\entry{introduction}{1}{introduction} \entry{POSIX.2}{1}{POSIX.2} \entry{bugs, reporting}{1}{bugs, reporting} \entry{history}{1}{history} \entry{common options}{2}{common options} \entry{--help}{2}{\code {--help}} \entry{help, online}{2}{help, online} \entry{--version}{2}{\code {--version}} \entry{version number, finding}{2}{version number, finding} \entry{backup options}{2}{backup options} \entry{-b}{2}{\code {-b}} \entry{--backup}{2}{\code {--backup}} \entry{backups, making}{2}{backups, making} \entry{-S}{2}{\code {-S}} \entry{--suffix}{2}{\code {--suffix}} \entry{backup suffix}{2}{backup suffix} \entry{SIMPLE{\_}BACKUP{\_}SUFFIX}{2}{\code {SIMPLE{\_}BACKUP{\_}SUFFIX}} \entry{-V}{2}{\code {-V}} \entry{--version-control}{2}{\code {--version-control}} \entry{VERSION{\_}CONTROL}{2}{\code {VERSION{\_}CONTROL}} \entry{backup files, type made}{2}{backup files, type made} \entry{version-control Emacs variable}{2}{\code {version-control \r {Emacs variable}}} \entry{numbered backup method}{2}{\code {numbered \r {backup method}}} \entry{existing backup method}{2}{\code {existing \r {backup method}}} \entry{simple backup method}{2}{\code {simple \r {backup method}}} \entry{file permissions}{3}{file permissions} \entry{permissions of files}{3}{permissions of files} \entry{read permission}{3}{read permission} \entry{write permission}{3}{write permission} \entry{execute permission}{3}{execute permission} \entry{owner, default}{3}{owner, default} \entry{group owner, default}{3}{group owner, default} \entry{setuid}{3}{setuid} \entry{setgid}{3}{setgid} \entry{sticky}{3}{sticky} \entry{swap space, saving text image in}{3}{swap space, saving text image in} \entry{text image, saving in swap space}{3}{text image, saving in swap space} \entry{append-only directories}{3}{append-only directories} \entry{symbolic modes}{3}{symbolic modes} \entry{owner of file, permissions for}{4}{owner of file, permissions for} \entry{group, permissions for}{4}{group, permissions for} \entry{other permissions}{4}{other permissions} \entry{adding permissions}{4}{adding permissions} \entry{removing permissions}{4}{removing permissions} \entry{subtracting permissions}{4}{subtracting permissions} \entry{setting permissions}{4}{setting permissions} \entry{read permission, symbolic}{4}{read permission, symbolic} \entry{write permission, symbolic}{4}{write permission, symbolic} \entry{execute permission, symbolic}{4}{execute permission, symbolic} \entry{copying existing permissions}{5}{copying existing permissions} \entry{permissions, copying existing}{5}{permissions, copying existing} \entry{changing special permissions}{5}{changing special permissions} \entry{conditional executability}{6}{conditional executability} \entry{multiple changes to permissions}{6}{multiple changes to permissions} \entry{umask and modes}{7}{umask and modes} \entry{modes and umask}{7}{modes and umask} \entry{giving away permissions}{7}{giving away permissions} \entry{numeric modes}{7}{numeric modes} \entry{file permissions, numeric}{7}{file permissions, numeric} \entry{octal numbers for file modes}{7}{octal numbers for file modes} \entry{date input formats}{9}{date input formats} \entry{getdate}{9}{\code {getdate}} \entry{beginning of time, for Unix}{9}{beginning of time, for Unix} \entry{epoch, for Unix}{9}{epoch, for Unix} \entry{general date syntax}{9}{general date syntax} \entry{items in date strings}{9}{items in date strings} \entry{numbers, written-out}{9}{numbers, written-out} \entry{ordinal numbers}{9}{ordinal numbers} \entry{first in date strings}{9}{\code {first \r {in date strings}}} \entry{next in date strings}{9}{\code {next \r {in date strings}}} \entry{last in date strings}{9}{\code {last \r {in date strings}}} \entry{months, written-out}{10}{months, written-out} \entry{case, ignored in dates}{10}{case, ignored in dates} \entry{comments, in dates}{10}{comments, in dates} \entry{calendar date item}{10}{calendar date item} \entry{ISO 8601 date format}{10}{ISO 8601 date format} \entry{date format, ISO 8601}{10}{date format, ISO 8601} \entry{month names in date strings}{10}{month names in date strings} \entry{abbreviations for months}{10}{abbreviations for months} \entry{time of day item}{11}{time of day item} \entry{am in date strings}{11}{\code {am \r {in date strings}}} \entry{pm in date strings}{11}{\code {pm \r {in date strings}}} \entry{midnight in