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From: pvhp@lns62.lns.cornell.edu (Peter Prymmer)
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Subject: comp.lang.perl.tk FAQ part1 of 5
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Perl/Tk FAQ part 1 of 5 - Getting Started  
***************************************** 

 ______________________________________________________________________
 
 
 
 5. How do I build it? 
 
 In general, building perl/Tk requires: 
 
  1. A made & installed perl (requires a C language compiler). You may
    need different versions of perl depending on which version of Tk you
    wish to run. 
  2. A C language compiler for the Tk code itself. 
  3. A linkable Xlib (.o, .so, .a, etc.) for X-windows. 
 
 Perl/Tk has been successfully built using various vendors' cc compilers, as
 well as with the free GNU gcc compiler. A make utility of some sort (
 make/gmake) will be extremely helpful. 
 
 The versions of the various Perl utilities that you need on hand are roughly
 as follows: 
 
 
   Utility     Version              Tk version/comments
   perl        5.001m               Tk-b8 (not 5.001n)
   perl        5.002b1f (or higher) Tk-b9 (9.01 recommended)
   perl        5.002b1f (or higher) Tk-b9.01
   perl        5.002                Tk-b10
   perl        5.002                Tk-b11
   perl        5.002                Tk-b11.01
   perl        5.002 (or 002_01)    Tk-b11.02
 
   MakeMaker   4.18 (or higher)     Tk-b8
   MakeMaker   5.14 (or higher)     Tk-b9.01 
   MakeMaker   5.21 (not? higher)   Tk-b11+
 
   xsubpp
 
 Step - by - step the commands to build the Tk extension to Perl are (for the
 dynamically linked version) roughly as follows: 
 
  1. make install # the appropriate version of perl. 
  2. uninstall # prior versions of the Tk extension to perl. 
  3. gunzip -c Tk-b*.tar.gz | tar xvf - 
  4. cd Tk-b* 
  5. read INSTALL 
  6. perl Makefile.PL 
  7. make 
  8. make test 
  9. make install 
 
 For the statically linked version you would `make tkperl` just after
 executing the `make` step and before the `make test` step. 
 
 Here is a little more detailed discussion of each the steps just given: 
 
  o Install Perl (5.001m for Tk-b8 [not 5.001n], at least 5.002b1f for
    b9.01, 5.002 for b11.01, 5.002 for b11.02) For code locations see a 
    CPAN site (separate question in this FAQ), the actual installation
    instructions come bundled in the perl***.tar.gz distribution file.
    (Perl Configure & make troubles are beyond the scope of this FAQ -
    please see the Perl FAQ itself for more help with this critical step.)
    You can install perl almost anywhere you like by specifying the 
    -Dprefix=/path argument to sh Configure 
  o Unpack perl/Tk outside the Perl distribution
    (i.e. outside the perl build, perl install, or perl lib areas).
    gunzip Tk-b*.tar.gz
    tar -xvf Tk-b*.tar
    (this area Tk-b*/ will be referred to as your ``Tk build'' directory)
    (optional: with Tk-b9.01, to avert most pod2man errors later on
    you may wish to apply Nick's document patch.) 
  o Read INSTALL carefully
    cd Tk-b*
    pager INSTALL
    where pager is the program you use to scroll through text files more
    or less. Be sure to read it and don't just pound away on the spacebar. 
  o If necessary remove any previously installed version of perl/Tk
    If you had a previously working version of Tk installed, you may need
    to resurrect the Makefile for it and execute:
    make uninstall
    make realclean
    before you unpack the new version. (The uninstall target of
    MakeMaker is relatively new so please be careful here.)
    Also note that as of Tk-b10 there is now an uninstall perl script
    in the Tk build directory. Run that script before the perl
    Makefile.PL step if you had a previously installed Tk extension
    (especially if the version number was prior to b10, e.g. Tk-b9.01 or
    Tk-b8). 
  o Compile and test.
    perl Makefile.PL
    (see below for more on this step.)
    make
    (if and only if building static: make tkperl
    make test (Tk-b10++ not prior versions)
  o Install.
    make install 
  o Play with it.
    basic_demo (modify #! line if nec., or specify /path/to/perl
    ./basic_demo)
    warning if you build Tk-b9.01 with perl5.002gamma then change the
    line in basic_demo from
    use lib ./blib;
    to
    use lib qw(blib/arch blib/lib); 
 
 On the perl Makefile.PL step it may be necessary to give explicit
 locations of the required X11 libraries and/or include headers. For example: 
 
     perl Makefile.PL X11=/usr/local/X11R5
 
 or 
 
     perl Makefile.PL X11INC=/usr/local/share/X11R5/include \
                      X11LIB=/usr/local/arch/X11R5/lib
 
 There are system and site dependencies in all of the above steps. However,
 the largest single source of build trouble comes from not using the latest
 versions of the various utilities (C compiler, make, etc.). In particular
 ensure that when you say perl Makefile.PL that the perl that gets
 invoked is up to date - use which perl and perl -v to determine this.
 If necessary specify the full path name to your perl5 interpreter/compiler.
 (Some people do not rm their older perl interpreters when upgrading to a
 more recent version - beware.) 
 
