\entry{text utilities}{1}{text utilities} \entry{shell utilities}{1}{shell utilities} \entry{file utilities}{1}{file utilities} \entry{POSIX}{1}{\acronym {POSIX}} \entry{bugs, reporting}{1}{bugs, reporting} \entry{Berry, K.}{1}{Berry, K.} \entry{Paterson, R.}{1}{Paterson, R.} \entry{Stallman, R.}{1}{Stallman, R.} \entry{Pinard, F.}{1}{Pinard, F.} \entry{MacKenzie, D.}{1}{MacKenzie, D.} \entry{Meyering, J.}{1}{Meyering, J.} \entry{Youmans, B.}{1}{Youmans, B.} \entry{common options}{2}{common options} \entry{POSIXLY_CORRECT}{2}{\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}} \entry{--help}{2}{\code {--help}} \entry{help, online}{2}{help, online} \entry{--version}{2}{\code {--version}} \entry{version number, finding}{2}{version number, finding} \entry{--}{2}{\code {--}} \entry{option delimiter}{2}{option delimiter} \entry{standard input}{2}{standard input} \entry{standard output}{2}{standard output} \entry{backup options}{2}{backup options} \entry{-b}{2}{\code {-b}} \entry{--backup}{2}{\code {--backup}} \entry{VERSION_CONTROL}{2}{\code {VERSION_CONTROL}} \entry{backups, making}{2}{backups, making} \entry{version-control Emacs variable}{2}{\code {version-control \r {Emacs variable}}} \entry{none backup method}{2}{\code {none \r {backup method}}} \entry{numbered backup method}{3}{\code {numbered \r {backup method}}} \entry{existing backup method}{3}{\code {existing \r {backup method}}} \entry{simple backup method}{3}{\code {simple \r {backup method}}} \entry{-S}{3}{\code {-S}} \entry{--suffix}{3}{\code {--suffix}} \entry{backup suffix}{3}{backup suffix} \entry{SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX}{3}{\code {SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX}} \entry{--version-control}{3}{\code {--version-control}} \entry{block size}{3}{block size} \entry{--block-size=size}{3}{\code {--block-size=\var {size}}} \entry{BLOCK_SIZE}{3}{\code {BLOCK_SIZE}} \entry{DF_BLOCK_SIZE}{3}{\code {DF_BLOCK_SIZE}} \entry{DU_BLOCK_SIZE}{3}{\code {DU_BLOCK_SIZE}} \entry{LS_BLOCK_SIZE}{3}{\code {LS_BLOCK_SIZE}} \entry{POSIXLY_CORRECT, and block size}{3}{\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT\r {, and block size}}} \entry{human-readable output}{3}{human-readable output} \entry{SI output}{3}{SI output} \entry{LC_NUMERIC}{4}{\code {LC_NUMERIC}} \entry{kilobyte, definition of}{4}{kilobyte, definition of} \entry{kibibyte, definition of}{4}{kibibyte, definition of} \entry{megabyte, definition of}{4}{megabyte, definition of} \entry{mebibyte, definition of}{4}{mebibyte, definition of} \entry{gigabyte, definition of}{4}{gigabyte, definition of} \entry{gibibyte, definition of}{4}{gibibyte, definition of} \entry{terabyte, definition of}{4}{terabyte, definition of} \entry{tebibyte, definition of}{4}{tebibyte, definition of} \entry{petabyte, definition of}{4}{petabyte, definition of} \entry{pebibyte, definition of}{4}{pebibyte, definition of} \entry{exabyte, definition of}{4}{exabyte, definition of} \entry{exbibyte, definition of}{4}{exbibyte, definition of} \entry{zettabyte, definition of}{4}{zettabyte, definition of} \entry{yottabyte, definition of}{5}{yottabyte, definition of} \entry{-k}{5}{\code {-k}} \entry{-h}{5}{\code {-h}} \entry{--block-size}{5}{\code {--block-size}} \entry{--human-readable}{5}{\code {--human-readable}} \entry{--si}{5}{\code {--si}} \entry{target directory}{5}{target directory} \entry{--target-directory}{5}{\code {--target-directory}} \entry{target