\documentclass[12pt]{article} \usepackage{amsmath,mathrsfs,bbm} \usepackage{amssymb} \textwidth=4.825in \overfullrule=0pt \thispagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \noindent % % {\bf Sen-Peng Eu and Tung-Shan Fu} % % \medskip \noindent % % {\bf Exterior Pairs and Up Step Statistics on Dyck Paths} % % \vskip 5mm \noindent % % % % Let $\mathcal{C}_n$ be the set of Dyck paths of length $n$. In this paper, by a new automorphism of ordered trees, we prove that the statistic `number of exterior pairs', introduced by A. Denise and R. Simion, on the set $\mathcal{C}_n$ is equidistributed with the statistic `number of up steps at height $h$ with $h\equiv 0$ (mod 3)'. Moreover, for $m\ge 3$, we prove that the two statistics `number of up steps at height $h$ with $h\equiv 0$ (mod $m$)' and `number of up steps at height $h$ with $h\equiv m-1$ (mod $m$)' on the set $\mathcal{C}_n$ are `almost equidistributed'. Both results are proved combinatorially. \end{document} .