 If you still run into trouble take a look at the INSTALL, the README and
 the README file for your specific system (e.g. README.AIX, 
 README.OSF, etc.). You might also find your system mentioned in the ptk
 hyper-mail archive at: 
 
     http://pubweb.bnl.gov/~ptk/
 or
     http://www.rosat.mpe-garching.mpg.de/mailing-lists/ptk/
 or
     ftp://ftp.ccd.bnl.gov/pub/ptk/archives/
 
 or the Perl 5 Porters page at one of the following URLs: 
 
     http://www.rosat.mpe-garching.mpg.de/mailing-lists/Perl5-Porters/
     http://www.hut.fi/~jhi/perl5-porters.html
     http://www.nicoh.com/cgi-bin/lwgate/PERL5-PORTERS/
 
 If you wish to discuss your Tk build problems with others run and save the
 output from the myConfig script in the Tk build directory (the output may
 already be in the myConfig.out file from your Tk-b# build directory), as
 well as the myconfig script in your perl build directory. It is often helpful
 to include the output of either (or both) of these scripts in your discussion. 
 
 Presented here are the beginnings of a list of problems associated with
 building Tk-b# on various platforms (for help building perl itself please
 refer to the Perl FAQ). This list is in no way complete nor authoritative
 (nor is it necessarily even up-to-date!) but simply lists problems people
 have reported. Keep in mind that your installation may differ (e.g. location
 differences such as /usr/bin/perl vs. /usr/local/bin/perl)
 even if its the same platform listed here: 
 
 Platforms:
 ==========
 
 AIX: 
    As of perl5.002b & Tk-b9.01 README.AIX says no patching is
    necessary. 
 
    For Tk-b8: modifying the perl.exp file may be necessary. There
    is a patch in Tk-b8/README.AIX. It may be necessary to make
    regen_headers after the patch. 
 HPUX: 
    For Tk-b11: One person reports a need to add #define
    TIMEOFDAY_TZ to the tkConfig.h header file in order to
    compile on HPUX 9.05. 
 
    Previous versions: Most people seem to prefer the dynamic linking
    afforded by a recent version of the gcc compiler on this system. 
 Linux: 
    John C. Wingenbach indicates that should you encounter an error
    message like Cannot find -lX11 anywhere at
    ./myConfig line 184 when running your perl
    Makefile.PL (under Slakware 3.0) that you should be more
    specific about -l/path/to/libX11.a.
    Adam Wasserman <awasser@hermes.sgc.com> has graciously
    provided a compilation of Linux compilation trials & tribulations. It
    is an (as yet un-edited) document available at: 
    http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/~pvhp/ptk/etc/linux_compile_compilation.txt
 MachTen:
    Mark Pease <pease@act.sps.mot.com> mentions that:
    I was able to get Tk-b11.02 running under MachTen 2.2
    perl5.002_01. I did need to make one change to get a round a
    MachTen problem. In pTk/tclUnix.h, pwd.h is included, but it is also
    included pTk/tkPort.h (which is included in Lang.h, which is use by
    tclUnixUtil.c, whew!) 
 
    MachTen's pwd.h can't be included more that once or you get an
    error. 
 
    It looked to me like tclUnix.h was only used in tclUnixUtil.c, so I
    commented out the #include <pwd.h> in tclUnix.h. 
 NeXTSTEP:
    Gerd Knops recently posted a discussion of the steps to get perl
    running on several NeXTSTEPs to p5p.
 OSF/1: 
    As of perl5.002b & Tk-b9.01 you will probably be able to follow the
    usual instructions. John Stoffel <john@wpi.edu> reports that if you
    use gcc (rather than cc) you should use at least version 2.7.2 
 