directory}{5}{target directory} \entry{destination directory}{5}{destination directory} \entry{trailing slashes}{6}{trailing slashes} \entry{POSIXLY_CORRECT}{6}{\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}} \entry{_POSIX2_VERSION}{6}{\code {_POSIX2_VERSION}} \entry{output of entire files}{7}{output of entire files} \entry{entire files, output of}{7}{entire files, output of} \entry{cat}{7}{\code {cat}} \entry{concatenate and write files}{7}{concatenate and write files} \entry{copying files}{7}{copying files} \entry{-A}{7}{\code {-A}} \entry{--show-all}{7}{\code {--show-all}} \entry{-B}{7}{\code {-B}} \entry{--binary}{7}{\code {--binary}} \entry{binary and text I/O in cat}{7}{binary and text I/O in cat} \entry{-b}{7}{\code {-b}} \entry{--number-nonblank}{7}{\code {--number-nonblank}} \entry{-e}{7}{\code {-e}} \entry{-E}{7}{\code {-E}} \entry{--show-ends}{7}{\code {--show-ends}} \entry{-n}{7}{\code {-n}} \entry{--number}{7}{\code {--number}} \entry{-s}{7}{\code {-s}} \entry{--squeeze-blank}{7}{\code {--squeeze-blank}} \entry{squeezing blank lines}{7}{squeezing blank lines} \entry{-t}{8}{\code {-t}} \entry{-T}{8}{\code {-T}} \entry{--show-tabs}{8}{\code {--show-tabs}} \entry{-u}{8}{\code {-u}} \entry{-v}{8}{\code {-v}} \entry{--show-nonprinting}{8}{\code {--show-nonprinting}} \entry{tac}{8}{\code {tac}} \entry{reversing files}{8}{reversing files} \entry{-b}{8}{\code {-b}} \entry{--before}{8}{\code {--before}} \entry{-r}{8}{\code {-r}} \entry{--regex}{8}{\code {--regex}} \entry{-s}{8}{\code {-s}} \entry{--separator}{8}{\code {--separator}} \entry{nl}{8}{\code {nl}} \entry{numbering lines}{8}{numbering lines} \entry{line numbering}{8}{line numbering} \entry{logical pages, numbering on}{8}{logical pages, numbering on} \entry{headers, numbering}{8}{headers, numbering} \entry{body, numbering}{8}{body, numbering} \entry{footers, numbering}{8}{footers, numbering} \entry{-b}{9}{\code {-b}} \entry{--body-numbering}{9}{\code {--body-numbering}} \entry{-d}{9}{\code {-d}} \entry{--section-delimiter}{9}{\code {--section-delimiter}} \entry{section delimiters of pages}{9}{section delimiters of pages} \entry{-f}{9}{\code {-f}} \entry{--footer-numbering}{9}{\code {--footer-numbering}} \entry{-h}{9}{\code {-h}} \entry{--header-numbering}{9}{\code {--header-numbering}} \entry{-i}{9}{\code {-i}} \entry{--page-increment}{9}{\code {--page-increment}} \entry{-l}{10}{\code {-l}} \entry{--join-blank-lines}{10}{\code {--join-blank-lines}} \entry{empty lines, numbering}{10}{empty lines, numbering} \entry{blank lines, numbering}{10}{blank lines, numbering} \entry{-n}{10}{\code {-n}} \entry{--number-format}{10}{\code {--number-format}} \entry{ln format for nl}{10}{\code {ln \r {format for \command {nl}}}} \entry{rn format for nl}{10}{\code {rn \r {format for \command {nl}}}} \entry{rz format for nl}{10}{\code {rz \r {format for \command {nl}}}} \entry{-p}{10}{\code {-p}} \entry{--no-renumber}{10}{\code {--no-renumber}} \entry{-s}{10}{\code {-s}} \entry{--number-separator}{10}{\code {--number-separator}} \entry{-v}{10}{\code {-v}} \entry{--starting-line-number}{10}{\code {--starting-line-number}} \entry{-w}{10}{\code {-w}} \entry{--number-width}{10}{\code {--number-width}} \entry{od}{10}{\code {od}} \entry{octal dump of files}{10}{octal dump of files} \entry{hex dump of files}{10}{hex dump of files} \entry{ASCII dump of files}{10}{ASCII dump of files} \entry{file contents, dumping unambiguously}{10}{file