\noindent
{\bf
PS 2000 (Russian supercomputer)
}

\noindent
{\bf
Parallel Architecture (SIMD)
}


\vspace {.1in}
\noindent
{\bf Architecture:}
In the Soviet Union there is assembly-line production
of PS-2000 computers with a capability of up to 200 million
operations per second.

\vspace {.1in}
\noindent
The PS-2000 complex is classified as SIMD.
The complex includes an
SM-2 and the PS-2000 processor.
The complex was first commissioned in 1980.
Unspecified type of addition speed is 0.3 microseconds, with a
memory access or cycle time (source gives both in heading
without saying which the number applies to) of 0.64 microseconds.

\vspace {.1in}
\noindent
The structure of the PS-2000 computer consists of 8, 16, 32,
or 64 processor elements (PE).  They are connected to each
other in an identical fashion, are located under a unified
control, and are of a single type.  Each processing element
has its own (local) direct access semiconductor 12 or
48 Kbyte memory.  This makes it easy to upgrade the system
and thus change its performance within wide limits.
The performance of the minimum PS-2000 8-processor computer
configuration is approximately 25 million short operations
per second.  The maximum PS-2000 64-processor computer
configuration permits a performance of about 200 million short
operations per second.
The PS-2000 operates on 12, 16, and 24-bit words and can work
in both fixed and floating-point modes.

\vspace {.1in}
\noindent
{\bf Configuration:}
The processors of the PS-2000
can be connected under program control into a ring
structure.  It is possible to form two identical rings, each
consisting of 8, 16, or 32 processors.  These processors are
controlled by the PS-2000 CPU, which uses 64-bit
instructions from its own semiconductor memory.  A basic
8-processor configuration fills a 28" rack.  A full
64-processor 40-Mflop configuration fills 5 such racks.
By comparison, the US-made 30-Mflop Numerix 432
fills half of a 22" rack.

\vspace {.1in}
\noindent
{\bf Languages:}
The basic programming language for the PS-2000 is assembly,
which reflects the PS-2000 microinstruction set.

\vspace {.1in}
\noindent
{\bf Applications:}
While the bulk of the applications of the PS-2000 appear to
be seismic data processing, other problems such as
near-sonic gas flow studies and nuclear reactor simulations
have been reported.

\vspace{.1in}
\noindent
{\bf Performance:}
The PS-3000 array processor is designed to augment the
computing capability of the SM-1210 computer, which is
either a new machine or an upgraded SM-2.  The PS-3000
probably is not yet in production.  It will be a
multiprocessor superior to the PS-2000 and capable of
100-Mflop computing rates.  The PS-3000 will apparently have
four parallel processors, each of which has three arithmetic
units that run in parallel.

\vspace {.1in}
\noindent
{\bf Status:} retails at 800,000 rubles



\vspace{.1in}
\noindent


.