    For Tk-b8: make is reputedly not up to the task on this system. 
    Tk-b8/README.OSF recommends gmake instead.
    Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@pasteur.fr> reports a successful
    build with Perl 5.001m, xsubpp 1.922, MakeMaker 4.23. He points
    out that it was necessary for him to upgrade the xsubpp and
    MakeMaker that he received with his copy of Perl5.001m. 
 SCO: 
    For Tk-b8: Eric J. Bohm <bohm@cs.Buffalo.EDU> reported a need
    to comment out line(s) from myConfig and GNUMakefiles using
    GNU make 3.67. (See Tk-b8/README.SCO for specifics.) 
 SGI (Irix): 
    Matthew Black <black@csulb.edu> recently mentioned a need to
    apply "patchSG0000596" to get perl sockets to work. His message
    was copywritten and is not included here. Send e-mail to him to find
    out where the get "patchSG0000596". 
 Suns: 
    SunOS (BSD):
    For Tk-b10 on SunOS 4.1.3_U1
    using SparcWorks acc 3.0.1 Frederick L. Wagner <derf@ti.com>
    reports needing to use the perl malloc rather than the system
    malloc() when building perl.
    For Tk-b8: Tom Tignor <tpt2@BBN.COM> reports the following
    on SunOS (sun4m sparc): Tue, 28 Nov 1995 13:19:42
    In trying to make, I got a "write: argument mismatch" error for the
    file ptK/Lang.h. I looked at the file and found the offending function,
    Tcl_GetOpenFile, which has a third argument called "doWrite" (not
    "write") in tkGlue.c. I changed the argument from "write" to
    "doWrite" in Lang.h and it's compiling fine (for the moment. :) 
    Solaris (System V):
    For Tk-b8: There is trouble getting perl to use Socket routines (i.e.
    trouble with make perl itself not necessarily trouble with Tk-b#).
    See the perl FAQ for more info or the .shar file that Tom
    Christiansen occasionally posts to comp.lang.perl.misc. Further
    information on perl inter process communication can be found in
    the perlipc* files at: 
    ftp://ftp.perl.com/perl/info/everything_to_know/.
 SVR4: 
    For Tk-b8: Martha G. Armour and Len Reed report on two separate
    hardware platforms running SVR4 - extensive details in 
    Tk-b8/README.SVR4. Interestingly, they report no trouble at all
    on Linux. 
 Ultrix:
    Peter Prymmer reports that with Tk-b11 it was necessary to change
    the line in Makefile.PL that reads:
    'LIBS' => ["$xlib -lX11 -lpt -lsocket -lnsl
    -lm"],
    to read:
    'LIBS' => ["$xlib -lX11 -lpt -lsocket -lnsl
    -lm -ldnet"],
    because of a newer X11 in /usr/local that needed the DECnet protocol
    linking. 
 
    John Stoffel reports a successful build of static Tk-b10 on Ultrix 4.5. 
 
 non-Unix(ish)es:
 ================
 
 Information on non-Unix(ish) perl platforms may be obtained from the
 perl metaFAQ (pmFAQ) at 
 
    http://www.khoros.unm.edu/staff/neilb/perl/metaFAQ/entry-04.html
 
 or the Perl 5 Porters (p5p) page at: 
 
     http://www.rosat.mpe-garching.mpg.de/mailing-lists/Perl5-Porters/
     http://www.hut.fi/~jhi/perl5-porters.html
     http://www.nicoh.com/cgi-bin/lwgate/PERL5-PORTERS/
 
 In general your non-Unix platform must be able to support perl 5 and Xlib
 (a C compiler and a make utility are tremendously useful too). The long list
 of UNIX and non-unix perl 5 ports, Tcl/Tk ports, and Perl/Tk ports that
 used to appear here has now moved to a separate web page at: 
 
     http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/~pvhp/ptk/ptkPORT.html
 
 ______________________________________________________________________
 
 
 
 6. Where is the Documentation? 
 
 Documentation is "in the works": there are several books dealing with
 perl/Tk in progress, and a growing FAQ (the document you are presently
 reading). 
 
 In the meantime the available information resources can be split into 
 Perl/Tk, Perl, and Tcl/Tk documentation categories: 
 
 Perl/Tk Specific Documentation
 ==============================
 
 The man pages
 -------------
 
 As of Tk-b9.01 the various perl/Tk pod documents are converted to roff
 format and installed as part of the perl/Tk "make install" process. If
 you have a recent verion of perl/Tk try something like man 3 Tk::Tk if
 this does not work check with you system administrator for the proper
 MANPATH. (Tk-b9.01 people may be interested in applying Nick's
 document patch to keep pod2man from complaining too much during 
 make install.) 
 
