebreak\hrule 
\addvspace{\medskipamount}


´Ë´¦Îª \url{/etc/bashrc}£º

\par
\addvspace{\medskipamount}
\nopagebreak\hrule
\begin{verbatim}
# /etc/bashrc

# System wide functions and aliases
# Õû¸öÏµÍ³µÄ¹¦ÄÜºÍ±ðÃû
#
# Environment stuff goes in /etc/profile
# /etc/profileÖÐµÄ»·¾³²ÎÊý
#
# Insert PS1 definitions here if you experience problems.
# ÈçÓÐÎÊÌâ¿É½«PS1µÄ²ÎÊý·ÅÔÚ´Ë´¦

export CDPATH="$CDPATH:

# common aliases --¹²Í¬±ðÃû

alias cp='cp -i'
alias l=less
alias ls="ls $LS_OPTIONS"
alias mv='mv -i'
alias rm='rm -i'
alias rmbk='/bin/rm -f .*
alias u='cd ..'
alias which="type -path"
alias x=startx

# A few useful functions --¼¸ÏîÓÐÓÃµÄ¹¦ÄÜ

c ()    # cd to the new directory and list its contents
{
  cd $1 ; ls
}

inst()  # Install a .tar.gz archive in current directory --ÔÚµ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼ÖÐ½¨Á¢.tar.gz´¢´æ¿â
{
  if [ $# != 0 ]; then tar zxvf $1; fi
}

cz()    # List the contents of a .zip archive --ÁÐ³ö.zipµÄÄÚÈÝ
{
  if [ $# != 0 ]; then unzip -l $*; fi
}

ctgz()  # List the contents of a .tar.gz archive --ÁÐ³ö.tar.gzµÄÄÚÈÝ
{
  for file in $* ; do
    tar ztf ${file}
  done
}

tgz()   # Create a .tgz archive a la zip. --½¨Á¢Ñ¹Ëõµµ.tgz
{
  if [ $# != 0 ]; then
    name=$1.tar; shift; tar -rvf ${name} $* ; gzip -9 ${name}
  fi
}

crpm()  # list information on an .rpm file --ÁÐ³ö.rpmµµµÄÄÚÈÝ
{
  if [ $# != 0 ]; then rpm -qil $1 | less; fi
}
\end{verbatim} 
\nopagebreak\hrule 
\addvspace{\medskipamount}


´Ë´¦Îª {\ttfamily .bashrc}£º

\par
\addvspace{\medskipamount}
\nopagebreak\hrule
\begin{verbatim}
# $HOME/.bashrc
# Source global definitions

if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
  . /etc/bashrc
fi

# this is needed to notify the user that they are in non-login shell
# ÐèÒªÒÔÏÂÉè¶¨£¬ÒÔ±ãÍ¨Öª´¦ì¶²»µÇÂ¼£¨non-login£©ÍâÎ§³ÌÐò£¨shell£©ÖÐµÄÓÃ»§

if [ "$GET_PS1" = "" ] ; then
  COLOUR=45; ESC="\033"; STYLE=';1m';  # STYLE='m'
  USER=`whoami`
  export PS1="\[$ESC[$COLOUR;37$STYLE\]$USER:\[$ESC[37;40$STYLE\]\w\\$ "
fi

# personal aliases
# ¸öÈË±ðÃû

alias backup='tar -Mcvf /dev/fd0'
alias dial='eznet up myisp'
alias f='cd 
alias hangup='eznet down'
alias lyx='lyx -width 580 -height 450'
alias restore='tar -M -xpvf /dev/fd0'

# personal functions
# ¼¸¸ö¸öÈËÊ¹ÓÃµÄ¹¦ÄÜ

xj()    # Launch xjed and a file in background --ÔÚ±³¾°Æô¶¯xjedºÍÎÄµµ
{
  xjed $1 &
}
\end{verbatim} 
\nopagebreak\hrule 
\addvspace{\medskipamount}


´Ë´¦Îª{\ttfamily .bash\_profile}£º

\par
\addvspace{\medskipamount}
\nopagebreak\hrule
\begin{verbatim}
# $HOME/.bash_profile

# User specific environment and startup programs
# ÓÃ»§ÌØ¶¨µÄ»·¾³²ÎÊýºÍÆô¶¯³ÌÊ½
#
# This file contains user-defined settings that override
# those in /etc/profile
# Õâ¸öÎÄµµÖÐ´æÓÐÓÃ»§×Ô¶©µÄÉèÖÃ£¬¿ÉÈ¡´ú/etc/profile ÖÐµÄÊýÖµ
#
# Get aliases and functions
# Éè¶¨±ðÃûºÍ¹¦ÄÜ
#
if [ -f  then
  GET_PS1="NO"  # don't change the prompt colour --²»¸Ä±äÌáÊ¾·ûµÄÑÕÉ«
  . 
fi

# set a few `default' directories
# Éè¶¨¼¸¸ö¡°Ä¬ÈÏ¡±Ä¿Â¼

export CDPATH="$CDPATH:$HOME:$HOME/text:$HOME/text/geology"
\end{verbatim} 
\nopagebreak\hrule 
\addvspace{\medskipamount}


´Ë´¦Îª {\ttfamily .inputrc}£º

\par
\addvspace{\medskipamount}
\nopagebreak\hrule
\begin{verbatim}
# $HOME/.inputrc

# key bindings
# Ö÷Òª°ó¶¨

"\e[1
"\e[3
"\e[4
# (F1 .. F5) are "\e[[A" ... "\e[[E"
# (F1 .. F5) ·Ö±ðÎª "\e[[A" ... "\e[[E"

"\e[[A": "info \C-m"

set bell-style visible          # please don't beep
                                # À®°È²»·¢Éù
set meta-flag On                # allow 8-bit input (i.e, accented letters)
                                # ÔÊÐí8-Î»ÔªÊäÈë£¨ÀýÈçÖØÒô×Ö·û£©Òë×¢£ºÓÃÓÚÅ·ÖÞ

set convert-meta Off            # don't strip 8-bit characters
                                # ²»È¡Ïû8-Î»Ôª×Ö·û
set output-meta On              # display 8-bit characters correctly
                                # ÕýÈ·ÏÔÊ¾8-Î»Ôª×Ö·û
set horizontal-scroll-mode On   # scroll long command lines
                                # ³¤Ö¸ÁîÐÐ×Ô¶¯·­×ª
set show-all-if-ambiguous On    # after TAB is pressed
                                # °´TAB¼ü
\end{verbatim} 
\nopagebreak\hrule 
\addvspace{\medskipamount}


Éè¶¨ÏÂÁÐ²ÎÊýÊ¹ backspace ºÍ delete Á½¼üÔÚ{\ttfamily xterm} ºÍÆäËûX11Ó¦ÓÃÖÐÔË×÷Õý³££º
\begin{itemize}
\item  ÔÚ{\ttfamily .xinitrc}ÖÐÌí¼Ó£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
usermodmap=$HOME/.Xmodmap
xmodmap $usermodmap
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}