date strings}{11}{\code {midnight \r {in date strings}}} \entry{noon in date strings}{11}{\code {noon \r {in date strings}}} \entry{timezone correction}{11}{timezone correction} \entry{minutes, timezone correction by}{11}{minutes, timezone correction by} \entry{timezone item}{11}{timezone item} \entry{Greenwich Mean Time}{11}{Greenwich Mean Time} \entry{Universal Coordinated Time}{11}{Universal Coordinated Time} \entry{Western European Time}{11}{Western European Time} \entry{West African Time}{11}{West African Time} \entry{Azores Time}{11}{Azores Time} \entry{Atlantic Standard Time}{11}{Atlantic Standard Time} \entry{Eastern Standard Time}{11}{Eastern Standard Time} \entry{Central Standard Time}{11}{Central Standard Time} \entry{Mountain Standard Time}{11}{Mountain Standard Time} \entry{Pacific Standard Time}{11}{Pacific Standard Time} \entry{Yukon Standard Time}{12}{Yukon Standard Time} \entry{Alaska-Hawaii Time}{12}{Alaska-Hawaii Time} \entry{Central Alaska Time}{12}{Central Alaska Time} \entry{Hawaii Standard Time}{12}{Hawaii Standard Time} \entry{Nome Standard Time}{12}{Nome Standard Time} \entry{International Date Line West}{12}{International Date Line West} \entry{Central European Time}{12}{Central European Time} \entry{Middle European Time}{12}{Middle European Time} \entry{Middle European Winter Time}{12}{Middle European Winter Time} \entry{French Winter Time}{12}{French Winter Time} \entry{Swedish Winter Time}{12}{Swedish Winter Time} \entry{Eastern European Time}{12}{Eastern European Time} \entry{USSR Zone}{12}{USSR Zone} \entry{Baghdad Time}{12}{Baghdad Time} \entry{West Australian Standard Time}{12}{West Australian Standard Time} \entry{China Coast Time}{12}{China Coast Time} \entry{Japan Standard Time}{12}{Japan Standard Time} \entry{East Australian Standard Time}{12}{East Australian Standard Time} \entry{Guam Standard Time}{12}{Guam Standard Time} \entry{International Date Line East}{12}{International Date Line East} \entry{New Zealand Standard Time}{12}{New Zealand Standard Time} \entry{daylight savings time}{12}{daylight savings time} \entry{day of week item}{13}{day of week item} \entry{next day}{13}{\code {next \var {day}}} \entry{last day}{13}{\code {last \var {day}}} \entry{relative items in date strings}{13}{relative items in date strings} \entry{displacement of dates}{13}{displacement of dates} \entry{year in date strings}{13}{\code {year \r {in date strings}}} \entry{month in date strings}{13}{\code {month \r {in date strings}}} \entry{fortnight in date strings}{13}{\code {fortnight \r {in date strings}}} \entry{week in date strings}{13}{\code {week \r {in date strings}}} \entry{day in date strings}{13}{\code {day \r {in date strings}}} \entry{hour in date strings}{13}{\code {hour \r {in date strings}}} \entry{minute in date strings}{13}{\code {minute \r {in date strings}}} \entry{ago in date strings}{13}{\code {ago \r {in date strings}}} \entry{day in date strings}{13}{\code {day \r {in date strings}}} \entry{tomorrow in date strings}{13}{\code {tomorrow \r {in date strings}}} \entry{yesterday in date strings}{13}{\code {yesterday \r {in date strings}}} \entry{now in date strings}{13}{\code {now \r {in date strings}}} \entry{today in date strings}{13}{\code {today \r {in date strings}}} \entry{this in date strings}{13}{\code {this \r {in date strings}}} \entry{pure numbers in date strings}{13}{pure numbers in date strings} \entry{authors of getdate}{14}{authors of \code {getdate}} \entry{Bellovin, Steven M.}{14}{Bellovin, Steven M.} \entry{Salz, Rich}{14}{Salz, Rich} \entry{Berets, Jim}{14}{Berets, Jim} \entry{MacKenzie, David}{14}{MacKenzie, David} \entry{Meyering, Jim}{14}{Meyering, Jim} \entry{Pinard, F.}{14}{Pinard, F.} \entry{Berry, K.}{14}{Berry, K.