


Schily's USER COMMANDS                                  READCD(1)



NNAAMMEE
     readcd - read or write data Compact Discs or related madia

SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
     rreeaaddccdd [ ddeevv==_d_e_v_i_c_e ][ _o_p_t_i_o_n_s ]


DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
     RReeaaddccdd is used to read or write Compact Discs.

  DDeevviiccee nnaammiinngg
     Most users do not need to care about device naming  at  all.
     If no ddeevv== option was specified, rreeaaddccdd implements aauuttoo ttaarr--
     ggeett support and automagically finds the drive in  case  that
     exactly  one  CD-ROM  type drive is available in the system.
     In case that more than one CD-ROM type drive exists  on  the
     system,  a  list  of  possible device name parameters may be
     retrieved with rreeaaddccdd -ssccaannbbuuss or from  the  target  example
     from  the output of rreeaaddccdd ddeevv==hheellpp, then the ddeevv== parameter
     may be set based on the device listing.

     The _d_e_v_i_c_e parameter to  the  ddeevv==  option  explained  below
     refers  to _s_c_s_i_b_u_s/_t_a_r_g_e_t/_l_u_n of the CD/DVD/BluRay-Recorder.
     If a file /etc/default/cdrecord exists, the parameter to the
     ddeevv== option may also be a drive name label in said file (see
     FILES section).


OOPPTTIIOONNSS
     If no options except the _d_e_v= option  have  been  specified,
     rreeaaddccdd  goes  into interactive mode.  Select a primary func-
     tion and then follow the instructions.

  IInnffoorrmmaattiivvee ooppttiioonnss
     -hheellpp
          display version information for rreeaaddccdd on standard out-
          put.

     -vveerrssiioonn
          Print version information and exit.

     -vv   Increment the level of general verbosity by one.   This
          is used e.g. to display the progress of the process.

  RReeaaddccdd ffuunnccttiioonnaall ooppttiioonnss
     -cclloonnee
          Do a clone read. Read the CD with all sub-channel  data
          and  a  full TOC.  The full TOC data will be put into a
          file with similar name as with the ff==  option  but  the
          suffix ..ttoocc added.

          Note that reading in cclloonnee mode results  in  having  no



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Schily's USER COMMANDS                                  READCD(1)



          error correction at sub-channel level. Even in the main
          data channel, there is less error correction than  with
          other  read  modes.  This results in a slightly quality
          degradation. Avoid copying audio CDs in cclloonnee mode  for
          this reason.

     -cc22ssccaann
          Scans the whole  CD  or  the  range  specified  by  the
          sseeccttoorrss==_r_a_n_g_e  for C2 errors. C2 errors are errors that
          are uncorrectable after the second stage of the 24/28 +
          28/32  Reed  Solomon  correction  system at audio level
          (2352 bytes sector size). If an audio CD has C2 errors,
          interpolation  is  needed to hide the errors. If a data
          CD has C2  errors,  these  errors  are  in  most  cases
          corrected by the ECC/EDC code that makes 2352 bytes out
          of 2048 data bytes. The ECC/EDC code should be able  to
          correct about 100 C2 error bytes per sector.

          If you find C2 errors you may want to reduce the  speed
          using the ssppeeeedd== option as C2 errors may be a result of
          dynamic unbalance on the medium.

     -ccxxssccaann
          Scans the whole  CD  or  the  range  specified  by  the
          sseeccttoorrss==_r_a_n_g_e  for  C1/C2/CU  errors.   In  non-verbose
          mode, only a summary is printed.  With -vv, a  line  for
          each  non  error  free  second is printed.  with -vvvv, a
          line for each second is printed.  This scan method only
          works for a few drives.

     -eeddcc-ccoorrrr
          In  this  mode,  rreeaaddccdd  reads  CD  data   sectors   in
          uncorrected  audio  mode  and then tries to correct the
          data using  the  ECC/EDC  decoder  library  from  Heiko
          Eissfeldt.  As this library implements looping over two
          layers of error  correction,  rreeaaddccdd  may  be  able  to
          correct  more  data  than  the  firmware  of the CD-ROM
          drive.

          This option is currently experimental and only applica-
          ble  with  CD  media  and currently only supports plain
          2048 Byte CD-ROM sectors.

     ff==_f_i_l_e
          Specify the filename where the output should be written
          or  the  input  should  be  taken  from.  Using  '-' as
          filename will cause rreeaaddccdd to use ssttddoouutt resp. ssttddiinn.