\item  ÔÚ{\ttfamily .Xmodmap}ÖÐÌí¼Ó£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
keycode 22 = BackSpace
keycode 107 = Delete
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


ÒÔÉÏ¾ÍÉè¶¨ÁËÖ÷¿ØÌ¨µÄ²ÎÊý¡£ÒªÐÞ¸Ä{\ttfamily xterm}£¬Ôò¸ü¸ÄÈçÏÂ£º
\item  ÔÚ{\ttfamily .Xdefaults}ÖÐÔöÌí£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
xterm*VT100.Translations: #override <Key>BackSpace: string(0x7F)\n\
        <Key>Delete:        string(0x1b) string("[3
        <Key>Home:          string(0x1b) string("[1
        <Key>End:           string(0x1b) string("[4
        Ctrl<Key>Prior:     string(0x1b) string("[40
        Ctrl<Key>Next:      string(0x1b) string("[41

nxterm*VT100.Translations: #override <Key>BackSpace: string(0x7F)\n\
        <Key>Delete:        string(0x1b) string("[3
        <Key>Home:          string(0x1b) string("[1
        <Key>End:           string(0x1b) string("[4
        Ctrl<Key>Prior:     string(0x1b) string("[40
        Ctrl<Key>Next:      string(0x1b) string("[41
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}

\end{itemize}


{\ttfamily rxvt}µÄÎÊÌâ±È½Ï¸´ÔÓ£¬ÒòÎªÔÚ±à¼­Ê±µÄÒ»Ð©Éè¶¨»áÓ°ÏìËüµÄ¹¦ÄÜ¡£²Î¿´ÉÏÎÄ
\url{/etc/profile}²¿·Ö¡£

ÔÚ{\ttfamily bash}(1) ºÍ {\ttfamily readline}(3) µÄ man ËµÃ÷ÖÐÓÐ¸ü¶àÕâ·½ÃæµÄ×ÊÁÏ¡£

²»ÒªÒÔÎªÕâÐ©Éè¶¨ÔÚÃ¿ÖÖÓ¦ÓÃÖÐ¶¼¿ÉÕý³£ÔË×÷¡£ÀýÈç£¬ÔÚ{\ttfamily xterm}ÖÐÔËÐÐ{\ttfamily joe}£¬
ÓÐÐ©¼üÎ»¾Í²»Æð×÷ÓÃ£»ÔËÐÐ{\ttfamily rxvt}Ò²ÓÐÏàÍ¬µÄÎÊÌâ¡£




\subsection{ls(1)}

{\ttfamily ls}¿ÉÓÃÑÕÉ«ÏÔÊ¾Ä¿Â¼£¬Í»³ö²»Í¬ÖÖÀàµÄÎÄµµ¡£ÈçÉÏÎÄËùÊ¾£¬ÒªÊ¹ÓÃÕâÏî¹¦ÄÜ£¬Ö»ÒªÔÚ
\url{/etc/profile} Ôö¼Ó¼¸ÐÐÄÚÈÝ¼´¿É¡£²»¹ý£¬Õâ¶ÔÓÐÐ©°æ±¾µÄ{\ttfamily rxvt}²»Æð×÷ÓÃ£»
µÃÊ¹ÓÃ {\ttfamily xterm} Ìæ´ú¡£¿´À´Ò»Ð©ÀÏ°æ±¾µÄ{\ttfamily rxvt}ÓÐÉè¼Æ²»È«Ö®´¦£¬ÒÔÖÂÔÚÓÐÐ©Çé¿öÏÂÎÞ·¨ÕýÈ·Ê¹ÓÃ»·¾³²ÎÊý¡£

Caldera°æ±¾µÄ{\ttfamily ls}²»ÏÔÊ¾ÑÕÉ«£¬µ«ËüÓÐÒ»¸öÀàËÆµÄ{\ttfamily color-ls}¡£
½«ÒÔÏÂÄÚÈÝ¼Óµ½ \url{/etc/bashrc}£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
alias ls="color-ls $LS_OPTIONS"
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}





\subsection{less(1)}



ÀûÓÃÕâ¸öÓÅÔ½µÄÒ³Ãæµ÷¶È³ÌÐò²»½öÄÜä¯ÀÀÒ»°ãÎÄ×ÖÎÄµµ£¬Ò²ÄÜ¹Û¿´Ñ¹ËõµÄ gzip ÎÄµµºÍÒÔ tar ºÍ zip ¸ñÊ½´¢´æµÄµµ°¸ÎÄµµºÍ man ÎÄµµ£¬ÆäÉèÖÃÈçÏÂ£º

\begin{itemize}
\item  ÈçÒªÅäºÏÊ¹ÓÃ·½Ïò¼ü£¬Ôò½«ÒÔÏÂÒÔASCII±àÐ´µÄÒ»°ãÎÄ×Öµµ{\ttfamily .lesskey} ÖÃÓÚhomeÄ¿Â¼ÄÚ£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
^[[A   back-line
^[[B   forw-line
^[[C   right-scroll
^[[D   left-scroll
^[OA   back-line
^[OB   forw-line
^[OC   right-scroll
^[OD   left-scroll
^[[6
^[[5
^[[1
^[[4
^[[7
^[[8
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


È»ááÔËÐÐÖ¸Áî{\ttfamily lesskey}¡££¨ÕâÊÇÀàËÆvt100ÐÍÖÕ¶Ë»úµÄ»»Âë·û£©¡£
Õâ»áÉú³É°ó¶¨¼üÎ»µÄ¶þ½øÖÆÎÄµµ {\ttfamily .less}¡£

\item  ±àÖÆÏÂÁÐ³ÆÎªw \url{/usr/local/bin/lesspipe.sh}µÄÎÄµµ£º

\par
\addvspace{\medskipamount}
\nopagebreak\hrule
\begin{verbatim}
#!/bin/sh
# This is a preprocessor for 'less'.  It is used when this environment
# variable is set:   LESSOPEN="|lesspipe.sh %s"
# ´ËÎª¡®less¡¯µÄÔ¤´¦ÀíÆ÷¡£µ±»·¾³²ÎÊý¶¨ÎªLESSOPEN="|lesspipe.sh %s"
# Ê±£¬±ãÆðÓÃÕâ¸öÔ¤´¦ÀíÆ÷¡£

lesspipe() {
  case "$1" in
  *.tar) tar tf $1 2>/dev/null ;; # View contents of .tar and .tgz files
                                  # ÔÄ¶Á.tarºÍ.tgzµµµÄÄÚÈÝ
   *.tgz|*.tar.gz|*.tar.Z|*.tar.z) tar ztf $1 2>/dev/null ;;
  *.Z|*.z|*.gz) gzip -dc $1  2>/dev/null ;; # View compressed files
correctly
                                                # ÕýÈ·ÔÄ¶ÁÑ¹ËõÎÄµµ
  *.zip) unzip -l $1 2>/dev/null ;; # View archives
                                    # ÔÄ¶Áµµ°¸ÎÄµµ
  *.arj) unarj -l $1 2>/dev/null ;;
  *.rpm) rpm -qpil $1 2>/dev/null ;;
  *.cpio) cpio --list -F $1 2>/dev/null ;;
  *.1|*.2|*.3|*.4|*.5|*.6|*.7|*.8|*.9|*.n|*.l|*.man) FILE=`file -L $1`
    FILE=`echo $FILE | cut -d ' ' -f 2`
    if [ "$FILE" = "troff" ]; then
      groff -s -p -t -e -Tascii -mandoc $1
    fi ;;
  *) file $1 | grep text > /dev/null ;
    if [ $? = 1 ] ; then # it's not some kind of text
      strings $1
    fi ;;
  esac
}

lesspipe $1
\end{verbatim} 
\nopagebreak\hrule 
\addvspace{\medskipamount}


È»ááÔËÐÐ{\ttfamily chmod 755 lesspipe.sh}£¬Ê¹Æä³ÉÎª¿ÉÖ´ÐÐµµ¡£
\item  °´ÕÕÉÏÎÄ½«±ØÒªµÄ±äÊý·ÅÈë\url{/etc/profile}¡£
\end{itemize}