} \entry{ls}{15}{\code {ls}} \entry{directory listing}{15}{directory listing} \entry{-g (ignored)}{15}{\code {-g \r {(ignored)}}} \entry{-a}{15}{\code {-a}} \entry{--all}{15}{\code {--all}} \entry{-A}{15}{\code {-A}} \entry{--almost-all}{15}{\code {--almost-all}} \entry{-B}{15}{\code {-B}} \entry{--ignore-backups}{15}{\code {--ignore-backups}} \entry{backup files, ignoring}{15}{backup files, ignoring} \entry{-d}{15}{\code {-d}} \entry{--directory}{15}{\code {--directory}} \entry{-I}{15}{\code {-I}} \entry{--ignore=pattern}{15}{\code {--ignore=\var {pattern}}} \entry{-L}{16}{\code {-L}} \entry{--dereference}{16}{\code {--dereference}} \entry{symbolic links, dereferencing}{16}{symbolic links, dereferencing} \entry{-R}{16}{\code {-R}} \entry{--recursive}{16}{\code {--recursive}} \entry{recursive directory listing}{16}{recursive directory listing} \entry{directory listing, recursive}{16}{directory listing, recursive} \entry{-D}{16}{\code {-D}} \entry{--dired}{16}{\code {--dired}} \entry{dired Emacs mode support}{16}{dired Emacs mode support} \entry{-G}{16}{\code {-G}} \entry{--no-group}{16}{\code {--no-group}} \entry{-i}{16}{\code {-i}} \entry{--inode}{16}{\code {--inode}} \entry{inode number, printing}{16}{inode number, printing} \entry{-l}{16}{\code {-l}} \entry{--format}{16}{\code {--format}} \entry{long ls format}{16}{\code {long ls \r {format}}} \entry{verbose ls format}{16}{\code {verbose ls \r {format}}} \entry{permissions, output by ls}{17}{permissions, output by \code {ls}} \entry{-o}{17}{\code {-o}} \entry{-s}{17}{\code {-s}} \entry{--size}{17}{\code {--size}} \entry{size of files, reporting}{17}{size of files, reporting} \entry{POSIXLY{\_}CORRECT, overrides ls -s}{17}{\code {POSIXLY{\_}CORRECT\r {, overrides \code {ls -s}}}} \entry{NFS mounts from BSD to HP-UX}{17}{NFS mounts from BSD to HP-UX} \entry{sorting ls output}{17}{sorting \code {ls} output} \entry{-c}{17}{\code {-c}} \entry{--time}{17}{\code {--time}} \entry{ctime, sorting by}{17}{\code {ctime\r {, sorting by}}} \entry{status time, sorting by}{17}{\code {status time\r {, sorting by}}} \entry{-f}{17}{\code {-f}} \entry{unsorted directory listing}{17}{unsorted directory listing} \entry{directory order, listing by}{17}{directory order, listing by} \entry{-r}{18}{\code {-r}} \entry{--reverse}{18}{\code {--reverse}} \entry{reverse sorting}{18}{reverse sorting} \entry{-S}{18}{\code {-S}} \entry{--sort}{18}{\code {--sort}} \entry{size of files, sorting files by}{18}{\code {size of files\r {, sorting files by}}} \entry{-t}{18}{\code {-t}} \entry{--sort}{18}{\code {--sort}} \entry{modification time, sorting files by}{18}{\code {modification time\r {, sorting files by}}} \entry{-u}{18}{\code {-u}} \entry{--time}{18}{\code {--time}} \entry{atime, sorting files by}{18}{\code {atime\r {, sorting files by}}} \entry{access time, sorting files by}{18}{\code {access time\r {, sorting files by}}} \entry{use time, sorting files by}{18}{\code {use time\r {, sorting files by}}} \entry{-U}{18}{\code {-U}} \entry{--sort}{18}{\code {--sort}} \entry{none, sorting option for ls}{18}{\code {none\r {, sorting option for \code {ls}}}} \entry{-X}{18}{\code {-X}} \entry{--sort}{18}{\code {--sort}} \entry{extension, sorting files by}{18}{\code {extension\r {, sorting files by}}} \entry{-1}{18}{\code {-1}} \entry{--format}{18}{\code {--format}} \entry{single-column output of files}{18}{\code {single-column \r {output of files}}} \entry{-C}{18}{\code {-C}} \entry{--format}{18}{\code {--format}} \entry{vertical sorted files in columns}{18}{\code {vertical \r {sorted files in columns}}} \entry{--color}{18}{\code {--color}} \entry{color, distinguishing file types with}{18}{color, distinguishing file types with} \entry{none color option}{18}{\code {none \r {color option}}} \entry{auto color option}{18}{\code {auto \r {color option}}} \entry{terminal, using color iff}{18}{terminal, using color iff} \entry{always color option}{19}{\code {always \r {color option}}} \entry{-F}{19}{\code {-F}} \entry{--classify}{19}{\code {--classify}} \entry{file type and executables, marking}{19}{file type and executables, marking} \entry{executables and file type, marking}{19}{executables and file type, marking} \entry{--full-time}{19}{\code {--full-time}} \entry{-k}{19}{\code {-k}} \entry{--kilobytes}{19}{\code {--kilobytes}} \entry{POSIXLY{\_}CORRECT, overridden by ls -k}{19}{\code {POSIXLY{\_}CORRECT\r {, overridden by \code {ls -k}}}} \entry{-m}{19}{\code {-m}} \entry{--format}{19}{\code {--format}} \entry{commas, outputting between files}{19}{\code {commas\r {, outputting between files}}} \entry{-n}{19}{\code {-n}} \entry{--numeric-uid-gid}{19}{\code {--numeric-uid-gid}} \entry{numeric uid and gid}{19}{numeric uid and gid} \entry{file type, marking}{19}{file type, marking} \entry{-x}{19}{\code {-x}} \entry{--format}{19}{\code {--format}} \entry{across, listing files}{19}{\code {across\r {, listing files}}} \entry{horizontal, listing files}{19}{\code {horizontal\r {, listing files}}} \entry{-T}{19}{\code {-T}} \entry{--tabsize}{19}{\code {--tabsize}} \entry{-w}{20}{\code {-w}} \entry{--width}{20}{\code {--width}} \entry{COLUMNS}{20}{\code {COLUMNS}} \entry{-b}{20}{\code {-b}} \entry{--escape}{20}{\code {--escape}} \entry{backslash sequences for file names}{20}{backslash sequences for file names} \entry{-N}{20}{\code {-N}} \entry{--literal}{20}{\code {--literal}} \entry{-q}{20}{\code {-q}} \entry{--hide-control-chars}{20}{\code {--hide-control-chars}} \entry{-Q}{20}{\code {-Q}} \entry{--quote-name}{20}{\code {--quote-name}} \entry{dir}{20}{\code {dir}} \entry{directory listing, brief}{20}{directory listing, brief} \entry{vdir}{20}{\code {vdir}} \entry{directory listing, verbose}{20}{directory listing, verbose} \entry{dircolors}{20}{\code {dircolors}} \entry{color setup}{20}{color setup} \entry{setup for color}{20}{setup for color} \entry{LS{\_}COLORS}{20}{\code {LS{\_}COLORS}} \entry{SHELL environment variable, and color}{20}{\code {SHELL \r {environment variable, and color}}} \entry{-b}{21}{\code {-b}} \entry{--sh}{21}{\code {--sh}} \entry{--bourne-shell}{21}{\code {--bourne-shell}} \entry{Bourne shell syntax for color setup}{21}{Bourne shell syntax for color setup} \entry{sh syntax for color setup}{21}{\code {sh} syntax for color setup} \entry{-c}{21}{\code {-c}} \entry{--csh}{21}{\code {--csh}} \entry{--c-shell}{21}{\code {--c-shell}} \entry{C shell syntax for color setup}{21}{C shell syntax for color setup} \entry{csh syntax for color setup}{21}{\code {csh} syntax for color setup} \entry{-p}{21}{\code {-p}} \entry{--print-database}{21}{\code {--print-database}} \entry{color database, printing}{21}{color database, printing} \entry{database for color setup, printing}{21}{database for color setup, printing} \entry{printing color database}{21}{printing color database} \entry{manipulating files}{22}{manipulating files} \entry{cp}{22}{\code {cp}} \entry{copying files and directories}{22}{copying files and directories} \entry{files, copying}{22}{files, copying} \entry{directories, copying}{22}{directories, copying} \entry{self-backups}{22}{self-backups} \entry{backups, making only}{22}{backups, making only} \entry{-a}{22}{\code {-a}} \entry{--archive}{22}{\code {--archive}} \entry{-b}{22}{\code {-b}} \entry{--backup}{22}{\code {--backup}} \entry{backups, making}{22}{backups, making} \entry{-d}{22}{\code {-d}} \entry{--no-dereference}{22}{\code {--no-dereference}} \entry{symbolic links, copying}{22}{symbolic links, copying} \entry{hard links, preserving}{22}{hard links, preserving} \entry{-f}{22}{\code {-f}} \entry{--force}{22}{\code {--force}} \entry{-i}{22}{\code {-i}} \entry{--interactive}{22}{\code {--interactive}} \entry{-l}{23}{\code {-l}} \entry{--link}{23}{\code {--link}} \entry{-p}{23}{\code {-p}} \entry{--preserve}{23}{\code {--preserve}} \entry{file information, preserving}{23}{file information, preserving} \entry{-P}{23}{\code {-P}} \entry{--parents}{23}{\code {--parents}} \entry{parent directories and cp}{23}{parent directories and \code {cp}} \entry{directories, copying recursively}{23}{directories, copying recursively} \entry{copying directories recursively}{23}{copying directories recursively} \entry{recursively copying directories}{23}{recursively copying directories} \entry{non-directories, copying as special files}{23}{non-directories, copying as special files} \entry{-R}{23}{\code {-R}} \entry{--recursive}{23}{\code {--recursive}} \entry{--sparse=when}{23}{\code {--sparse=\var {when}}} \entry{sparse files, copying}{23}{sparse files, copying} \entry{holes, copying files with}{23}{holes, copying files with} \entry{read system call, and holes}{23}{\code {read \r {system call, and holes}}} \entry{-s}{23}{\code {-s}} \entry{--symbolic-link}{23}{\code {--symbolic-link}} \entry{symbolic links, copying with}{23}{symbolic links, copying with} \entry{-S}{24}{\code {-S}} \entry{--suffix}{24}{\code {--suffix}} \entry{-u}{24}{\code {-u}} \entry{--update}{24}{\code {--update}} \entry{newer files, copying only}{24}{newer files, copying only} \entry{-v}{24}{\code {-v}} \entry{--verbose}{24}{\code {--verbose}} \entry{-V}{24}{\code {-V}} \entry{--version-control}{24}{\code {--version-control}} \entry{-x}{24}{\code {-x}} \entry{--one-file-system}{24}{\code {--one-file-system}} \entry{filesystems, omitting copying to different}{24}{filesystems, omitting copying to different} \entry{dd}{24}{\code {dd}} \entry{converting while copying a file}{24}{converting while copying a file} \entry{multipliers after numbers}{24}{multipliers after numbers} \entry{if}{24}{\code {if}} \entry{of}{24}{\code {of}} \entry{ibs}{24}{\code {ibs}} \entry{block size of input}{24}{block size of input} \entry{input block size}{24}{input block size} \entry{obs}{24}{\code {obs}} \entry{block size of output}{24}{block size of output} \entry{output block size}{24}{output block size} \entry{bs}{24}{\code {bs}} \entry{block size}{24}{block size} \entry{cbs}{24}{\code {cbs}} \entry{block size of conversion}{24}{block size of conversion} \entry{converstion block size}{24}{converstion block size} \entry{skip}{25}{\code {skip}} \entry{seek}{25}{\code {seek}} \entry{count}{25}{\code {count}} \entry{conv}{25}{\code {conv}} \entry{ascii, converting to}{25}{\code {ascii\r {, converting to}}} \entry{ebcdic, converting to}{25}{\code {ebcdic\r {, converting to}}} \entry{alternate ebcdic, converting to}{25}{\code {alternate ebcdic\r {, converting to}}} \entry{block (space-padding)}{25}{\code {block \r {(space-padding)}}} \entry{unblock}{25}{\code {unblock}} \entry{lcase, converting to}{25}{\code {lcase\r {, converting to}}} \entry{ucase, converting to}{25}{\code {ucase\r {, converting to}}} \entry{swab (byte-swapping)}{25}{\code {swab \r {(byte-swapping)}}} \entry{byte-swapping}{25}{byte-swapping} \entry{noerror}{25}{\code {noerror}} \entry{read errors, ignoring}{25}{read errors, ignoring} \entry{notrunc}{25}{\code {notrunc}} \entry{truncating output file, avoiding}{25}{truncating output file, avoiding} \entry{sync (padding with nulls)}{25}{\code {sync \r {(padding with nulls)}}} \entry{install}{25}{\code {install}} \entry{copying files and setting attributes}{25}{copying files and setting attributes} \entry{Makefiles, installing programs in}{25}{Makefiles, installing programs in} \entry{-b}{26}{\code {-b}} \entry{--backup}{26}{\code {--backup}} \entry{backups, making}{26}{backups, making} \entry{-c}{26}{\code {-c}} \entry{-d}{26}{\code {-d}} \entry{--directory}{26}{\code {--directory}} \entry{directories, creating with given attributes}{26}{directories, creating with given attributes} \entry{parent directories, creating missing}{26}{parent directories, creating missing} \entry{leading directories, creating missing}{26}{leading directories, creating missing} \entry{-g}{26}{\code {-g}} \entry{--group}{26}{\code {--group}} \entry{group ownership of installed files, setting}{26}{group ownership of installed files, setting} \entry{-m}{26}{\code {-m}} \entry{--mode}{26}{\code {--mode}} \entry{permissions of installed files, setting}{26}{permissions of installed files, setting} \entry{-o}{26}{\code {-o}} \entry{--owner}{26}{\code {--owner}} \entry{ownership of installed files, setting}{26}{ownership of installed files, setting} \entry{appropriate privileges}{26}{appropriate privileges} \entry{root as default owner}{26}{\code {root \r {as default owner}}} \entry{-s}{26}{\code {-s}} \entry{--strip}{26}{\code {--strip}} \entry{symbol table information, stripping}{26}{symbol table information, stripping} \entry{stripping symbol table information}{26}{stripping symbol table information} \entry{-S}{26}{\code {-S}} \entry{--suffix}{26}{\code {--suffix}} \entry{-V}{26}{\code {-V}} \entry{--version-control}{26}{\code {--version-control}} \entry{mv}{27}{\code {mv}} \entry{prompting, and mv}{27}{prompting, and \code {mv}} \entry{-b}{27}{\code {-b}} \entry{--backup}{27}{\code {--backup}} \entry{backups, making}{27}{backups, making} \entry{-f}{27}{\code {-f}} \entry{--force}{27}{\code {--force}} \entry{prompts, omitting}{27}{prompts, omitting} \entry{-i}{27}{\code {-i}} \entry{--interactive}{27}{\code {--interactive}} \entry{prompts, forcing}{27}{prompts, forcing} \entry{-u}{27}{\code {-u}} \entry{--update}{27}{\code {--update}} \entry{newer files, moving only}{27}{newer files, moving only} \entry{-v}{27}{\code {-v}} \entry{--verbose}{27}{\code {--verbose}} \entry{-S}{27}{\code {-S}} \entry{--suffix}{27}{\code {--suffix}} \entry{-V}{27}{\code {-V}} \entry{--version-control}{27}{\code {--version-control}} \entry{rm}{28}{\code {rm}} \entry{removing files or directories}{28}{removing files or directories} \entry{prompting, and rm}{28}{prompting, and \code {rm}} \entry{-d}{28}{\code {-d}} \entry{--directory}{28}{\code {--directory}} \entry{directories, removing