 The newsgroup
 -------------
 
 The newsgroup name is comp.lang.perl.tk and this FAQ will be periodically
 posted to that group. The newsgroup is the appropriate place to post
 questions - yes even simple ones! (Although answers may be long in
 coming...:-( 
 
 The nTk/pTk mailing list
 ------------------------
 
 The mailing list is a supplement to the newsgroup comp.lang.perl.tk. The
 nTk/pTk Mailing List Archive remains a useful source of information
 however, and is accesible at either http://pubweb.bnl.gov/~ptk/, or via ftp at
 ftp://ftp.ccd.bnl.gov/pub/ptk/archives/ (both in the USA). You may search
 the contents of the mailing list archives thanks to a cgi-bin script written by
 Achim Bohnet in Germany at: 
 
     http://www.rosat.mpe-garching.mpg.de/mailing-lists/ptk/
 
 To remove yourself from the mailing list, you can send mail to 
 majordomo@guest.wpi.edu with the following command in the body of your
 e-mail message: 
 
     unsubscribe ptk joe.user@somewhere (Joe D. User)
 
 (To send a message to all recipients of the mailing list send e-mail to 
 ptk@guest.wpi.edu. - but please consider posting to the newsgroup instead.) 
 
 The demo programs
 -----------------
 
 Examine (and try running) the code in your Tk-b#/, perl5/Tk/demos/,
 and perl5/Tk/demos/widget_lib/ directories.
 In order to determine where on your system the perl5/ directory is
 located type the following one-line perl command (at your shell prompt -
 this is not a line from a perl script): 
 
     perl -e 'print join("\n",@INC),"\n";'
 
 If that command does not turn up a perl5/ directory then make sure that
 you are running perl 5 with the following: perl -v (again this can be
 entered at the shell prompt). 
 
 The pod documentation
 ---------------------
 
 As of Tk-b9.01 the various perl/Tk pod documents are converted to roff
 format and installed as part of the perl/Tk installation process. If you have a
 recent verion of perl/Tk try something like man 3 Tk::Tk. If this does
 not work check your man path with 
 
     perl -e 'use Config; print $Config{'man1dir'},"\n",$Config{'man3dir'},"\n"'
 
 And if you still cannot find the manual pages check with your system
 administrator for the proper MANPATH and/or Tk-# installation version. 
 
 In your perl5/Tk/ directory there should be a number of .pod files
 including (but not limited to) UserGuide.pod. The files are examples of
 the perl "plain old documentation" format and are just about human
 readable as they are (e.g. you may more, cat, or less them; or send them
 to a printer). They are intended to be run through a re-formatting program
 however. Such programs include pod2man, pod2html, and pod2latex
 (which get installed when you install perl) or pod2text which was
 written by Tom Christiansen. A command line like the following (but
 subject to local variations) should work for you: 
 
     pod2man perl5/Tk/UserGuide.pod | nroff -man | more
 
 There should even be a perl script to run the above command for you. It is
 executed as: 
 
     perldoc perl5/Tk/UserGuide
 
 Note that if there is pod like documentation in a perl module you may also
 execute perldoc on it as in: 
 
     perldoc ColorEditor.pm
 
 (please note that not all .pm mod files have pod embedded.) If you want that
 GUI look and feel (like xman) make the appropriate changes to the following
 script: 
 
     #!/usr/bin/perl
     use Tk;
     use Tk::Pod;
     my $m = new MainWindow;
     $m -> Pod(-file => 'Tk/ColorEditor.pm');
     MainLoop;
 
 The conversion to latex proceeds as you might guess, namely: 
 
     pod2latex UserGuide.pod 
 
 (according to the 1.1 version of pod2latex this will automatically
 generate a UserGuide.tex file hence you must have write access to the
 directory in which the above command is carried out.) 
 
 You may also convert the pod pages to HTML (the HyperText Markup L
 anguage of World Wide Web documents). For example, command lines like
 the following (but subject to local variations - is your web_browser
 configured to allow local access to a file? - if not do this on a web-serving
 machine) should work for you: 
 
     pod2html perl5/Tk/UserGuide.pod > UserGuide.html
     web_browser_invocation UserGuide.html
 
 In addition there is, on an experimental basis, a place to view the Tk-b9.01 
 .pod->.html files from the perl5/Tk directory at: 
 
     http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/~pvhp/ptk/pod/
 
 (Please note that the perl pod specification does not allow for markup within
 a verbatim paragraph - yet font changes often seem to be in either the
 <XMP></XMP> or the <PRE></PRE> HTML environments generated by
 running many of these .pod files through the latest version of pod2html.
 Alert browsers are welcome to notify me of any errors in the hand-altered 
 html files.) 
 
 Translators pod2texinfo, pod2fm, etc., also exist. Check a CPAN site
 for these scripts if you do not already have them. 
 
