[37mphreaking is one of the dead/lost arts... so, remove p from the hpavc :(
it may be still around, mainly in gsm/cellular networks but for sure it 
has lost its glory of the 70-90s. so lets remember some stuff...

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[1moriginal article from:[0m
[1mhttps://www.hackthis.co.uk/articles/phone-phreaking-now-then[0m

[1;36mIntroduction[0m
The article presented here is about the various methods of phone phreaking
as one of the early manifestations of hacking into systems. Phreaking as we 
know it, is defined as playing , experimenting and exploiting the telephone 
network.

[1;36mWho are phone phreaks?[0m
A phone phreak is generally a blind person whose life basically depends upon 
the sound he hears. They may also be normal guys who have got exceptionally 
good hearing power and just by hearing the clicks, pops and whistle, they 
can do stuffs that we can't.

[1;36mThe beginning[0m
Though nothing specifically is known about its origins, it is supposedly 
thought that the art of hacking telephone network had been in practice since 
1960's by a group of people who were caught making long distance calls. 
Though there may be incidents which occurred prior to this, but this was 
the first reported incident about phone phreaks.

[1;36mMethods[0m
A lot of methods were used in phone phreaking but most of the older methods 
are no longer practical, the simple reason being the transformation of 
telephone lines from hand-worked job to digitised working. There are a lot 
of methods which were used and we will talk about them in detail as we move 
on in the article.

[1;36mThe old Mute Box[0m

A Mute Box was an electronic device which was used to receive long distance 
calls without being detected. What the Mute Box generally did was that it 
used to take a 2.7 kilohms resistor in series with the phone line, so that 
when the call came in, you had a little button that you pushed really fast 
and that would stop the ringing tone but would still leave the connection 
open. Because of this, there wouldn't be enough current to cause the 
telephone to be disconnected, and hence the billing equipment wouldn't get 
triggered.

[1;36mWhat does it do??[0m
It makes you receive the call from the person who is calling you absolutely 
free...that means he won't be charged anything.

[1;36mHow?[0m
Because you are not picking up the phone. You have left it on-hook. But at 
the same time, you are listening to the audio because audio can travel 
through that 2.7K resistor to the phone.

[1;36mLoop Around[0m
Loop Around numbers were numbers which began with 0044 or 0045. They were 
numbers which on calling produced a 1000 Hz tone which was interrupted 
every 10 seconds. So, if somebody called the 0045 at the time when you were 
on the 0044 call, both of you could get connected and could talk whatever 
you want, for as much time you wanted, absolutely free.

[1;36mParty Lines[0m
Party Lines were the numbers which were like numbers of a radio station 
that is ... busy numbers.In these numbers, you could actually talk between 
the busy beeps, and could give information to one another ... though it 
wasn't much preferred because it was a hard thing listening between the 
beeps.

[1;34mBlue Boxes[0m

This was the mother of all the boxes. Being the first box in history, it was 
the one which started the whole phreaking scene. The Blue Box was invented 
by John Draper who was also known as Captain Crunch in early 60s. He 
discovered that by sending a tone of 2600Hz over the telephone lines of 
AT&T, it was possible to make free calls.


[1;34mHow was it made?[0m
In the 1960s, there was a breakfast cereal known as Cap'n Crunch which 
offered a toy-whistle] prize in every box of the cereal. Somehow, John 
Draper discovered that the toy whistle just happened to produce a perfect 
2600Hz tone and so when he was transferred to England with his Air Force 
Unit he would receive calls from his friends and make them free for them by 
blowing his Cap'n crunch whistle into his end.

[31mRed Box[0m

These were similar boxes which were used to make free calls from payphones.

[31mHow?[0m
All they used to do was to emulate or mimick the sound that the operator 
hears when you drop in a coin, without actually dropping the coin in the 
phone. In the older times, they used to have a 3-coin payphone: when you put 
a nickel the sound was ding; when you put a dime, the sound was of ding-ding 
and when you put a quarter , the sound which came was like gong. And on 
hearing this sound the operator would know what coin you had just put in the 
phone. Then you would get credited the time allotted for a quarter, nickel 
or dime, without even paying a trifle.

[1;32mThe new[0m
There hasn't been much speculation about the new trends and methods of 
phone phreaking. However here are some ways which either directly or 
indirectly have served the purpose of phreaks in the recent times.

[1;32mQuiet Termination[0m
Quiet Termination lines are a type of test line used by the telephone 
company to test call routing. Many such numbers exist. Two such numbers 
had a greater significance outside the normal scope. These were the lines 
used during area code split and were known as Alberta Termination Test 
Lines. This feature connects the caller to a port with fixed resistance, 
600 ohms or 900 ohms being the most common. There should be nothing but 
dead silence on connection. Clicks, static or crosstalk will be clearly 
evident if a noisy line is used to dial this test.

[1;32mAlberta Termination Test Lines[0m
Alberta Termination Test lines are a rare type of line that was used just 
before sometime during the Telus area code split in Alberta. The numbers are
more or less the same as quiet termination lines and were used to test call 
routing in the new area code. Only two such numbers are known to exist, 
both of them are within the 1780 area code.

[1;32mLoop Line[0m
These numbers exist in linked pairs. Call one number and you'll get a tone. 
Call the other number and you get dead silence. If both are called at the 
same time they make a connection. It used to be that you could then talk 
over this connection, but now there are filters that block speech placed on 
most loops. The determining of the silent line wasn't possible because it 
depended on the whims and fancies of the Operator. These numbers generally 
were of a number ahead structure. For example, if one of the number was 
817-972-1890, the other one was 817-972-1891 and so were generally written 
like: 817-972-1890/1.

[1;32mANACs[0m
This test dialup will read off the number of the line you're calling from. 
On rare occasions you will find ANACs with a DTMF response for use with 
remote test terminals. It was basically used for identification of numbers 
which could be used for conversation purposes without exposing your identity 
like payphones.

[1;32mDATU[0m
DATUs (Digital Audio Test Units) are a godsend to technicians and phone 
phreaks everywhere. DATUs allow a caller to monitor lines (don't get too 
excited), open and short pairs, and put trace tones on the pair. While it 
might not sound too exciting, it has got a handful of applications.

[1;30mA book for the Seekers[0m
[1;30mIf you want to know more about the phreaking stuffs, I'll recommend you to [0m
[1;30mtry out the book:[0m
[1;30mExploding the Phone: The Untold Story of the Teenagers and Outlaws who [0m
[1;30mHacked Ma Bell by Phil Lapsley[0m