with unlink}{28}{directories, removing with \code {unlink}} \entry{unlink}{28}{\code {unlink}} \entry{fsck}{28}{\code {fsck}} \entry{-f}{28}{\code {-f}} \entry{--force}{28}{\code {--force}} \entry{-i}{28}{\code {-i}} \entry{--interactive}{28}{\code {--interactive}} \entry{-r}{28}{\code {-r}} \entry{-R}{28}{\code {-R}} \entry{--recursive}{28}{\code {--recursive}} \entry{directories, removing (recursively)}{28}{directories, removing (recursively)} \entry{-v}{28}{\code {-v}} \entry{--verbose}{28}{\code {--verbose}} \entry{files beginning with -, removing}{28}{files beginning with \samp {-}, removing} \entry{-, removing files beginning with}{28}{\samp {-}, removing files beginning with} \entry{- and Unix rm}{28}{\code {- \r {and Unix \code {rm}}}} \entry{special file types}{29}{special file types} \entry{file types, special}{29}{file types, special} \entry{special file types}{29}{special file types} \entry{file types}{29}{file types} \entry{ln}{29}{\code {ln}} \entry{links, creating}{29}{links, creating} \entry{hard links, creating}{29}{hard links, creating} \entry{symbolic (soft) links, creating}{29}{symbolic (soft) links, creating} \entry{creating links (hard or soft)}{29}{creating links (hard or soft)} \entry{filesystems and hard links}{29}{filesystems and hard links} \entry{dereferencing symbolic links}{29}{dereferencing symbolic links} \entry{-b}{29}{\code {-b}} \entry{--backup}{29}{\code {--backup}} \entry{backups, making}{29}{backups, making} \entry{-d}{30}{\code {-d}} \entry{-F}{30}{\code {-F}} \entry{--directory}{30}{\code {--directory}} \entry{hard links to directories}{30}{hard links to directories} \entry{-f}{30}{\code {-f}} \entry{--force}{30}{\code {--force}} \entry{-i}{30}{\code {-i}} \entry{--interactive}{30}{\code {--interactive}} \entry{prompting, and ln}{30}{prompting, and \code {ln}} \entry{-n}{30}{\code {-n}} \entry{--no-dereference}{30}{\code {--no-dereference}} \entry{-s}{30}{\code {-s}} \entry{--symbolic}{30}{\code {--symbolic}} \entry{-v}{30}{\code {-v}} \entry{--verbose}{30}{\code {--verbose}} \entry{-S}{30}{\code {-S}} \entry{--suffix}{30}{\code {--suffix}} \entry{-V}{30}{\code {-V}} \entry{--version-control}{30}{\code {--version-control}} \entry{mkdir}{30}{\code {mkdir}} \entry{directories, creating}{30}{directories, creating} \entry{creating directories}{30}{creating directories} \entry{-m}{31}{\code {-m}} \entry{--mode}{31}{\code {--mode}} \entry{modes of created directories, setting}{31}{modes of created directories, setting} \entry{-p}{31}{\code {-p}} \entry{--parents}{31}{\code {--parents}} \entry{parent directories, creating}{31}{parent directories, creating} \entry{--verbose}{31}{\code {--verbose}} \entry{mkfifo}{31}{\code {mkfifo}} \entry{FIFOs, creating}{31}{FIFOs, creating} \entry{named pipes, creating}{31}{named pipes, creating} \entry{creating FIFOs (named pipes)}{31}{creating FIFOs (named pipes)} \entry{-m}{31}{\code {-m}} \entry{--mode}{31}{\code {--mode}} \entry{modes of created FIFOs, setting}{31}{modes of created FIFOs, setting} \entry{mknod}{31}{\code {mknod}} \entry{block special files, creating}{31}{block special files, creating} \entry{character special files, creating}{31}{character special files, creating} \entry{special files}{31}{special files} \entry{block special files}{31}{block special files} \entry{character special files}{31}{character special files} \entry{p for FIFO file}{32}{\code {p \r {for FIFO file}}} \entry{b for block special file}{32}{\code {b \r {for block special file}}} \entry{c for character special file}{32}{\code {c \r {for character special file}}} \entry{buffered character file}{32}{buffered character file} \entry{u for unbuffered character special file}{32}{\code {u \r {for unbuffered character special file}}} \entry{unbuffered character special file}{32}{unbuffered character special file} \entry{-m}{32}{\code {-m}} \entry{--mode}{32}{\code {--mode}} \entry{rmdir}{32}{\code {rmdir}} \entry{removing empty directories}{32}{removing empty directories} \entry{directories, removing empty}{32}{directories, removing empty} \entry{-p}{32}{\code {-p}} \entry{--parents}{32}{\code {--parents}} \entry{parent directories, removing}{32}{parent directories, removing} \entry{changing file attributes}{33}{changing file attributes} \entry{file attributes, changing}{33}{file attributes, changing} \entry{attributes, file}{33}{attributes, file} \entry{chown}{33}{\code {chown}} \entry{file ownership, changing}{33}{file ownership, changing} \entry{group ownerships, changing}{33}{group ownerships, changing} \entry{changing file ownership}{33}{changing file ownership} \entry{changing group ownership}{33}{changing group ownership} \entry{-c}{33}{\code {-c}} \entry{--changes}{33}{\code {--changes}} \entry{changed owners, verbosely describing}{33}{changed owners, verbosely describing} \entry{-f}{33}{\code {-f}} \entry{--silent}{33}{\code {--silent}} \entry{--quiet}{33}{\code {--quiet}} \entry{error messages, omitting}{33}{error messages, omitting} \entry{-h}{33}{\code {-h}} \entry{--no-dereference}{33}{\code {--no-dereference}} \entry{symbolic links, changing owner}{33}{symbolic links, changing owner} \entry{lchown}{33}{\code {lchown}} \entry{-v}{34}{\code {-v}} \entry{--verbose}{34}{\code {--verbose}} \entry{-R}{34}{\code {-R}} \entry{--recursive}{34}{\code {--recursive}} \entry{recursively changing file ownership}{34}{recursively changing file ownership} \entry{chgrp}{34}{\code {chgrp}} \entry{group ownership, changing}{34}{group ownership, changing} \entry{changing group ownership}{34}{changing group ownership} \entry{-c}{34}{\code {-c}} \entry{--changes}{34}{\code {--changes}} \entry{changed files, verbosely describing}{34}{changed files, verbosely describing} \entry{-f}{34}{\code {-f}} \entry{--silent}{34}{\code {--silent}} \entry{--quiet}{34}{\code {--quiet}} \entry{error messages, omitting}{34}{error messages, omitting} \entry{-f}{34}{\code {-f}} \entry{--no-dereference}{34}{\code {--no-dereference}} \entry{symbolic links, changing group}{34}{symbolic links, changing group} \entry{lchown}{34}{\code {lchown}} \entry{-v}{34}{\code {-v}} \entry{--verbose}{34}{\code {--verbose}} \entry{-R}{34}{\code {-R}} \entry{--recursive}{34}{\code {--recursive}} \entry{recursively changing group ownership}{34}{recursively changing group ownership} \entry{chmod}{34}{\code {chmod}} \entry{changing access permissions}{34}{changing access permissions} \entry{access permissions, changing}{34}{access permissions, changing} \entry{permissions, changing access}{34}{permissions, changing access} \entry{symbolic links, permissions of}{34}{symbolic links, permissions of} \entry{-c}{35}{\code {-c}} \entry{--changes}{35}{\code {--changes}} \entry{-f}{35}{\code {-f}} \entry{--silent}{35}{\code {--silent}} \entry{--quiet}{35}{\code {--quiet}} \entry{error messages, omitting}{35}{error messages, omitting} \entry{-v}{35}{\code {-v}} \entry{--verbose}{35}{\code {--verbose}} \entry{-R}{35}{\code {-R}} \entry{--recursive}{35}{\code {--recursive}} \entry{recursively changing access permissions}{35}{recursively changing access permissions} \entry{touch}{35}{\code {touch}} \entry{changing file timestamps}{35}{changing file timestamps} \entry{file timestamps, changing}{35}{file timestamps, changing} \entry{timestamps, changing file}{35}{timestamps, changing file} \entry{empty files, creating}{35}{empty files, creating} \entry{permissions, for changing file timestamps}{35}{permissions, for changing file timestamps} \entry{-a}{35}{\code {-a}} \entry{--time}{35}{\code {--time}} \entry{atime, changing}{35}{\code {atime\r {, changing}}} \entry{access time, changing}{35}{\code {access \r {time, changing}}} \entry{use time, changing}{35}{\code {use \r {time, changing}}} \entry{-c}{35}{\code {-c}} \entry{--no-create}{35}{\code {--no-create}} \entry{-d}{35}{\code {-d}} \entry{--date}{35}{\code {--date}} \entry{time}{35}{\code {time}} \entry{-f}{35}{\code {-f}} \entry{BSD touch compatibility}{35}{BSD \code {touch} compatibility} \entry{-m}{36}{\code {-m}} \entry{--time}{36}{\code {--time}} \entry{mtime, changing}{36}{\code {mtime\r {, changing}}} \entry{modify time, changing}{36}{\code {modify \r {time, changing}}} \entry{-r}{36}{\code {-r}} \entry{--reference}{36}{\code {--reference}} \entry{disk usage}{37}{disk usage} \entry{df}{37}{\code {df}} \entry{filesystem disk usage}{37}{filesystem disk usage} \entry{disk usage by filesystem}{37}{disk usage by filesystem} \entry{POSIXLY{\_}CORRECT}{37}{\code {POSIXLY{\_}CORRECT}} \entry{disk device file}{37}{disk device file} \entry{device file, disk}{37}{device file, disk} \entry{-a}{37}{\code {-a}} \entry{--all}{37}{\code {--all}} \entry{automounter filesystems}{37}{automounter filesystems} \entry{ignore filesystems}{37}{ignore