     -ffaaccttoorr
          Output the speed  values  for  mmeesshhppooiinnttss==#  as  factor
          based on _s_i_n_g_l_e _s_p_e_e_d of the current medium.  This only
          works if rreeaaddccdd is able to determine the current medium



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Schily's USER COMMANDS                                  READCD(1)



          type.

     -ffuullllttoocc
          Retrieve a full TOC from the current disk and print  it
          in hex.

     mmeesshhppooiinnttss==#
          Print read-speed at # locations.  The purpose  of  this
          option  is  to create a list of read speed values suit-
          able for e.g.  ggnnuupplloott.  The speed  values  are  calcu-
          lated  assuming  that  1000  bytes  are one kilobyte as
          documented in  the  SCSI  standard.   The  output  data
          created for this purpose is written to _s_t_d_o_u_t.

     -nnooccoorrrr
          Switch the drive into a  mode  where  it  ignores  read
          errors  in data sectors that are a result of uncorrect-
          able ECC/EDC errors before  reading.   If  rreeaaddccdd  com-
          pletes,  the  error  recovery  mode  of  the  drive  is
          switched back to the remembered old mode.

     -nnooeerrrroorr
          Do not abort if the high level error checking in rreeaaddccdd
          found an uncorrectable error in the data stream.

     -nnoottrruunncc
          Do not truncate the output file when opening it.

     -oovveerrhheeaadd
          Meter the SCSI command overhead time.  This is done  by
          executing  several commands 1000 times and printing the
          total time used. If you divide the displayed  times  by
          1000,  you  get  the average overhead time for a single
          command.

     -ppii88ssccaann
          Scans the whole DVD  or  the  range  specified  by  the
          sseeccttoorrss==_r_a_n_g_e  for ppiissuumm88 errors.  In non-verbose mode,
          only a summary is printed.  With -vv, a  line  for  each
          non  error  free  block  of 8 * 32 kB is printed.  with
          -vvvv, a line for each block of 8 *  32  kB  is  printed.
          This scan method only works for a few drives.

     -ppiiffssccaann
          Scans the whole DVD  or  the  range  specified  by  the
          sseeccttoorrss==_r_a_n_g_e  for  ppiiff  errors.   In non-verbose mode,
          only a summary is printed.  With -vv, a  line  for  each
          non  error free block of 32 kB is printed.  with -vvvv, a
          line for each block of 32 kB  is  printed.   This  scan
          method only works for a few drives.

     -pplloott



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Schily's USER COMMANDS                                  READCD(1)



          This option modified the behavior for -ccxxssccaann, -ppii88ssccaann
          and -ppiiffssccaann.  The output is better suited for gnuplot.

     rreettrriieess==#
          Set the retry count for high level retries in rreeaaddccdd to
          #.   The  default is to do 128 retries which may be too
          much if you like to read a CD with many unreadable sec-
          tors.

     sseeccttoorrss==_r_a_n_g_e
          Specify a sector range that should be read.  The  range
          is  specified  by  the  starting sector number, a minus
          sign and the ending sector number.  The end  sector  is
          not  included in the list, so sseeccttoorrss==0-0 will not read
          anything and may be used to  check  for  a  CD  in  the
          drive.

     ssppeeeedd==#
          Set the speed factor of the read or write process to #.
          #  is  an integer, representing a multiple of the audio
          speed.  This is about 150 KB/s for CD-ROM and about 172
          KB/s  for  CD-Audio.   If  no  _s_p_e_e_d option is present,
          rreeaaddccdd will use  maximum  speed.   Only  MMC  compliant
          drives will benefit from this option.  The speed of non
          MMC drives is not changed.

          Using a lower speed may increase the readability  of  a
          CD or DVD.

     -ww   Switch to write mode.   Writing  is  only  possible  to
          DVD-RAM  media.  For other media, use ccddrreeccoorrdd instead.
          Note that  ccddrreeccoorrdd  also  supports  to  write  DVD-RAM
          media.

          If this option is not present, rreeaaddccdd  reads  from  the
          specified device.