\subsection{emacs(1) ÎÄ±¾±à¼­Æ÷}

ÓÉÓÚÎÒ²»Ì«ÓÃ{\ttfamily emacs}£¬Òò´ËÐÄµÃ²»¶à¡£ÓÐÐ©{\ttfamily emacs} °æ±¾Ã»ÓÐÔ¤ÏÈÉèÖÃÑÕÉ«ºÍÓï·¨±êÊ¾¡£¿ÉÔÚ{\ttfamily .emacs}ÖÐÔöÌí£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
(global-font-lock-mode t)
(setq font-lock-maximum-decoration t)
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


ÕâÖ»¶ÔX11ÓÐÓÃ¡£ÈçÐèÊ¹ÓÃÖØÒô·ûºÅ£¬¿ÉÔö¼Ó´ËÐÐ£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
(standard-display-european 1)
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


ÎÒÈÃÄú×Ô¼º´Ó¹Øì¶{\ttfamily emacs}µÄÎÄ¼þ×ÊÁÏÖÐÑ°ÕÒÉè¶¨·ûºÏÄúµÄÐèÒªµÄ·½·¨£¬ÓÐÊ±ÕâÐèÒª¼¸¸öÔÂµÄÊ±¼ä¡£
µãÎÄµµ²úÉúÆ÷£¨\ref{Config sw} {(ÉèÖÃÈí¼þ)}£©¿ÉÒÔ°ïÐ©Ã¦¡£




\subsection{joe(1) ÎÄ±¾±à¼­Æ÷}



ÓÐÐ©{\ttfamily joe}µÄ°æ±¾²»ÔÚÖ÷¿ØÌ¨ÏÔÊ¾ÑÕÉ«£¬²¢ÇÒÓÐÐ©ÌØÊâ¼üÎ»²»Æð×÷ÓÃ¡£½â¾öÕâÏîÎÊÌâµÄ×î¿ì·½·¨ÊÇ£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
   (Òë×¢£ºÔ­ÎÄËÆºõÓÐÂ©)
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


ÒªÊ¹ÌØÊâ¼üÎ»·¢Éú×÷ÓÃ£¬Ö»ÒªÐÞ¸Ä{\ttfamily .joerc}¡¢{\ttfamily .jstarrc}»òÏ²°®µÄ·ÂÕæÉè¶¨£»
Ê×ÏÈ¸Ä±ä\url{/usr/lib/joe}ÖÐµÄÉèÖÃÎÄµµ¡£ÀûÓÃµÚËÄ²¿·Ö£¨¼üÎ»°ð¶¨£©Éè¶¨HomeºÍ EndÁ½¼ü¡£

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
bol ^[ [ 1 
eol ^[ [ 4 
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


ÕÒ³öESCµÄ´ÎÐò£¬¼üÈë{\ttfamily cat}£¬È»ááÔÙ¼üÈëÌØÊâ¼ü¡£




\subsection{jed(1) ÎÄ±¾±à¼­Æ÷}

ÕâÊÇÏàµ±ºÃÓÃµÄ±à¼­Æ÷£º±È{\ttfamily emacs}¶ÌÐ¡¾«º·£¬Ò²ÒËì¶Éè¶¨£¬Ê¹ÓÃ·½Ê½Ò²ÓëÆäËû±à¼­Æ÷Ê®·ÖÀàËÆ¡£
ÎÒÃÇ´óÑ§µÄÐí¶àÓÃ»§¶¼ÓÃ{\ttfamily jed}Ìæ´úVMSµÄÏµÍ³±à¼­Æ÷{\ttfamily EDT}¡£

{\ttfamily jed}µÄÉèÖÃÎÄµµÎª {\ttfamily .jedrc}ºÍ\url{/usr/lib/jed/lib/*}£»Ç°Õß¿É´ÓááÕßÄ¿Â¼ÖÐµÄ{\ttfamily jed.rc}ÐÞ¸Ä¶øµÃ¡£

\begin{itemize}
\item ÒªÊ¹{\ttfamily jed}µÄÌØÊâ¼üÎ»ÉèÖÃÕýÈ·£¬±àÖÆ\url{/usr/lib/jed/lib/defaults.sl}µµ£¬
ÆäÄÚÈÝÈçÏÂ£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
() = evalfile(" Linux ");
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}

\item Èç¹û{\ttfamily xjed}²»Ê¶±ðDEL¼ü£¬ÔòÔÚ{\ttfamily .jedrc}ÖÐÔö¼ÓÏÂÁÐÄÚÈÝ£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
#ifdef XWINDOWS
  x_set_keysym (0xFFFF, 0, "\e[3
  setkey (``delete_char_cmd'', "\e[3
#endif
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}

\item  ±à¼­\url{/usr/lib/jed/lib/ Linux .sl}£¬Éè¶¨{\ttfamily Info\_Directory = "/usr/info";}²¢ÔÚ{\ttfamily /UCB\_Mailer = "/bin/mail";}ºóÌí¼Ó{\ttfamily /bin/mail}£»

\item  ÉèÖÃ{\ttfamily jed}Ä£Äâ{\ttfamily EDT}£¨»òÆäËû±à¼­Æ÷£©µÄ¹¤×÷²»ÄÑ£ºÖ»Ðë±à¼­
{\ttfamily .jedrc} ÖÐµÄ¼¸ÐÐÄÚÈÝ¡£ Èç¹ûÒªÓÃÐ¡¼üÅÌÖÐµÄ¡®+¡¯¼üÉ¾×Ö£¬¶ø²»Ö»É¾Ò»¸ö×ÖÄ¸£¬ÔòÔÚ{\ttfamily .jedrc}ÖÐ{\ttfamily () = evalfile("edt")}£¨»òÀàËÆµÄÉè¶¨£©Ö®ááÔöÌíÏÂÁÐÄÚÈÝ£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
unsetkey("\eOl");
unsetkey("\eOP\eOl");
setkey("edt_wdel", "\eOl");
setkey("edt_uwdel", "\eOP\eOl");
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