 Newer versions: In your Tk-b10++/doc directory there should be a
 number of .htm files. These were originally Tcl/Tk man pages, but have
 been converted to Perl syntax in html format. 
 
     http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/~pvhp/ptk/doc/
 
 Older versions: In your Tk-b#/doc directory there should be a number of
 .ht files. These are conversions of Tcl/Tk man pages to html. (If you wish
 to browse them at your own site you may wish to look at Mark Elston's cvtht
 script, or configure your web-server/browser to recognize the .ht
 extension as a text/html mime.type.) The .ht are helpful to the perl/Tk
 programmer trying to remember the name of an optional argument to pass
 to a given widget primitive. Note that insofar as these pages do specify
 syntax it pertains to Tcl/Tk not perl/Tk, hence they must be translated. The
 pages are on the web at: 
 
     http://pubweb.bnl.gov/~ptk/doc/index.html
     http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/~pvhp/ptk/b9.01-docnpod/doc/
 
 A miscellany of internet perl/Tk resources includes: 
 
 World Wide Web - perl/Tk man pages
     http://pubweb.bnl.gov/~ptk/doc/index.html
     http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/~pvhp/ptk/doc/
     http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/~pvhp/ptk/pod/
 Newsgroups
     comp.lang.perl.tk
     comp.lang.perl.misc
     comp.lang.perl.anounce
     comp.lang.tcl
     comp.lang.tcl.announce
     comp.answers
     news.answers
 Perl/Tk FAQ-Archives (ftp sites) [Note: FAQ may be many separate files]
  (see also CPAN sites)
     ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/comp.lang.perl.tk
     ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet-by-hierarchy/comp/lang/perl/tk
     ftp://ftp.uu.net/usenet/news.answers/perl-faq/ptk-faq
     ftp://ftp.ccd.bnl.gov/pub/ptk/                   130.199.54.188
     ftp://ftp.ccd.bnl.gov/pub/ptk/ptkFAQ.txt         130.199.54.188
     ftp://ftp.wpi.edu/perl5/pTk-FAQ                  130.215.24.209
     ftp://perl.com/pub/perl/doc/ptkFAQ.gz            199.45.129.30
     ftp://perl.com/pub/perl/doc/ptkFAQ.ps.gz         199.45.129.30
 WWW-FAQ for perl/Tk
     http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/~pvhp/ptk/ptkTOC.html
     http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/~pvhp/ptk/ptkFAQ.html
 World Wide Web - perl/Tk info sites
     http://pubweb.bnl.gov/~ptk/
     http://fxfx.com/kgr/compound/ (Perl Tk Compound Widget Page)
     http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/~pvhp/ptk/ptkIMG.html (FAQ image supplement)
     http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/~pvhp/ptk/etc/
 The Mailing list
     majordomo@guest.wpi.edu 
     ptk@guest.wpi.edu 
 
 Perl Specific Documentation
 ===========================
 
 There are a growing number Perl books available. A more complete
 Perl-bibliographic discussion than that given here is available in the Perl
 FAQ at: 
 
     http://www.perl.com/perl/faq/Q2.2.html
 
 The two early Perl books by Schwartz and Wall are very helpful (even if they
 do pertain to perl 4 and not 5. Beware that perl/Tk makes extensive use of
 perl 5 features.): 
 
  Learning Perl (The Llama)
  Randal L. Schwartz
  Copyright (c) 1993 O'Reilly & Associates Inc.
  ISBN 1-56592-042-2 (English)
  ISBN 2-84177-005-2 (French)
  ISBN 3-930673-08-8 (German)
  ISBN 4-89502-678-1 (Japanese)
 
  Programming Perl (The Camel)
  Larry Wall and Randal L. Schwartz
  Copyright (c) 1991 O'Reilly & Associates Inc.
  ISBN 0-937175-64-1 (English)
  ISBN 3-446-17257-2 (German) (Programmieren in Perl, translator:
  Hanser Verlag)
  ISBN 4-89052-384-7 (Japanese)
 
 For Perl 5 there will be an update to the Camel ("Learning More Perl"? the
 Alpaca?) in preparation by Randal L. Schwartz, Tom Christiansen, Larry
 Wall, and Stephen Potter, with a draft due at O'Reilly by the end of April
 1996. There is some Perl5 (book material) information at: 
 
     http://www.metronet.com/1h/perlinfo/perl5/
 
 Jon Orwant (the organizer of the comp.lang.perl.tk newgroup) will have a
 book on Perl 5 out in January 1996. (Please note that it is mostly about Perl
 5, there is a some discussion of four simple Perl/Tk programs, but it is not a
 book wholly devoted to Perl/Tk.) The relevant info: 
 
  Perl 5 Interactive
  Jon Orwant
  The Waite Group Press
  ISBN: 1-57169-064-6
 
 The perl 5 Quick Reference Guide (may require LaTeX for installation) can
 be obtained from any CPAN ftp site. Detailed location information is also
 available at the author's website: 
 
     http://www.xs4all.nl/~jvromans/perlref.html
 
 There is also the: 
 
  Perl 5 Desktop Reference
  Johan Vromans
  Copyright (c) February 1996 O'Reilly & Associates Inc.
  ISBN: 1-56592-187-9; Order number: 1879
 
 The multi-part perl 5 man pages are available (assuming they have been
 installed in your MANPATH, type man perl, man perlmod etc.). 
 