filesystems} \entry{-h}{37}{\code {-h}} \entry{--human-readable}{37}{\code {--human-readable}} \entry{human-readable df output}{37}{human-readable \code {df} output} \entry{-i}{37}{\code {-i}} \entry{--inodes}{37}{\code {--inodes}} \entry{inode usage}{37}{inode usage} \entry{-k}{37}{\code {-k}} \entry{--kilobytes}{37}{\code {--kilobytes}} \entry{POSIXLY{\_}CORRECT, overridden by df -k}{37}{\code {POSIXLY{\_}CORRECT\r {, overridden by \code {df -k}}}} \entry{kilobytes for filesystem sizes}{37}{kilobytes for filesystem sizes} \entry{-m}{38}{\code {-m}} \entry{--megabytes}{38}{\code {--megabytes}} \entry{megabytes for filesystem sizes}{38}{megabytes for filesystem sizes} \entry{--no-sync}{38}{\code {--no-sync}} \entry{filesystem space, retrieving old data more quickly}{38}{filesystem space, retrieving old data more quickly} \entry{-P}{38}{\code {-P}} \entry{--portability}{38}{\code {--portability}} \entry{one-line output format}{38}{one-line output format} \entry{POSIX output format}{38}{POSIX output format} \entry{portable output format}{38}{portable output format} \entry{output format, portable}{38}{output format, portable} \entry{--sync}{38}{\code {--sync}} \entry{filesystem space, retrieving current data more slowly}{38}{filesystem space, retrieving current data more slowly} \entry{-t}{38}{\code {-t}} \entry{--type}{38}{\code {--type}} \entry{filesystem types, limiting output to certain}{38}{filesystem types, limiting output to certain} \entry{-T}{38}{\code {-T}} \entry{--print-type}{38}{\code {--print-type}} \entry{filesystem types, printing}{38}{filesystem types, printing} \entry{NFS filesystem type}{38}{NFS filesystem type} \entry{Linux filesystem types}{38}{Linux filesystem types} \entry{local filesystem types}{38}{local filesystem types} \entry{4.2 filesystem type}{38}{\code {4.2 \r {filesystem type}}} \entry{ufs filesystem type}{38}{\code {ufs \r {filesystem type}}} \entry{efs filesystem type}{38}{\code {efs \r {filesystem type}}} \entry{CD-ROM filesystem type}{38}{CD-ROM filesystem type} \entry{High Sierra filesystem}{38}{High Sierra filesystem} \entry{hsfs filesystem type}{38}{\code {hsfs \r {filesystem type}}} \entry{cdfs filesystem type}{38}{\code {cdfs \r {filesystem type}}} \entry{PC filesystem}{38}{PC filesystem} \entry{DOS filesystem}{38}{DOS filesystem} \entry{MS-DOS filesystem}{38}{MS-DOS filesystem} \entry{diskette filesystem}{38}{diskette filesystem} \entry{pcfs}{38}{\code {pcfs}} \entry{-x}{39}{\code {-x}} \entry{--exclude-type}{39}{\code {--exclude-type}} \entry{du}{39}{\code {du}} \entry{file space usage}{39}{file space usage} \entry{disk usage for files}{39}{disk usage for files} \entry{-a}{39}{\code {-a}} \entry{--all}{39}{\code {--all}} \entry{-b}{39}{\code {-b}} \entry{--bytes}{39}{\code {--bytes}} \entry{-c}{39}{\code {-c}} \entry{--total}{39}{\code {--total}} \entry{grand total of disk space}{39}{grand total of disk space} \entry{-D}{39}{\code {-D}} \entry{--dereference-args}{39}{\code {--dereference-args}} \entry{-h}{39}{\code {-h}} \entry{--human-readable}{39}{\code {--human-readable}} \entry{human-readable df output}{39}{human-readable \code {df} output} \entry{-k}{39}{\code {-k}} \entry{--kilobytes}{39}{\code {--kilobytes}} \entry{POSIXLY{\_}CORRECT, overridden by du -k}{39}{\code {POSIXLY{\_}CORRECT\r {, overridden by \code {du -k}}}} \entry{-l}{39}{\code {-l}} \entry{--count-links}{39}{\code {--count-links}} \entry{hard links, counting in du}{39}{hard links, counting in \code {du}} \entry{-L}{40}{\code {-L}} \entry{--dereference}{40}{\code {--dereference}} \entry{-m}{40}{\code {-m}} \entry{--megabytes}{40}{\code {--megabytes}} \entry{megabytes for filesystem sizes}{40}{megabytes for filesystem sizes} \entry{-s}{40}{\code {-s}} \entry{--summarize}{40}{\code {--summarize}} \entry{-S}{40}{\code {-S}} \entry{--separate-dirs}{40}{\code {--separate-dirs}} \entry{-x}{40}{\code {-x}} \entry{--one-file-system}{40}{\code {--one-file-system}} \entry{one filesystem, restricting du to}{40}{one filesystem, restricting \code {du} to} \entry{NFS mounts from BSD to HP-UX}{40}{NFS mounts from BSD to HP-UX} \entry{sync}{40}{\code {sync}} \entry{synchronize disk and memory}{40}{synchronize disk and memory} \entry{superblock, writing}{40}{superblock, writing} \entry{inodes, written buffered}{40}{inodes, written buffered} \entry{crashes and corruption}{40}{crashes and corruption} .