\item  ÔÚ{\ttfamily EDT}Ä£ÄâÖÐ£¬ÒªÊ¹{\ttfamily xjed}Ê¹ÓÃÊý×ÖÐ¡¼üÅÌ£¬ÔòÐëÔÚ {\ttfamily .Xmodmap} ÖÐÌí¼ÓÏÂÁÐÄÚÈÝ£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
keycode 77  = KP_F1
keycode 112 = KP_F2
keycode 63  = KP_F3
keycode 82  = KP_F4
keycode 86  = KP_Separator
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}

\item  ÔÚ{\ttfamily .Xdefaults}ÖÐÔö¼ÓÒÔÏÂÄÚÈÝ¿ÉÒÔ¸ü¸Ä{\ttfamily xjed}µÄÑÕÉ«£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
xjed*Geometry: 80x32+150+50
xjed*font: 10x20
xjed*background: midnight blue
# and so on...
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}

\item  Éè¶¨¡°¼ò³Æ±í¡±¿É½ÚÊ¡Ðí¶àÊ±¼ä¡£±à¼­Ò»¸ö³ÆÎª {\ttfamily \$HOME/.abbrevs.sl}
µÄ³ÌÐò£¨ÈçÒª¸Ä±äÃû³Æ£¬¿ÉÔÚ{\ttfamily .jedrc}ÖÐ²åÈë{\ttfamily variable Abbrev\_File = "/usr/lib/jed/abbrev.sl";}£©£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
create_abbrev_table ("Global", "0-9A-Za-z");
define_abbrev ("Global", "GG", "Guido Gonzato");
create_abbrev_table ("TeX", "\\A-Za-z0-9");
define_abbrev ("TeX", "\\beq", "\\begin{equation}");
define_abbrev ("TeX", "\\eeq", "\\end{equation}");
% and so on...
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


²¢¼üÈë{\ttfamily ESC x abbrev\_mode}Ê¹ÆäÔËÐÐ¡£ÈçÒª×Ô¶¯ÔËÐÐ¼ò³Æ¹¦ÄÜ£¬½«ÏÂÁÐÄÚÈÝ¼ÓÈë

{\ttfamily .jedrc}£º
\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
define text_mode_hook ()
{
  set_abbrev_mode (1);
}
%
define fortran_hook ()
{
  set_abbrev_mode (1);
  use_abbrev_table ("Fortran");
}
% and so on...
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}

\end{itemize}





\subsection{pine(1) ÓÊ¼þÔÄ¶ÁÆ÷}

ÐÞ¸Ä\url{/usr/lib/pine.conf}ÖÐÉæ¼°Õû¸öÏµÍ³µÄÉèÖÃ£¬ÌØ±ð×¢Òâ£º
{\ttfamily user-domain}¡¢{\ttfamily smtp-server}ºÍ{\ttfamily nntp-server}¡£Í¬Ê±×¢Òâ
{\ttfamily inbox-path}È¡¾öÓÚÊ¹ÓÃºÎÖÖ MTA£ºÈçÊ¹ÓÃ {\ttfamily sendmail} »ò
{\ttfamily postfix}£¬ÔòÎª {\ttfamily var/spool/mail/\$USER}£»ÈçÊ¹ÓÃ Qmail£¬ÔòÎª
\url{/home/\$USER/Mailbox} £¨µ« root Ê¹ÓÃ \url{/usr/lib/pine.conf}£©¡£




\subsection{minicom(1)}

³ý·Ç root ÐÞ¸ÄÓ°ÏìÕû¸öÏµÍ³µÄÉèÖÃ£¬·ñÔòÓÃ»§ÎÞ·¨Ê¹ÓÃ {\ttfamily minicom}¡£¼Ç×¡ÐÞ¸Ä¡£




\subsection{efax(1) Èí¼þ}



¿ÉÄÜÕâÊÇÒ»Ì××îÈÝÒ×ÊÕ·¢´«Õæ£¨fax£©µÄÈí¼þ¡£Ö»ÒªÐÞ¸Ä \url{/usr/bin/fax} ÄÚµÄÖ¸Áî¼´¿É£»ÐÞ¸Ä²»ÄÑ£¬µ«ÓÐÐ©Ð¡µØ·½È´Ðè×¢Òâ£º

\begin{itemize}
\item  ÀûÓÃ {\ttfamily at+fclass=?} Ö¸ÁîÕÒ³öÏµÍ³ÄÚµÄÊý¾Ý»úµÄ¼¶±ðÎª class 1¡¢2»ò2.0ÐÍ¡£
ÏµÍ³µÄ»Ø¸²¿ÉÄÜÎª {\ttfamily 0,1,2}£»1 ºÍ 2 ±íÊ¾Êý¾Ý»úÖ§³ÖµÄ¼¶±ð£»
\item  DIALPREFIX: µ¥µ¥Ê¹ÓÃ¡°{\ttfamily T}¡±»ò¡°{\ttfamily P}¡±¿ÉÄÜ²»ÊÊÓÃÓÚÓÐÐ©¹ú¼Ò£¨ÖÁÉÙ²»ÊÊÓÃÓÚÒå´óÀû£©¡£¸ÄÓÃ
¡°{\ttfamily ATDT}¡±»ò¡°{\ttfamily ATDP}¡±²¦ºÅ£»
\item  INIT and RESET: {\ttfamily efax} ÐèÒªÆðÊ¼²ÎÊý ¡°{\ttfamily -i}¡±ºÍ ¡°{\ttfamily -k}¡±¡£
ÈçÐèÊ¹ÓÃ AT Ö¸Áî£¬Ôò½«Æä´ÓÖ¸ÁîÖÐÏû³ý£¬²¢ÒÔ ¡°{\ttfamily -i}¡± »ò ¡°{\ttfamily -k}¡±Ìæ´ú¡£ÀýÈç£ºÔÚ
INIT ÖÐÊ¹ÓÃ ¡°{\ttfamily ATX3}¡± Ö¸Áî£¬Ôò¼ÓÈë ¡°{\ttfamily -iX3}¡±¼´¿É¡£
\end{itemize}


Íê³ÉÕâÏîÉèÖÃáá£¬»¹ÒªÉèÖÃ¼¸ÏîÊ¹ÓÃÕßµÄÈ¨ÏÞÉè¶¨£¬ÕâÑù·Ç root µÄÊ¹ÓÃÕß²ÅÄÜÊÕ·¢´«Õæ¡£Ê×ÏÈÒªÊ¹ \url{/var/lock} ºÍ \url{/var/spool/fax} ³ÉÎª¿ÉÐ´Ä¿Â¼¡£ÒªÍê³ÉÕâÏî¹¤×÷£¬
²»·ÁÉèÁ¢ {\ttfamily faxusers} Èº×é£¬½«Ê¹ÓÃÕß¼ÓÈëÆäÖÐ£¬È»ááÒÔÏÂÁÐÖ¸Áî¸Ä±äÊôÐÔ£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
 chmod g+w /var/spool/fax
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}





