## ﻿9.3 Names

Identifiers are used to give names to several classes of language objects and refer to these objects by name later:

- value names (syntactic class value-name),
- value constructors and exception constructors (class constr-name),
- labels (label-name, defined in section ‍9.1),
- polymorphic variant tags (tag-name),
- type constructors (typeconstr-name),
- record fields (field-name),
- class names (class-name),
- method names (method-name),
- instance variable names (inst-var-name),
- module names (module-name),
- module type names (modtype-name).

These eleven name spaces are distinguished both by the context and by the capitalization of the identifier: whether the first letter of the identifier is in lowercase (written lowercase-ident below) or in uppercase (written capitalized-ident). Underscore is considered a lowercase letter for this purpose.

#### ﻿Naming objects

value-name | ::= | lowercase-ident
| ∣ | ( operator-name )
operator-name | ::= | prefix-symbol∣infix-op
infix-op | ::= | infix-symbol
| ∣ | *∣+∣-∣-.∣=∣!=∣<∣>∣or∣|| ∣&∣&&∣:=
| ∣ | mod∣land∣lor∣lxor∣lsl∣lsr∣asr
constr-name | ::= | capitalized-ident
tag-name | ::= | capitalized-ident
typeconstr-name | ::= | lowercase-ident
field-name | ::= | lowercase-ident
module-name | ::= | capitalized-ident
modtype-name | ::= | ident
class-name | ::= | lowercase-ident
inst-var-name | ::= | lowercase-ident
method-name | ::= | lowercase-ident

See also the following language extension: extended indexing operators.

As shown above, prefix and infix symbols as well as some keywords can be used as value names, provided they are written between parentheses. The capitalization rules are summarized in the table below.

Name space | Case of first letter
Values | lowercase
Constructors | uppercase
Labels | lowercase
Polymorphic variant tags | uppercase
Exceptions | uppercase
Type constructors | lowercase
Record fields | lowercase
Classes | lowercase
Instance variables | lowercase
Methods | lowercase
Modules | uppercase
Module types | any

Note on polymorphic variant tags: the current implementation accepts lowercase variant tags in addition to capitalized variant tags, but we suggest you avoid lowercase variant tags for portability and compatibility with future OCaml versions.

#### ﻿Referring to named objects

value-path | ::= | [module-path .]value-name
constr | ::= | [module-path .]constr-name
typeconstr | ::= | [extended-module-path .]typeconstr-name
field | ::= | [module-path .]field-name
modtype-path | ::= | [extended-module-path .]modtype-name
class-path | ::= | [module-path .]class-name
classtype-path | ::= | [extended-module-path .]class-name
module-path | ::= | module-name{. module-name}
extended-module-path | ::= | extended-module-name{. extended-module-name}
extended-module-name | ::= | module-name{( extended-module-path )}

A named object can be referred to either by its name (following the usual static scoping rules for names) or by an access path prefix . name, where prefix designates a module and name is the name of an object defined in that module. The first component of the path, prefix, is either a simple module name or an access path name1 . name2 …, in case the defining module is itself nested inside other modules. For referring to type constructors, module types, or class types, the prefix can also contain simple functor applications (as in the syntactic class extended-module-path above) in case the defining module is the result of a functor application.

Label names, tag names, method names and instance variable names need not be qualified: the former three are global labels, while the latter are local to a class.