  SSCCSSII ooppttiioonnss
     ddeevv==_t_a_r_g_e_t
          Set the SCSI target for the CD/DVD/BluRay-Recorder, see
          notes  above.  A typical target device specification is
          ddeevv==_1,_6,_0 .  If a filename must  be  provided  together
          with  the  numerical target specification, the filename
          is implementation specific.  The  correct  filename  in
          this  case  can be found in the system specific manuals
          of the target operating system.  On  a  _F_r_e_e_B_S_D  system
          without _C_A_M support, you need to use the control device
          (e.g.  /_d_e_v/_r_c_d_0._c_t_l).  A correct device  specification
          in this case may be ddeevv==/_d_e_v/_r_c_d_0._c_t_l:@ .

        GGeenneerraall SSCCSSII aaddddrreessssiinngg
          The  _t_a_r_g_e_t  _d_e_v_i_c_e  to  the  ddeevv==  option  refers   to



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Schily's USER COMMANDS                                  READCD(1)



          _s_c_s_i_b_u_s/_t_a_r_g_e_t/_l_u_n  of the CD/DVD/BluRay-Recorder. Com-
          munication on _S_u_n_O_S  is  done  with  the  SCSI  general
          driver ssccgg.. Other operating systems are using a library
          simulation of this driver.  Possible syntax  is:   ddeevv==
          _s_c_s_i_b_u_s,_t_a_r_g_e_t,_l_u_n  or  ddeevv== _t_a_r_g_e_t,_l_u_n.  In the latter
          case, the CD/DVD/BluRay-Recorder has to be connected to
          the  default  SCSI bus of the machine.  _S_c_s_i_b_u_s, _t_a_r_g_e_t
          and _l_u_n are integer numbers. Some operating systems  or
          SCSI transport implementations may require to specify a
          filename in addition.  In this case the correct  syntax
          for  the device is:  ddeevv== _d_e_v_i_c_e_n_a_m_e:_s_c_s_i_b_u_s,_t_a_r_g_e_t, or
          ddeevv== _d_e_v_i_c_e_n_a_m_e:_t_a_r_g_e_t,_l_u_n.  If the name of the  device
          node that has been specified on such a system refers to
          exactly one SCSI device, a shorthand in the  form  ddeevv==
          _d_e_v_i_c_e_n_a_m_e:@  or  ddeevv==  _d_e_v_i_c_e_n_a_m_e:@,_l_u_n  may  be  used
          instead of ddeevv== _d_e_v_i_c_e_n_a_m_e:_s_c_s_i_b_u_s,_t_a_r_g_e_t,

        RReemmoottee SSCCSSII aaddddrreessssiinngg
          To access remote SCSI devices, you need to prepend  the
          SCSI  device  name  by  a  remote device indicator. The
          remote device indicator is either RREEMMOOTTEE::_u_s_e_r@_h_o_s_t:  or
          RREEMMOOTTEE::_h_o_s_t:   A  valid remote SCSI device name may be:
          RREEMMOOTTEE::_u_s_e_r@_h_o_s_t:  to allow remote SCSI bus scanning or
          RREEMMOOTTEE::_u_s_e_r@_h_o_s_t:_1,_0,_0  to  access  the  SCSI device at
          _h_o_s_t connected to SCSI bus # 1,target  0,  lun  0.   In
          order  to  allow  remote access to a specific _h_o_s_t, the
          rrssccssii(1) program needs to be present and configured  on
          the _h_o_s_t.

        AAlltteerrnnaattee SSCCSSII ttrraannssppoorrttss
          CCddrreeccoorrdd is completely based on SSCCSSII commands but  this
          is  no  problem  as all CD/DVD/BluRay writers ever made
          use SSCCSSII commands for  the  communication.  Even  AATTAAPPII
          drives are just SSCCSSII drives that inherently use the _A_T_A
          _p_a_c_k_e_t _i_n_t_e_r_f_a_c_e as SSCCSSII command transport layer  build
          into  the IDE (ATA) transport.  You may need to specify
          an alternate transport layer on the  command   line  if
          your  OS  does  not implement a fully integrated kernel
          driver subsystem that allows to access any drive  using
          SSCCSSII commands via a single unique user interface.