\subsection{Ghostscript}

Õâ¸öÓÐÓÃµÄÈí¼þÓÐµãÐ¡ÎÊÌâ¡£ÒòÎªÃÀ¹úµÄ³ö¿ÚÏÞÖÆ£¬{\ttfamily pdf2ps} ²»ÄÜÔÚ¼ÓÃÜµÄ .pdf ÎÄµµÉÏÊ¹ÓÃ¡£½â¾ö°ì·¨ÊÇ½«ä¯ÀÀÆ÷½ÓÉÏ\nameurl{http://www.ozemail.com.au/}{}£¬ °Ñ {\ttfamily pdf\_sec.ps} ÎÄµµÈ¡´ú Ghostscript ÖÐµÄÍ¬ÃûÎÄµµ¼´¿É¡£




\subsection{TeX µÄÊ¹ÓÃ}



¼ÙÉè Linux »úÉÏÒÑ°²×°ÁËLeTeX¡£

\begin{itemize}
\item ´Ó×î½üµÄ¾µÏñÕ¾ÏÂÔØÆäËûÓëLaTeXÓÐ¹ØµÄÈí¼þ£¬ÀýÈç\nameurl{ftp://ftp.dante.de/pub/tex}{}¡£½«ÕâÐ©ÎÄµµ·ÅÔÚ \url{/usr/share/texmf/tex/latex}
Ä¿Â¼ÏÂ£¬È»ááÔËÐÐÖ¸Áî{\ttfamily texhash}£¬Ê¹ teTeXÖªµÀÐÂÈí¼þµÄ´æÔÚ£»
\item  ÉèÖÃÁ¬×Ö·û£¨hyphenation£©£¬Ôò¿ÉÐÞ¸Ä
\url{/usr/share/texmf/tex/generic/config/language.dat}µµ£¬È»ááÔËÐÐ£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
 texconfig hyphen
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}

\item  ÈçÒªÉè¶¨{\ttfamily dvips}£¬ÔòÐè±à¼­
\url{/usr/share/texmf/dvips/config/config.ps}µµ¡£ ×¢Òâ£ºÓÐ¹ØÄ¬ÈÏ·Ö±æÂÊµÄ²ÎÊýÒ²Ó°Ïì {\ttfamily xdvi}µÄÔËÐÐ£»Èç¹ûÃ¿´ÎÔËÐÐÊ±·¢ÏÖ¶¼Òª´´Ôì×ÖÌå£¬Ôò¿É¸Ä¶¯ {\ttfamily .Xdefault}µÄÄÚÈÝÈçÏÂ£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
XDvi*mfmode:
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


ÕâÓ¦ÓÐËù°ïÖú¡£
        
\item  À©´óTeXµÄÑ°ÕÒ¡õÎ§¿É½«×ÓÄ¿Â¼ÖÐµÄPostScriptÊý×Ö°üÀ¨ÔÙÄÚ¡£½«ÏÂÁÐÖ¸Áî·ÅÈë
\url{.bash\_profile}£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
export TEXINPUTS="$HOME/figures::./figures"
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


ÕâÊ¹TeXÔÚ²éÕÒÄ¬ÈÏÄ¿Â¼Ö®Ç°ÏÈ²éÕÒ{\ttfamily \$HOME/figures}£¬²¢ÔÚ²éÕÒÄ¬ÈÏÄ¿Â¼Ö®áá²éÕÒ
{\ttfamily ./figures}¡£
\end{itemize}





\subsection{±ÜÃâPPPµÄÎÊÌâ}



Ä¿Ç° Linux µÄÄÚºË¼¸ºõ¶¼ÒÑ±àÈëÁË PPP + TCP/IP ¹¦ÄÜ£¬Éè¶¨ÁË»ØËÍµØÖ·£¨loopback£©ºÍÕýÈ·°²×°ÁË{\ttfamily pppd}Èí¼þºÍ×÷Îªsuid root¡£µ±È»£¬ISP µÃÖ§³ÖPPP¡£
Ä¿Ç°ÓÐÁ½ÖÖ·½Ê½¿ÉÊ¹ PPP Õý³£ÔË×÷£º£¨a£©ÊÖ¶¯Éè¶¨£»ºÍ£¨b£©ÀûÓÃÒ»¸ö³ÌÊ½×Ô¶¯Éè¶¨¡£²»ÂÛ²ÉÓÃºÎÖÖ·½Ê½£¬¾ùÇëÊÕ¼¯ÏÂÁÐ×ÊÁÏ£º

\begin{itemize}
\item  ISPµÄµç»°ºÅÂë
\item  ISPµÄÃû×Ö¡¢ÓÊ¼þºÍÐÂÎÅ·þÎñÆ÷µÄµØÖ·
\item  ISPµÄÓòÃû
\item  ÓÃ»§Ãû×ÖºÍÃÜÂë
\end{itemize}


ÊÖ¶¯ÉèÖÃÊÇ¼þµ¥µ÷ÎÞÁÄ¡¢Ê®·Ö·¦Î¶µÄÊÂ¡£ËäÈ»Éæ¼°µÄ¹¤×÷ÎÞ·ÇÊÇÐÞ¸ÄÎÄµµºÍ±à¼­½Å±¾£¬²¢²»Âé·³£¬
µ«¼«Ò×³ö´í£¬ÐÂÊÖÍùÍù²»¸ÒÇáÒ×¡õÊÔ¡£ÐÒºÃÓÐ PPP  HOWTO ¿ÉÒÔ²Î¿¼¡£´ËÍâ£¬Ò²ÓÐ¹¤¾ß¿ÉÒÔÊ¹ÓÃ£¬ÊäÈëÉÏÊö×ÊÁÏ£¬È»áá×Ô¶¯ÎªÄúÉèÖÃ¡£
GnomeºÍKDEÁ½Ì×Èí¼þÖÐ·Ö±ð°üÀ¨ÁË{\ttfamily gnome-ppp}ºÍ{\ttfamily kppp}Á½¸ö¹¤¾ß£¬·½±ã°²×°PPP£¬
ÁîÈËÊ®·Ö¸Ð¼¤¡£´ËÍâ£¬Ò²²»·ÁÊ¹ÓÃÔÚÖ÷¿ØÌ¨ÉÏ²Ù×÷µÄ¹¤¾ß{\ttfamily wvdial}ºÍ{\ttfamily eznet}¡£
Ö»ÒªÌá¹©ISPµÄµç»°ºÅÂë¡¢ÓÃ»§ÐÕÃû¡¢ÃÜÂë£¬¾ÍÁªÍøÉÏÂ·ÁË¡£ËüÃÇµÄÍøÒ³ÊÇ\nameurl{http://www.worldvisions.ca/wvdial}{}ºÍ\nameurl{http://www.hwaci.com/sw/eznet}{}£¬²»·ÁÊÔÓÃ¡£ÕâÁ½¸ö¹¤¾ß¶¼Ê®·ÖºÃÓÃ£¬Ò²ÐèááÕß¸ü·½±ãÒ»Ð©¡£




\subsubsection{Ê¹ÓÃeznet}



Ê×ÏÈ£¬½¨Á¢Ò»¸öÎÄµµ\url{/etc/resolv.conf}£¬ÄÚÈÝÈçÏÂ£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
nameserver w.x.y.z
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