 The perl man pages are also available on the web at a number of locations
 including: 
 
 World Wide Web - perl 5 (.001m) man pages
   Australia
     http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/~slf/perl5/perl.html
     http://bwyan.anu.edu.au/perl.html
   Austria
     http://www.cosy.sbg.ac.at/comp/lang/perl/perl5man/perl.html
   Brazil
     http://www.lsi.usp.br/perl5/
   Canada
     http://csclub.uwaterloo.ca/perldoc/perl.html
     http://stoner.eps.mcgill.ca/perl/perl.html
   Germany
     http://www.t-informatik.ba-stuttgart.de/Perl5/perl.html
     http://www.dfv.rwth-aachen.de/doc/perl/perl.html
   Norway
     http://www.pvv.unit.no/sw/perl5/index.html
   Slovak Republic
     http://www.savba.sk/autori/perl/perl.html
   Slovenia
     http://www.ijs.si/perl/
   Taiwan
     http://www.ccu.edu.tw/perl5/index.html
   UK
     http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~richardd/perl5/perl.html
     http://ppewww.ph.gla.ac.uk/perl/perl.html
   USA
     http://www.metronet.com/0/perlinfo/perl5/manual/perl.html
     http://rhine.ece.utexas.edu/~kschu/perlman.html
     http://duggy.extern.ucsd.edu/perl/perl.html
     http://tbone.biol.scarolina.edu/~dean/perl/perl.html
     http://www.mit.edu:8001/perl/perl.html
     http://icg.stwing.upenn.edu/perl5/perl.html
     http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/public/compdoc/info/perl/perl.html
 
 World Wide Web - perl 5.002 man pages (also useful for previous versions of perl 5)
   Canada
     http://dymaxion.ns.ca/www/dv/perl_manual/index.html
     http://wepil.uwaterloo.ca/~mathers/perl/perl.html
   Czech Republic
     http://infog.eunet.cz/~muaddib/perl5/index.html
   Finland
     http://www.hut.fi/~jhi/perl5/index.html
   Germany
     http://nat-www.uia.ac.be/perl/perl.html
   Netherlands
     http://www.cs.ruu.nl/pub/mirrors/CPAN/doc/manual/html/frame_index_long.html
   USA
     http://www.lafayette.edu/doughera/doughera/perl/manual/perl.html
     http://www.va.pubnix.com/staff/stripes/perlinfo/
     http://www.perl.com/perl/manual/
     http://128.84.219.39/public/perl/manual/
     http://www.ilap.com/perl/
     http://saturn.lbcc.cc.or.us/www_root/docs/perl5/PERL.HTML
 
 In addition to the CPAN ftp source sites, a miscellany of internet perl
 resources includes: 
 
 Newsgroups
     comp.lang.perl.misc
     comp.lang.perl.announce
     comp.lang.perl.modules
     comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi
     comp.answers
     news.answers
 Perl FAQ-Archives (ftp sites) [Note: FAQ may be many separate files]
     (see also the CPAN sites)
   North America
     ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/perl-faq/
     ftp://ftp.uu.net/usenet/news.answers/perl-faq  192.48.96.9
     ftp://ftp.khoros.unm.edu/pub/perl/faq.gz       198.59.155.28
   Europe 
     ftp://ftp.cs.ruu.nl/pub/NEWS.ANSWERS/perl-faq/ 131.211.80.17
     ftp://src.doc.ic.ac.uk/packages/perl/FAQ       146.169.2.10
 Gopher Perl FAQ 
     gopher://gopher.metronet.com/11/perlinfo/faq
 WWW-FAQ for Perl
     http://www.perl.com/perl/faq/
     http://www.smartpages.com/bngfaqs/comp/lang/perl/top.html
     http://www.smartpages.com/bngfaqs/comp/lang/perl/misc/top.html
     http://www.smartpages.com/bngfaqs/comp/lang/perl/announce/top.html
     http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/perl-faq/top.html
 Perl for Win32 FAQ  (discusses Win95)
     http://www.perl.hip.com/PerlFaq.htm
 