          To access SCSI devices via alternate transport  layers,
          you need to prepend the SCSI device name by a transport
          layer indicator.  The transport layer indicator may  be
          something like UUSSCCSSII:: or AATTAAPPII::.  To get a list of sup-
          ported transport layers for  your  platform,  use  ddeevv==
          _H_E_L_P:

        PPoorrttaabbiilliittyy BBaacckkggrroouunndd
          To make rreeaaddccdd portable to all UNIX platforms, the syn-
          tax  ddeevv== _d_e_v_i_c_e_n_a_m_e:_s_c_s_i_b_u_s,_t_a_r_g_e_t, is preferred as it
          hides OS specific knowledge about device names from the



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Schily's USER COMMANDS                                  READCD(1)



          user.   A specific OS may not necessarily support a way
          to specify a real device file name nor a way to specify
          _s_c_s_i_b_u_s,_t_a_r_g_e_t,_l_u_n.

          _S_c_s_i_b_u_s 0 is the default SCSI bus on the machine. Watch
          the  boot  messages  for  more information or look into
          //vvaarr//aaddmm//mmeessssaaggeess for more information about  the  SCSI
          configuration of your machine.  If you have problems to
          figure out what values for _s_c_s_i_b_u_s,_t_a_r_g_e_t,_l_u_n should be
          used,  try  the  -ssccaannbbuuss  option  of  rreeaaddccdd described
          below.

        UUssiinngg llooggiiccaall nnaammeess ffoorr ddeevviicceess
          If no _d_e_v option is present, rreeaaddccdd will try to get the
          device from the CCDDRR__DDEEVVIICCEE environment.

          If a file  /etc/default/cdrecord  exists,  and  if  the
          argument  to the ddeevv== option or the CCDDRR__DDEEVVIICCEE environ-
          ment does not contain the characters ',', '/',  '@'  or
          ':',  it is interpreted as a device label name that was
          defined in the file  /etc/default/cdrecord  (see  FILES
          section).

        AAuuttoottaarrggeett MMooddee
          If no ddeevv== option  and  no  CCDDRR__DDEEVVIICCEE  environment  is
          present,  or  if it only contains a transport specifyer
          but no address notation, rreeaaddccdd tries to scan the  SCSI
          address  space  for  CD-ROM  drives.  If exactly one is
          found, this is used by default.

     ddeebbuugg==#, -dd
          Set the misc debug value to # (with debug=#) or  incre-
          ment  the  misc  debug  level  by one (with -d). If you
          specify -_d_d, this equals to ddeebbuugg==_2.  This may help  to
          find  problems  while  opening a driver for libscg.  as
          well as with sector  sizes  and  sector  types.   Using
          -ddeebbuugg slows down the process and may be the reason for
          a buffer underrun.

     kkddeebbuugg==#, kkdd==#
          Tell the ssccgg-driver to modify the  kernel  debug  value
          while SCSI commands are running.

     -ssccaannbbuuss
          Scan all SCSI devices on all SCSI busses and print  the
          inquiry  strings.  This option may be used to find SCSI
          address of  the  devices  on  a  system.   The  numbers
          printed out as labels are computed by: bbuuss ** 110000 ++ ttaarr--
          ggeett

     -ssiilleenntt, -ss
          Do not print  out  a  status  report  for  failed  SCSI



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Schily's USER COMMANDS                                  READCD(1)



          commands.

     ttiimmeeoouutt==#
          Set  the  default  SCSI  command  timeout  value  to  #
          seconds.   The  default  SCSI  command  timeout  is the
          minimum timeout used for sending SCSI commands.   If  a
          SCSI  command  fails  due  to a timeout, you may try to
          raise  the  default  SCSI  command  timeout  above  the
          timeout  value  of  the failed command.  If the command
          runs correctly with a raised  command  timeout,  please
          report  the  better timeout value and the corresponding
          command to the author of the program.   If  no  _t_i_m_e_o_u_t
          option  is  present, a default timeout of 40 seconds is
          used.

     ttss==# Set the maximum transfer size for a single SCSI command
          to #.  The syntax for the ttss== option is the same as for
          cdrecord fs=# or sdd bs=#.

          If no ttss== option has been specified, rreeaaddccdd defaults to
          a  transfer size of 256 kB. If libscg gets lower values
          from the operating system, the value is reduced to  the
          maximum value that is possible with the current operat-
          ing system.  Sometimes, it may help to  further  reduce
          the  transfer  size  or to enhance it, but note that it
          may take a long time to find a better value by  experi-
          menting with the ttss== option.