ÆäÖÐÌîÈëÄúÊ¹ÓÃµÄISPµÄÓòÃûËÅ·þÆ÷£¨nameserver£©µÄµØÖ·¡£ÒªÀûÓÃ{\ttfamily eznet}½¨Á¢ÕÊ»§£¬
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\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
#£¨Òë×¢£ºÔ­ÎÄÓÐÂ©£©
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


Õâ»á²úÉúÒ»¸öÊôì¶rootµÄÎÄµµ\url{/var/eznet/eznet.conf}£¬Ê¹ÓÃÈ¨ÏÞÎª600£»
ÈçÒªÈÃ´ó¼Ò¶¼ÄÜÊ¹ÓÃ£¬ÓÃchmod½«Æä¸ÄÎª666¡£ÀûÓÃ{\ttfamily eznet up YOUR\_ISP}²¦ºÅ¸øISP¡£Èç¹ûÊý¾Ý»úÒ»Ö±µÈ´ýµç»°µÄ½Ó²¦ÐÅºÅ£¬ÎÞ·¨½ÓÍ¨£¬ÊÔÊÔÏÂÁÐÖ¸Áî£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
#£¨Òë×¢£ºÔ­ÎÄÓÐÂ©£©
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


Òª¹Ò¶Ïµç»°£¬Ö»Òª·¢³ö{\ttfamily eznet down}Ö¸Áî¡£²»ÊÇÊ®·Ö¼òµ¥Âð£¡




\subsubsection{Ê¹ÓÃwvdial}



{\ttfamily wvdial}µÄÉèÖÃÉõÖÁ¸ü¶Ì¡£¼üÈë{\ttfamily wvdialconf /etc/wvdial.conf}£¬È»ááÐÞ¸ÄÕâ¸öÎÄµµÊ¹ÆäÁÐÈëÓÃ»§ÐÕÃû¡¢ÃÜÂëºÍµç»°ºÅÂë¡£
ÓÃ{\ttfamily wvdial}ÊÔ²¦£¬Ï£ÍûÒ»ÇÐË³Àû¡£Òª¶ÏÏß£¬ÓÃ Ctrl-C¼´¿É¡£




\subsection{POPÓÃ»§¶Ë³ÌÐò}

Òª´ÓPOPËÅ·þÆ÷ÊÕÈ¡ÓÊ¼þ£¬¿ÉÊ¹ÓÃPOPÓÃ»§¶Ë³ÌÐò£¬Èç{\ttfamily fetchpop}»ò {\ttfamily fetchmail}µÈ£»ááÕß±È½ÏÏÈ½ø£¬µ«ÐèÒªÔËÐÐ{\ttfamily sendmail}¡£Õâ¶ÔµÍµµµçÄÔ¶øÑÔ£¬
ËÆºõÊÇ¶à´ËÒ»¾Ù¡£ÕâÐ©Èí¼þ¿É´Ó\nameurl{ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/ Linux /system/mail/pop}{}µÃµ½¡£

ÉèÖÃÓÃ»§¶ËµÄ³ÌÊ½ÈçÏÂ£º

\begin{itemize}
\item {\ttfamily fetchpop}£ºÔÚµÚÒ»´ÎÔËÐÐÕâ¸öÈí¼þÊ±»áÒªÇóÊäÈëÒ»Ð©×ÊÁÏ¡£Ö»Òª»Ø´ðËùÓÐÎÊÌâ¼´¿É¡£
Èç¹ûISPµÄPOP3ËÅ·þÆ÷²»ÄÜÕýÈ·Ö´ÐÐLASTÖ¸Áî£¬ÔÚÊ¹ÓÃ{\ttfamily fetchpop}Ê±±ØÐè¼Ó¸½²ÎÊý{\ttfamily -r}
\item {\ttfamily fetchmail}£ºÐÞ¸Ä{\ttfamily .fetchmailrc}ÈçÏÂ£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
# $HOME/.fetchmailrc
poll mbox.myisp.com with protocol pop3;
  user john there with password _Loo%ny is john here
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


ÓÐ¸öÓÃ»§Ö¸³öÔÚµÚ¶þÐÐÖÐÔö¼Ó¡°smtphost localhost¡±ÄÜ´ó´ó¸ÄÉÆÔËÐÐËÙ¶È¡£

±ØÐëÔËÐÐ{\ttfamily chmod 600 .fetchmailrc}Éè¶¨´ËµµµÄÊ¹ÓÃÈ¨ÏÞ£¬·ñÔò{\ttfamily fetchmail}»áÍêÈ«¾Ü¾øÔËÐÐ¡£
Õâ¸öÀý×ÓÖ»ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ·Ç³£»ù±¾µÄÉè¶¨£¬»¹ÓÐÆäËû¸÷ÖÖ¿ÉÄÜÉè¶¨µÄ°ì·¨£¬ ¿É²Î¿´\nameurl{http://www.ccil.org/}{}¡£
\end{itemize}





\subsection{X ÊÓ´°ÏµÍ³ (XFree86)}






\subsubsection{Éè¶¨XËÅ·þÆ÷}



¹é¸ù½áµ×£¬Éè¶¨XËÅ·þÆ÷ÒÑ¾­Ã»ÓÐÒÔÇ°ÄÇ÷áÀ§ÄÑ¡£ËùÓÐ°æ±¾µÄ Linux ÏÖÔÚ¶¼°üÀ¨ÁËÉè¶¨X11µÄ¹¤¾ß£¨{\ttfamily XConfigurator}¡¢{\ttfamily sax}¡¢{\ttfamily XF86Setup}
»òÖÁÉÙÓÐ{\ttfamily xf86config}£©¡£Ä¿Ç°XËÅ·þÆ÷µÄÉèÖÃ¼¸ºõÍêÈ«×Ô¶¯£¬
Ö»ÊÇÓÐÉÙÊý¼¸ÖÖÊÓÏñ¿¨¿ÉÄÜ¾Ü¾ø¹¤×÷¡£ÔÚÉè¶¨XËÅ·þÆ÷Ê±ÈçÔâÓöÀ§ÄÑ£¬¿ÉÓÃÏÂÁÐ¼òµ¥µÄ·½·¨½â¾ö£º

\begin{itemize}
\item È·¶¨°²×°ÁËÍ¨ÓÃµÄVGAËÅ·þÆ÷£»
\item Á¬½Óµ½\nameurl{ftp://ftp.XFree86.org/pub/XFree86/current/binaries}{}£¬cdµ½ÊÊµ±µÄ Linux ×ÓÄ¿Â¼£¬ÏÂÔØ{\ttfamily X\_version\_bin.tgz}¡¢{\ttfamily X\_version\_set.tgz}ºÍËùÓÐËÅ·þÆ÷¡£
ÔÚÆäËûÈí¼þÖÐ£¬µÚÒ»¸ö´æµµÈí¼þÄÚÔØÓÐ×îÐÂµÄ{\ttfamily SuperProbe}£»