 Perl info sites
 Gopher (:70)
   USA
     gopher://gopher.metronet.com/11h/perlinfo
 World Wide Web (http:80)
   USA
     http://www.yahoo.com/Computers_and_Internet/Languages/Perl/index.html
     http://www.perl.com/
     http://www.khoros.unm.edu/staff/neilb/perl/home.html
     http://www.khoros.unm.edu:80/staff/neilb/perl/metaFAQ/
     http://www.metronet.com/perlinfo/
     http://www.metronet.com/perlinfo/perl5.html (Perl 5)
     http://www.eecs.nwu.edu/perl/perl.html
     http://128.84.219.39/public/perl/
     http://www.virtualschool.edu/mon/Perl.html
     http://www.hermetica.com/technologia/unexec/
     http://www.oac.uci.edu/indiv/ehood/perlWWW/
     http://web.sau.edu/~mkruse/www/scripts/
     http://orwant.www.media.mit.edu/the_perl_journal/
     http://www.perl.com/Architext/AT-allperl.html
     http://www.mispress.com/introcgi/
     http://www.walrus.com/~smithj/webcan/
     http://web.syr.edu/~chsiao05/cps600_project.html
   UK
     http://pubweb.nexor.co.uk/public/perl/perl.html
     http://www.bio.cam.ac.uk/web/form.html
 Web references to Perl mailing lists
     http://www.perl.com/perl/info/mailing-lists.html
     http://www.nicoh.com/cgi-bin/lwgate/PERL5-PORTERS/
     http://www.hut.fi/~jhi/perl5-porters.html
     http://www.rosat.mpe-garching.mpg.de/mailing-lists/
 
 Tcl/Tk Specific Documentation
 =============================
 
 The two Tcl/Tk books by Ousterhout and Welch are very good starting
 points (you must however, translate the tcl-isms to perl in the sample
 scripts): 
 
  Tcl and the Tk Toolkit
  John K. Ousterhout
  Copyright (c) 1994 Addison-Wesley Publishing Company
  ISBN 0-201-63337-X (alk. paper)
  LOC QA76.73.T44097 1994; 005.13'3--dc20
 
  Practical Programming in Tcl and Tk
  Brent Welch
  Copyright (c) 1995 Prentice Hall
  ISBN 0-13-182007-9 
 
 Within the tclsh or wish shells your manpath includes the tcl/tk man
 pages (which may not be in your login manpath). Thus from the % prompt
 within either shell type commands like: 
 
     % man -k Tk
 
 The Tcl/Tk Reference Guide is also a source of useful information.
 Although it's Tcl specific most perl/Tk commands can be, more or less,
 easily derived from it. [As of Tk-b9.01 the names of some functions and
 some configuration options have changed slightly from their Tcl/Tk
 counterparts. With Tk-b9.01 (and higher) a great many functions start with
 an upper case letter and continue with all lower case letters (e.g. there is a
 perl/Tk Entry widget but no entry widget), and many configuration
 options are all lower case (e.g. there is a perl/Tk highlightthickness
 option but no highlightThickness option).] You may fetch the Tcl/Tk
 Reference Guide (may require LaTeX for installation) from: 
 
     ftp://ftp.slac.stanford.edu/software/TkMail/tkref-4.0.1.tar.gz 134.79.18.30
     ftp://ftp.aud.alcatel.com/tcl/docs/tkref-4.0.1.tar.gz          198.64.191.10
 
 There are a number of other Tcl/Tk resources on the internet including: 
 
 Newsgroups
     comp.lang.tcl
     comp.lang.tcl.announce
     comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi
     comp.answers
     news.answers
 FAQ-Archive (ftp) [Note: Tcl FAQ may be many files, Tk FAQ is one file]
     ftp://ftp.aud.alcatel.com/tcl/docs/                            198.64.191.10
     ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/tcl-faq
     ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/tcl-faq/tk
 WWW-FAQ for Tcl/Tk
     http://www.smartpages.com/faqs/tcl-faq/top.html
     http://www.smartpages.com/bngfaqs/comp/lang/tcl/top.html
     http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/tcl-faq/top.html
     http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/bngusenet/comp/lang/tcl/top.html
     http://www.sco.com/Technology/tcl/Tcl.html
 World Wide Web - Tcl/Tk info sites
   Canada
     http://web.cs.ualberta.ca/~wade/Auto/Tcl.html
   UK
     http://http2.brunel.ac.uk:8080/~csstddm/TCL2/TCL2.html
     http://www.cis.rl.ac.uk/proj/TclTk/
   USA
     http://www.yahoo.com/Computers_and_Internet/Languages/Tcl_Tk/index.html
     http://www.sunlabs.com/research/tcl/docs.html
     http://www.sunlabs.com/research/tcl/4.0.html
     http://www.sco.com/Technology/tcl/Tcl.html
     http://www.neosoft.com/tcl/
     http://www.elf.org/tcltk-man-html/contents.html
 Tcl/Tk - miscellaneous extensions
     ftp://ftp.cme.nist.gov/pub/expect/
     http://www.cs.hut.fi/~kjk/porttk.html
     http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~ioi/tix/tix.html
     http://www.ece.cmu.edu/afs/ece/usr/svoboda/www/th/homepage.html
     http://www.tcltk.com/ [incr Tcl]
     http://www.neosoft.com/tcl/TclX.html
     http://www.eolas.com/eolas/webrouse/tcl.htm [WebWish]
     http://www.se.cuhk.hk/~hkng2/big5tk/big5tk.html
 