     -VV   Increment the verbose level with respect of  SCSI  com-
          mand  transport  by  one.  This helps to debug problems
          during the process, that occur in the  CD-Recorder.  If
          you  get incomprehensible error messages you should use
          this flag to get more detailed output.  -VVVV  will  show
          data buffer content in addition.  Using -VV or -VVVV slows
          down the process.

EEXXAAMMPPLLEESS
     For all examples below, it will be assumed that the drive is
     connected  to  the primary SCSI bus of the machine. The SCSI
     target id is set to 2.

     To read the complete media from a CD-ROM writing the data to
     the file _c_d_i_m_a_g_e._r_a_w:

         readcd dev=2,0 f=cdimage.raw

     To read sectors from range 150 ... 10000 from a CD-ROM writ-
     ing the data to the file _c_d_i_m_a_g_e._r_a_w:

         readcd dev=2,0 sectors=150-10000 f=cdimage.raw





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Schily's USER COMMANDS                                  READCD(1)



     To write the data from the file _c_d_i_m_a_g_e._r_a_w (e.g. a filesys-
     tem image from mmkkiissooffss) to a DVD-RAM, call:

         readcd dev=2,0 -w f=cdimage.raw


EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT
     RRSSHH  If the RRSSHH environment is present, the  remote  connec-
          tion will not be created via rrccmmdd(3) but by calling the
          program pointed to by RRSSHH.  Use  e.g.  RRSSHH==/usr/bin/ssh
          to create a secure shell connection.

          Note that this forces ccddrreeccoorrdd to create a pipe to  the
          rrsshh((11))  program  and  disallows  ccddrreeccoorrdd  to  directly
          access the network socket to the remote  server.   This
          makes  it  impossible  to set up performance parameters
          and slows down the connection compared to a  rroooott  ini-
          tiated rrccmmdd((33)) connection.

     RRSSCCSSII
          If the RRSSCCSSII environment is present,  the  remote  SCSI
          server  will  not be the program //oopptt//sscchhiillyy//ssbbiinn//rrssccssii
          but the program pointed to by  RRSSCCSSII.   Note  that  the
          remote  SCSI server program name will be ignored if you
          log in using an account that has been  created  with  a
          remote SCSI server program as login shell.

FFIILLEESS
SSEEEE AALLSSOO
     ccddrreeccoorrdd(1), mmkkiissooffss(1), ssccgg(7), ffbbkk(7), rrccmmdd(3), sssshh(1).


NNOOTTEESS
     If you don't want to allow users to become root on your sys-
     tem,  rreeaaddccdd  may safely be installed suid root. This allows
     all users or a group of users with no root privileges to use
     rreeaaddccdd.. RReeaaddccdd in this case will only allow access to CD-ROM
     type drives- To give all user access to use rreeaaddccdd,, enter:

          chown root /usr/local/bin/readcd
          chmod 4711 /usr/local/bin/readcd

     To give a restricted group of users access to rreeaaddccdd enter:

          chown root /usr/local/bin/readcd
          chgrp cdburners /usr/local/bin/readcd
          chmod 4710 /usr/local/bin/readcd

     and add a group _c_d_b_u_r_n_e_r_s on your system.

     Never give write permissions  for  non  root  users  to  the
     /_d_e_v/_s_c_g?   devices   unless  you  would  allow  anybody  to



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Schily's USER COMMANDS                                  READCD(1)



     read/write/format all your disks.

     You should not  connect  old  drives  that  do  not  support
     disconnect/reconnect  to  either  the  SCSI bus that is con-
     nected to the CD-Recorder or the source disk.

     When using rreeaaddccdd with the LLiinnuuxx SSCCSSII  ggeenneerriicc  ddrriivveerr..  You
     should  note that rreeaaddccdd uses a layer, that tries to emulate
     the functionality of the scg driver on top of the drives  of
     the local operating system.  Unfortunately, the sg driver on
     LLiinnuuxx has several flaws:

     +o    It cannot see if a SCSI command could not  be  sent  at
          all.

     +o    It cannot get the SCSI status  byte.  RReeaaddccdd  for  that
          reason  cannot  report  failing  SCSI  commands in some
          situations.

     +o    It cannot get real DMA count of transfer. RReeaaddccdd cannot
          tell you if there is an DMA residual count.

     +o    It cannot get number of bytes valid in auto sense data.
          RReeaaddccdd  cannot  tell  you  if device transfers no sense
          data at all.