\item ½«{\ttfamily X\_version\_bin.tgz}´ò¿ªµ½Ò»¸öÁÙÊ±Ä¿Â¼£¬cdµ½¸ÃÄ¿Â¼£¬È»ááÔËÐÐ
{\ttfamily ./SuperProbe}¡£Èç¹ûÕâ¸ö³ÌÊ½²âµÃÊÓÏñ¿¨£¬ÄÇ¾ÍÓÐ¿ÉÄÜÉè¶¨ÊÓÏñ¿¨¡£·ñÔò¾ÍÃ»ÓÐÏ£Íû£»
\item ´Ó\url{/usr/X11R6/}°²×°¸÷¸öËÅ·þÆ÷ºÍ{\ttfamily X\_version\_set.tgz}£¬È»ááÔËÐÐ
{\ttfamily XF86Setup}¡£
\end{itemize}


ÕâÖÖ·½·¨Ò»°ã¶¼ÍòÎÞÒ»Ê§£¬µ«¸÷ÈËµÄÇé¿ö¿ÉÄÜ²»Í¬¡£X11²»¿ªÊ¼ÔËÐÐµÄ¶àÊýÔ­ÒòÊÇÊÓÏñÆ÷µÄ²ÎÊýÑ¡Ôñ¹ý¸ß¡£
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ÕâÐ©²Ù×÷Ó¦½÷É÷Ð¡ÐÄ£¬¿ÉÄÜ»áËð»µÊÓÏñÆ÷£¡






\subsubsection{Êý×ÖÐ¡¼üÅÌ}



ÉÏÎÄÒÑ¾­Ê¾¡õÈçºÎÉè¶¨¼¸¸öÌØ±ð¼üÎ»¡£Èç¹ûÊ¹ÓÃXjed£¬Ê¾¡õÎÄµµ{\ttfamily .Xmodmap}¾Í·ûºÏÐèÒª£¬
µ«È±µãÊÇÎÞ·¨Ê¹ÓÃÊý×ÖÐ¡¼üÅÌ£¨keypad£©¡£Òò´ËÐèÒª{\ttfamily .Xmodmap.num}Áí×÷Éè¶¨£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
! Definitions can be found in <X11/keysymdef.h>
! ÔÚ<X11/keysymdef.h>ÖÐ¿ÉÕÒµ½¸÷Ïî¶¨Òå
keycode 77  = Num_Lock
keycode 112 = KP_Divide
keycode 63  = KP_Multiply
keycode 82  = KP_Subtract
keycode 86  = KP_Add
keycode 79  = KP_7
keycode 80  = KP_8
keycode 81  = KP_9
keycode 83  = KP_4
keycode 84  = KP_5
keycode 85  = KP_6
keycode 87  = KP_1
keycode 88  = KP_2
keycode 89  = KP_3
keycode 90  = KP_0
keycode 91  = KP_Decimal
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


È·¶¨\url{/etc/X11/XF86Config}ÖÐ²»µÃÓÐÏÂÁÐÈýÐÐ£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
  ServerNumLock
  Xleds
  XkbDisable
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


·ñÔòÓÃ\#×¢Ïú¡£ÒªÖØÐÂÊ¹ÓÃÊý×ÖÐ¡¼üÅÌ£¬ÔËÐÐÖ¸Áî{\ttfamily xmodmap .Xmodmap.num}¡£




\subsubsection{ÓÃxdmÍ¼ÏñµÇÂ¼}



ÒªÊ¹ÓÃÍ¼ÏñµÇÂ¼£¬²»·ÁÐÞ¸Ä\url{/etc/inittab}£¬Ê¹Æä°üº¬ÏÂÁÐÄÚÈÝ£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
x:5:respawn:/usr/bin/X11/xdm -nodaemon
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


ÆäÖÐ5ÊÇX11µÄÔËÐÐ¼¶±ð£¨runlevel£©£¨S.u.S.E. ÓÃ4£©¡£°´ÕÕÏÂÁÐ·½·¨ÐÞ¸ÄÄ¬ÈÏÔËÐÐ¼¶±ð£¨Í¨³£Îª2»ò3£©£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
id:5:initdefault:
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


ÑÕÉ«µÄÊýÖµÉè¶¨ÓÚ\url{/etc/X11/xdm/Xserver}£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
:0 local /usr/X11R6/bin/X :0 -bpp 16 vt07  # first X server, 65k colours
:1 local /usr/X11R6/bin/X :1 -bpp 32 vt08  # second X server, true colour
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


Èç¹ûÒÑÓÐ{\ttfamily .xinitrc}£¬½«Æä¸´ÖÆ³É{\ttfamily .xsession}£¬²¢ÔËÐÐ{\ttfamily chmod +x .xsession}Ê¹Æä³ÉÎª¿ÉÖ´ÐÐµµ¡£È»ááÔËÐÐÖ¸Áî{\ttfamily telinit 5}£¬ÄÇ¾Í´ó¹¦¸æ³ÉÁË¡£




\subsubsection{ÊÓ´°¹ÜÀíÆ÷}



Ò»µ©XËÅ·þÆ÷ÄÜ¹»ÎÞÎóµØ¹¤×÷£¬ÄÇ¾ÍÓÐ¸÷ÖÖ×éºÏµÄÉèÖÃ£»µ±È»£¬ÕâµÃ¿´ÓÃÄÄÖÖÊÓ´°¹ÜÀíÆ÷(window manager)£¬Ä¿Ç°¾ÍÓÐ¼¸Ê®ÖÖ¿ÉÑ¡¡£¶àÊýÉèÖÃ¶¼ÊÇÐÞ¸ÄÒ»¡¢Á½¸öÖ÷Ä¿Â¼ÄÚµÄÎÄ±¾ÎÄ¼þ(ASCII files)£»Ò²ÓÐ¸ù±¾²»Ðè×÷ÈÎºÎÐÞ¸ÄµÄÊÓ´°¹ÜÀíÆ÷£¬¶øÓÃÒ»¸öÐ¡³ÌÊ½»òÉõÖÁ²Ëµ¥À´¹ÜÀí¡£



¾ÙÀýÈçÏÂ£º

\begin{itemize}
\item  {\bfseries Êôì¶fvwm¼Ò×å}: ¿½±´
\url{/etc/X11/fvwm/system.fvwmrc}
(»òÀàËÆµÄ³ÌÊ½)µ½Ö÷Ä¿Â¼£¬ ´ò¿ªÊÔÓÃ¡£ÓÃÕâÖÖ·½·¨¿ÉÄÜ»áÀË·Ñ²»ÉÙÊ±¼ä£¬²»¹ýÕâÑù²Å»áÕæÕýÖªµÀËüµÄÌØÐÔ£¬²¢ÁË½âÊÇ·ñÍ¶ÄãËùºÃ£»
\item  {\bfseries WindowMaker}: ËüÓÐ¼¸¸öÉèÖÃÎÄµµ£¬¶¼ÔÚ
{\ttfamily \$HOME/GNUstep}ÄÚ£¬²¢ÓÐÒ»¸öÏàµ±²»´íµÄÐ¡³ÌÊ½(applet)£»
\item  {\bfseries KDE} ºÍ {\bfseries Gnome}: Ã»ÓÐÈÎºÎÐÞ¸ÄÖ®´¦£ºÈÎºÎÉè¶¨¶¼Í¨¹ý²Ëµ¥½øÐÐ¡£
\end{itemize}