 ______________________________________________________________________
 
 
 
 7. How do I write scripts in perl/Tk? 
 
 Start your script as you would any perl script (e.g. #!/usr/bin/perl, 
 #!/usr/local/bin/perl, #!/opt/bin/perl, [built static? then 
 #!/usr/bin/tkperl], whatever, see the perlrun(1) man page for
 more information).
 Throwing the -w warning switch is recommended.
 The use of the statement use strict; is recommended.
 Use of the statement use Tk; is required.
 
 A simple "Hello World!" widget script could be written as follows: 
 
     #!/usr/local/bin/perl -w
 
     use strict;
     use Tk;
 
     my $main = new MainWindow;
     $main->Label(-text => 'Hello World!'
                  )->pack;
     $main->Button(-text => 'Quit',
                   -command => sub{exit}
                   )->pack;
     MainLoop;
 
 The MainLoop; statement is the main widget event handler loop and is
 usually found in perl/Tk scripts (usually near the end of the main procedure
 after the widgets have been declared and packed). MainLoop; is actually
 a function call and you may see it written as MainLoop();, 
 &Tk::MainLoop;, &Tk::MainLoop();, etc. 
 
 Note the use of the -> infix dereference operator. Most things in calls to
 perl/Tk routines are passed by reference. 
 
 Note also the use of the => operator which is simply a synonym for the
 comma operator (well it is a bit more than that :-). In other words, the
 arguments that get passed to Label and Button in the above example are
 good old perl associative arrays (perl 5 people prefer to call them "hashes"
 however). Indeed, we might have written the above as: 
 
     #!/usr/local/bin/perl -w
 
     use strict;
     use Tk;
 
     my $main = new MainWindow;
     $main->Label(-text , 'Hello World!'
                  )->pack;
     $main->Button(-text , 'Quit',
                   -command , sub{exit}
                   )->pack;
     MainLoop;
 
 Or even as: 
 
     #!/usr/local/bin/perl -w
     use strict;
     use Tk;
     my $main = new MainWindow;
 
     my %hello = ('-text','Hello World!');
     my %quit_com = ('-text' => 'Quit', '-command' => sub{exit});
 
     $main->Label(%hello)->pack;
     $main->Button(%quit_com)->pack;
     MainLoop;
 
 Note however, that the use of the => in the first method of writing this
 script makes it look more "Tcl-ish" :-). 
 
 Lastly, we note the extensive use of the my function in most perl/Tk
 programs. my is roughly equivalent to local in Perl 4 - but is purported to
 be "faster and safer" as well as much more strictly local in scope. See 
 perlfunc(1) manpage for more information on my. 
 
 Other examples of code may be found in the perl5/Tk/demos/
 directory and in perl5/Tk/demos/widget_lib/. 
 
 (A variant on this scipt called hello is available in the file 
 perl5/Tk/demos/hello in your own pTk distribution. Also, Source
 code for this and other examples from UserGuide.pod may be found at 
 http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/~pvhp/ptk/pod/. To load code from the web save as
 a local filename, edit the first line to point to your perl interpreter, then: 
 chmod u+x filename, then execute: filename.) 
 
 ______________________________________________________________________
 
 
 
 8. What widget types are available under perl/Tk? 
 
 The following Tk widget primitives are available under perl/Tk: 
 
  o Button 
  o Canvas 
  o Checkbutton 
  o Entry 
  o Frame 
  o Label 
  o Listbox 
  o Menu 
  o Menubutton 
  o Message 
  o Radiobutton 
  o Scale 
  o Scrollbar 
  o Text 
  o Toplevel 
 
 The following are Tix widget primitives available under perl/Tk: 
 
  o HList 
  o InputOnly 
 
 There are (a lot of) other compound/composite/constructs available too. 
 
 A good introduction to the primitives and how they may be used in
 conjunction with each other may be found in the widget demo script. Note
 that all the widget demos have a "Show Code" button. To help figure out
 what is happening in the script you may, when the window appears, edit the
 text and instrument the code with print statements and then simply press
 "Rerun Demo". Another place to see examples of the primitives (on the
 web) is at the image supplement to this FAQ at the following URL: 
 
     http://w4.lns.cornell.edu/~pvhp/ptk/ptkIMG.html
 

.