     +o    It  fetches  to  few  data  in   auto   request   sense
          (CCS/SCSI-2/SCSI-3 needs >= 18).


DDIIAAGGNNOOSSTTIICCSS
     A typical error message for a SCSI command looks like:

          readcd: I/O error. test unit ready: scsi sendcmd: no error
          CDB:  00 20 00 00 00 00
          status: 0x2 (CHECK CONDITION)
          Sense Bytes: 70 00 05 00 00 00 00 0A 00 00 00 00 25 00 00 00 00 00
          Sense Key: 0x5 Illegal Request, Segment 0
          Sense Code: 0x25 Qual 0x00 (logical unit not supported) Fru 0x0
          Sense flags: Blk 0 (not valid)
          cmd finished after 0.002s timeout 40s

     The first line gives information about the transport of  the
     command.   The  text  after  the first colon gives the error
     text for the system call from the view  of  the  kernel.  It
     usually  is:   II//OO  eerrrroorr  unless other problems happen. The
     next words contain a short description for the SCSI  command
     that fails. The rest of the line tells you if there were any
     problems for the transport of the command over the SCSI bus.
     ffaattaall  eerrrroorr means that it was not possible to transport the
     command (i.e.  no  device  present  at  the  requested  SCSI
     address).



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Schily's USER COMMANDS                                  READCD(1)



     The second line prints the SCSI command descriptor block for
     the failed command.

     The third line gives information on  the  SCSI  status  code
     returned  by  the  command,  if the transport of the command
     succeeds. This is error information from the SCSI device.

     The fourth line is a hex dump  of  the  auto  request  sense
     information for the command.

     The fifth line is the error text for the sense key if avail-
     able,  followed  by the segment number that is only valid if
     the command was a _c_o_p_y command. If the error message is  not
     directly  related  to the current command, the text _d_e_f_e_r_r_e_d
     _e_r_r_o_r is appended.

     The sixth line is the error text for the sense code and  the
     sense  qualifier if available.  If the type of the device is
     known, the sense data is decoded from tables in _s_c_s_i_e_r_r_s._c .
     The text is followed by the error value for a field replace-
     able unit.

     The seventh line prints the block number that is related  to
     the  failed  command  and  text for several error flags. The
     block number may not be valid.

     The eight line reports the timeout set up for  this  command
     and the time that the command really needed to complete.


BBUUGGSS
CCRREEDDIITTSS
MMAAIILLIINNGG LLIISSTTSS
     If you want to actively take  part  on  the  development  of
     cdrecord,  you  may join the developer mailing list via this
     URL:

     hhttttpp::////lliissttss..bbeerrlliiooss..ddee//mmaaiillmmaann//lliissttiinnffoo//ccddrreeccoorrdd--ddeevveellooppeerrss


AAUUTTHHOORR
     Joerg Schilling
     Seestr. 110
     D-13353 Berlin
     Germany

     Additional information can be found on:
     http://cdrecord.berlios.de/private/cdrecord.html

     If you have support questions, send them to:





Joerg Schilling     Last change: Version 3.0                   10






Schily's USER COMMANDS                                  READCD(1)



     ccddrreeccoorrdd--ssuuppppoorrtt@@bbeerrlliiooss..ddee

     If you have definitely found a bug, send a mail to:

     ccddrreeccoorrdd--ddeevveellooppeerrss@@bbeerrlliiooss..ddee
     or jjooeerrgg..sscchhiilllliinngg@@ffookkuuss..ffrraauunnhhooffeerr..ddee

     To subscribe, use:

     hhttttpp::////lliissttss..bbeerrlliiooss..ddee//mmaaiillmmaann//lliissttiinnffoo//ccddrreeccoorrdd--ddeevveellooppeerrss
     or hhttttpp::////lliissttss..bbeerrlliiooss..ddee//mmaaiillmmaann//lliissttiinnffoo//ccddrreeccoorrdd--ssuuppppoorrtt

IINNTTEERRFFAACCEE SSTTAABBIILLIITTYY
     The interfaces provided by rreeaaddccdd are designed for long term
     stability.   As rreeaaddccdd depends on interfaces provided by the
     underlying operating system, the stability of the interfaces
     offered  by rreeaaddccdd depends on the interface stability of the
     OS interfaces. Modified interfaces in  the  OS  may  enforce
     modified interfaces in rreeaaddccdd.




































Joerg Schilling     Last change: Version 3.0                   11