¼òÑÔÖ®£¬Èç¹û²»ÔÚºõÐÞ¸ÄÉèÖÃÎÄµµ£¬¿ÉÑ¡ÓÃ{\ttfamily icewm}¡¢{\ttfamily fvwm*}¡¢{\ttfamily blackbox}µÈ£»
·ñÔò¾ÍÑ¡ÓÃÄ¿Ç°³£¼ûµÄKDE¡¢Gnome¡¢WindowMakerºÍXFCE¡£

Ó¦¸ÃÒªÓÐÒ»¸öºÃµÄ{\ttfamily .xinitrc}¡£¾ÙÀýÈçÏÂ£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
#!/bin/sh
# $HOME/.xinitrc

usermodmap=$HOME/.Xmodmap
xmodmap $usermodmap

xset s noblank  # turn off the screen saver -- ¹Ø±ÕÆÁÄ»±£»¤Èí¼þ
xset s 300 2    # screen saver start after 5 min -- 5·ÖÖÓÖ®ááÆô¶¯ÆÁÄ»±£»¤
xset m 10 5     # set mouse acceleration -- Éè¶¨Êó±êµÄËÙ¶È

rxvt -cr green -ls -bg black -fg white -fn 7x14 \
  -geometry 80x30+57+0 &

if [ "$1" = "" ] ; then  # default
  WINMGR=wmaker
else
  WINMGR=$1
fi

$WINMGR
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


ËäÈ»²¢·Ç±ØÐè£¬µ«½«Æä±ä³É¿ÉÖ´ÐÐµµ{\ttfamily chmod +x .xinitrc}¡£

Õâ¸ö {\ttfamily .xinitrc} ÈÃÄãÑ¡ÓÃÊÓ´°¹ÜÀíÆ÷£º

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
$ startx startkde # or other w.m. -- »òÆäËûÊÓ´°¹ÜÀíÆ÷
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}


(²»¹ýËü²»ÊÊÓÃÓÚÓÐÐ©°æ±¾µÄ S.u.S.E.)




\subsubsection{X11 Ó¦ÓÃÈí¼þµÄÄ¬ÈÏÖµ}



ÕÒ³ö\url{app-defaults}µÄËùÔÚÎ»ÖÃ(Ó¦¸ÃÔÚ\url{/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/app-defaults})¡£
ÓÐ¼¸¸öÓ¦ÓÃÈí¼þµÄÉèÖÃÎÄµµ¶¼ÔÚÕâ¸öÄ¿Â¼ÄÚ¡£




\subsection{Ê¹ÓÃÕßµÄÉèÖÃÎÄµµ}



Íê³É Dot ÎÄµµµÄ±à¼­áá£¬½«ÕâÐ©ÉèÖÃÎÄµµ°´ \ref{config} {(Èí¼þÉèÖÃ)}µÄ·½·¨³­µ½ \url{/etc/skel}¡£


\subsection{ÖÆ×÷ .rpm}

{\ttfamily rpm}ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¹ÜÀíÕûÌ×Èí¼þµÄºÃ·½·¨£¬³ý·ÇÔÚÌØÊâÇé¿öÏÂ(°²È«ÀíÓÉ)£¬
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È»ááÔÙ°²×°£»²Î¿¼RPM  HOWTO¡£´ËÍâ£¬ÔÚÊ¹ÓÃ±È½ÏÐÂµÄ{\ttfamily gcc}°æ±¾Ê±£¬ÀýÈç
{\ttfamily egcs}»ò{\ttfamily pgcc}£¬
²»·Á½«ÏÂÁÐÄÚÈÝ¼ÓÈë{\ttfamily /etc/rpmrc}£º



\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
optflags: i386 -O2 -mpentium
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}





\subsection{Upgrading}



ÔÚ»úÆ÷Éý¼¶Ê±£¬Ó¦Ê×ÏÈÖÆ×÷±¸·Ý£¬²¢±£´æÒ»Ð©ÖØÒªÎÄµµ£¬ÆäÖÐÓ¦°üÀ¨
\url{/etc/X11/XF86Config}¡¢\url{/usr/bin/fax}ºÍ\url{/usr/local}
ÖÐµÄËùÓÐÎÄµµÒÔ¼°ÄÚºËÉèÖÃ¡¢È«Ì×\url{/etc}ºÍ\url{/var/spool/mail}ÖÐµÄËùÓÐÓÊ¼þ¡£

È»ááÓ¦¸ÃÉý¼¶£¨¼«ÉÙ½µ¼¶£©Èí¼þ°æ±¾¸½´øµÄÓ¦ÓÃÈí¼þ£¬ºÍÔö¼ÓÓ¦ÓÃÈí¼þ¡£




\section{ÉèÖÃÈí¼þ \label{Config sw}}

ÓÐÒ»Ð©³ÌÊ½Ê¹ Linux Ò×ÓÚ°²×°ºÍÉèÖÃ¡£ÓÐÐ©³ÌÊ½ÒÑ¾­³ÉÎª±ê×¼£º Red Hat ºÍ Caldera ÒÔ¼°Ò»Ð©¸½´ø {\ttfamily setup}¡¢{\ttfamily printtool}¡¢{\ttfamily netcfg}¡¢{\ttfamily usertool}µÄ°æ±¾£¬
S.u.S.E.·îËÍÕûÌ×ÉèÖÃ³ÌÐòYast¡£ÆäËûÓÐÓÃµÄ³ÌÐò°üÀ¨£º

\begin{itemize}
\item  {\bfseries The Dotfile Generator}: XÊÓ´°µÄÓ¦ÓÃÈí¼þºÍÄ£×é£¬ÒÔ±ãÉèÖÃ{\ttfamily emacs}¡¢{\ttfamily bash}¡¢{\ttfamily procmail}µÈÈí¼þ¡£
ÆäÍøÖ·Îª\nameurl{http://www.imada.ou.dk/}{}
\item  {\bfseries  Linux conf}: ×îÓÐÓÃµÄÉèÖÃ¹¤¾ß¡£ËüÄÜÔÚÖ÷¿ØÌ¨ºÍXÏÂ¾ù¿ÉÔËÐÐ¡£Òª²éÕÒ×ÊÁÏ£¬²»·ÁÀûÓÃ\nameurl{http://www.solucorp.qc.ca/ Linux conf}{}ÍøÖ·¡£
\end{itemize}





\section{½áÊø\label{½áÊø}}






\subsection{°æÈ¨ËµÃ÷£¨ÒëÕß£º±£ÁôÔ­ÎÄ£©}



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\subsection{·´À¡Òâ¼û}



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\subsection{ÃâÔðÉùÃ÷Disclaimer}



¡°ÏµÍ³ÉèÖÃ  HOWTO ¡±ÊÇÎÒ Guido Gonzato
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Guido   {\ttfamily =8-)}

\end{document}