contents, dumping unambiguously} \entry{-A}{10}{\code {-A}} \entry{--address-radix}{10}{\code {--address-radix}} \entry{radix for file offsets}{10}{radix for file offsets} \entry{file offset radix}{10}{file offset radix} \entry{-j}{11}{\code {-j}} \entry{--skip-bytes}{11}{\code {--skip-bytes}} \entry{-N}{11}{\code {-N}} \entry{--read-bytes}{11}{\code {--read-bytes}} \entry{-s}{11}{\code {-s}} \entry{--strings}{11}{\code {--strings}} \entry{string constants, outputting}{11}{string constants, outputting} \entry{-t}{11}{\code {-t}} \entry{--format}{11}{\code {--format}} \entry{type size}{12}{type size} \entry{-v}{12}{\code {-v}} \entry{--output-duplicates}{12}{\code {--output-duplicates}} \entry{-w}{12}{\code {-w}} \entry{--width}{12}{\code {--width}} \entry{-a}{12}{\code {-a}} \entry{-b}{12}{\code {-b}} \entry{-c}{12}{\code {-c}} \entry{-d}{12}{\code {-d}} \entry{-f}{12}{\code {-f}} \entry{-h}{12}{\code {-h}} \entry{-i}{12}{\code {-i}} \entry{-l}{13}{\code {-l}} \entry{-o}{13}{\code {-o}} \entry{-x}{13}{\code {-x}} \entry{--traditional}{13}{\code {--traditional}} \entry{formatting file contents}{14}{formatting file contents} \entry{fmt}{14}{\code {fmt}} \entry{reformatting paragraph text}{14}{reformatting paragraph text} \entry{paragraphs, reformatting}{14}{paragraphs, reformatting} \entry{text, reformatting}{14}{text, reformatting} \entry{line-breaking}{14}{line-breaking} \entry{sentences and line-breaking}{14}{sentences and line-breaking} \entry{Knuth, Donald E.}{14}{Knuth, Donald E.} \entry{Plass, Michael F.}{14}{Plass, Michael F.} \entry{-c}{14}{\code {-c}} \entry{--crown-margin}{14}{\code {--crown-margin}} \entry{crown margin}{14}{crown margin} \entry{-t}{14}{\code {-t}} \entry{--tagged-paragraph}{14}{\code {--tagged-paragraph}} \entry{tagged paragraphs}{14}{tagged paragraphs} \entry{-s}{14}{\code {-s}} \entry{--split-only}{14}{\code {--split-only}} \entry{-u}{14}{\code {-u}} \entry{--uniform-spacing}{14}{\code {--uniform-spacing}} \entry{-width}{15}{\code {-\var {width}}} \entry{-w}{15}{\code {-w}} \entry{--width}{15}{\code {--width}} \entry{pr}{15}{\code {pr}} \entry{printing, preparing files for}{15}{printing, preparing files for} \entry{multicolumn output, generating}{15}{multicolumn output, generating} \entry{merging files in parallel}{15}{merging files in parallel} \entry{LC_MESSAGES}{15}{\code {LC_MESSAGES}} \entry{+page_range}{16}{\code {+\var {page_range}}} \entry{--pages=page_range}{16}{\code {--pages=\var {page_range}}} \entry{-column}{16}{\code {-\var {column}}} \entry{--columns}{16}{\code {--columns}} \entry{down columns}{16}{down columns} \entry{-a}{16}{\code {-a}} \entry{--across}{16}{\code {--across}} \entry{across columns}{16}{across columns} \entry{-c}{16}{\code {-c}} \entry{--show-control-chars}{16}{\code {--show-control-chars}} \entry{-d}{16}{\code {-d}} \entry{--double-space}{16}{\code {--double-space}} \entry{double spacing}{16}{double spacing} \entry{time formats}{16}{time formats} \entry{formatting times}{16}{formatting times} \entry{POSIXLY_CORRECT}{16}{\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}} \entry{LC_TIME}{16}{\code {LC_TIME}} \entry{-e}{17}{\code {-e}} \entry{--expand-tabs}{17}{\code {--expand-tabs}} \entry{input tabs}{17}{input tabs} \entry{-F}{17}{\code {-F}} \entry{-f}{17}{\code {-f}} \entry{--form-feed}{17}{\code {--form-feed}} \entry{-h}{17}{\code {-h}} \entry{--header}{17}{\code {--header}} \entry{-i}{17}{\code {-i}} \entry{--output-tabs}{17}{\code {--output-tabs}} \entry{output tabs}{17}{output tabs} \entry{-J}{17}{\code {-J}} \entry{--join-lines}{17}{\code {--join-lines}} \entry{-l}{17}{\code {-l}} \entry{--length}{17}{\code {--length}} \entry{-m}{17}{\code {-m}} \entry{--merge}{17}{\code {--merge}} \entry{-n}{18}{\code {-n}} \entry{--number-lines}{18}{\code {--number-lines}} \entry{-N}{18}{\code {-N}} \entry{--first-line-number}{18}{\code {--first-line-number}} \entry{-o}{18}{\code {-o}} \entry{--indent}{18}{\code {--indent}} \entry{indenting lines}{18}{indenting lines} \entry{left margin}{18}{left margin} \entry{-r}{18}{\code {-r}} \entry{--no-file-warnings}{18}{\code {--no-file-warnings}} \entry{-s}{18}{\code {-s}} \entry{--separator}{18}{\code {--separator}} \entry{-S}{19}{\code {-S}} \entry{--sep-string}{19}{\code {--sep-string}} \entry{-t}{19}{\code {-t}} \entry{--omit-header}{19}{\code {--omit-header}} \entry{-T}{19}{\code {-T}} \entry{--omit-pagination}{19}{\code {--omit-pagination}} \entry{-v}{19}{\code {-v}} \entry{--show-nonprinting}{19}{\code {--show-nonprinting}} \entry{-w}{19}{\code {-w}} \entry{--width}{19}{\code {--width}} \entry{-W}{19}{\code {-W}} \entry{--page_width}{19}{\code {--page_width}} \entry{fold}{20}{\code {fold}} \entry{wrapping long input lines}{20}{wrapping long input lines} \entry{folding long input lines}{20}{folding long input lines} \entry{screen columns}{20}{screen columns} \entry{-b}{20}{\code {-b}} \entry{--bytes}{20}{\code {--bytes}} \entry{-s}{20}{\code {-s}} \entry{--spaces}{20}{\code {--spaces}} \entry{-w}{20}{\code {-w}} \entry{--width}{20}{\code {--width}} \entry{output of parts of files}{21}{output of parts of files} \entry{parts of files, output of}{21}{parts of files, output of} \entry{head}{21}{\code {head}} \entry{initial part of files, outputting}{21}{initial part of files, outputting} \entry{first part of files, outputting}{21}{first part of files, outputting} \entry{-c}{21}{\code {-c}} \entry{--bytes}{21}{\code {--bytes}} \entry{-n}{21}{\code {-n}} \entry{--lines}{21}{\code {--lines}} \entry{-q}{21}{\code {-q}} \entry{--quiet}{21}{\code {--quiet}} \entry{--silent}{21}{\code {--silent}} \entry{-v}{21}{\code {-v}} \entry{--verbose}{21}{\code {--verbose}} \entry{tail}{21}{\code {tail}} \entry{last part of files, outputting}{21}{last part of files, outputting} \entry{BSD tail}{22}{BSD \command {tail}} \entry{-c}{22}{\code {-c}} \entry{--bytes}{22}{\code {--bytes}} \entry{-f}{22}{\code {-f}} \entry{--follow}{22}{\code {--follow}} \entry{growing files}{22}{growing files} \entry{name follow option}{22}{\code {name \r {follow option}}} \entry{descriptor follow option}{22}{\code {descriptor \r {follow option}}} \entry{-F}{23}{\code {-F}} \entry{--retry}{23}{\code {--retry}} \entry{--sleep-interval}{23}{\code {--sleep-interval}} \entry{--pid}{23}{\code {--pid}} \entry{--max-unchanged-stats}{23}{\code {--max-unchanged-stats}} \entry{-n}{23}{\code {-n}} \entry{--lines}{23}{\code {--lines}} \entry{-q}{23}{\code {-q}} \entry{--quiet}{23}{\code {--quiet}} \entry{--silent}{23}{\code {--silent}} \entry{-v}{23}{\code {-v}} \entry{--verbose}{23}{\code {--verbose}} \entry{split}{24}{\code {split}} \entry{splitting a file into pieces}{24}{splitting a file into pieces} \entry{pieces, splitting a file into}{24}{pieces, splitting a file into} \entry{output file name prefix}{24}{output file name prefix} \entry{-a}{24}{\code {-a}} \entry{--suffix-length}{24}{\code {--suffix-length}} \entry{-l}{24}{\code {-l}} \entry{--lines}{24}{\code {--lines}} \entry{-b}{24}{\code {-b}} \entry{--bytes}{24}{\code {--bytes}} \entry{-C}{24}{\code {-C}} \entry{--line-bytes}{24}{\code {--line-bytes}} \entry{--verbose}{24}{\code {--verbose}} \entry{csplit}{25}{\code {csplit}} \entry{context splitting}{25}{context splitting} \entry{splitting a file into pieces by context}{25}{splitting a file into pieces by context} \entry{-f}{25}{\code {-f}} \entry{--prefix}{25}{\code {--prefix}} \entry{output file name prefix}{25}{output file name prefix} \entry{-b}{25}{\code {-b}} \entry{--suffix}{25}{\code {--suffix}} \entry{output file name suffix}{25}{output file name suffix} \entry{-n}{26}{\code {-n}} \entry{--digits}{26}{\code {--digits}} \entry{-k}{26}{\code {-k}} \entry{--keep-files}{26}{\code {--keep-files}} \entry{-z}{26}{\code {-z}} \entry{--elide-empty-files}{26}{\code {--elide-empty-files}} \entry{-s}{26}{\code {-s}} \entry{-q}{26}{\code {-q}} \entry{--silent}{26}{\code {--silent}} \entry{--quiet}{26}{\code {--quiet}} \entry{summarizing files}{27}{summarizing files} \entry{wc}{27}{\code {wc}} \entry{byte count}{27}{byte count} \entry{character count}{27}{character count} \entry{word count}{27}{word count} \entry{line count}{27}{line count} \entry{total counts}{27}{total counts} \entry{POSIXLY_CORRECT}{27}{\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}} \entry{-c}{27}{\code {-c}} \entry{--bytes}{27}{\code {--bytes}} \entry{-m}{27}{\code {-m}} \entry{--chars}{27}{\code {--chars}} \entry{-w}{27}{\code {-w}} \entry{--words}{27}{\code {--words}} \entry{-l}{27}{\code {-l}} \entry{--lines}{27}{\code {--lines}} \entry{-L}{27}{\code {-L}} \entry{--max-line-length}{27}{\code {--max-line-length}} \entry{sum}{28}{\code {sum}} \entry{16-bit checksum}{28}{16-bit checksum} \entry{checksum, 16-bit}{28}{checksum, 16-bit} \entry{-r}{28}{\code {-r}} \entry{BSD sum}{28}{BSD \command {sum}} \entry{-s}{28}{\code {-s}} \entry{--sysv}{28}{\code {--sysv}} \entry{System V sum}{28}{System V \command {sum}} \entry{cksum}{28}{\code {cksum}} \entry{cyclic redundancy check}{28}{cyclic redundancy check} \entry{CRC checksum}{28}{CRC checksum} \entry{md5sum}{28}{\code {md5sum}} \entry{128-bit checksum}{28}{128-bit checksum} \entry{checksum, 128-bit}{28}{checksum, 128-bit} \entry{fingerprint, 128-bit}{28}{fingerprint, 128-bit} \entry{message-digest, 128-bit}{28}{message-digest, 128-bit} \entry{-b}{29}{\code {-b}} \entry{--binary}{29}{\code {--binary}} \entry{binary input files}{29}{binary input files} \entry{--status}{29}{\code {--status}} \entry{verifying MD5 checksums}{29}{verifying MD5 checksums} \entry{-t}{29}{\code {-t}} \entry{--text}{29}{\code {--text}} \entry{text input files}{29}{text input files} \entry{-w}{29}{\code {-w}} \entry{--warn}{29}{\code {--warn}} \entry{verifying MD5 checksums}{29}{verifying MD5 checksums} \entry{operating on sorted files}{30}{operating on sorted files} \entry{sorted files, operations on}{30}{sorted files, operations on} \entry{sort}{30}{\code {sort}} \entry{sorting files}{30}{sorting files} \entry{-c}{30}{\code {-c}} \entry{--check}{30}{\code {--check}} \entry{checking for sortedness}{30}{checking for sortedness} \entry{-m}{30}{\code {-m}} \entry{--merge}{30}{\code {--merge}} \entry{merging sorted files}{30}{merging sorted files} \entry{LC_ALL}{30}{\code {LC_ALL}} \entry{LC_COLLATE}{30}{\code {LC_COLLATE}} \entry{TMPDIR}{30}{\code {TMPDIR}} \entry{-b}{31}{\code {-b}} \entry{--ignore-leading-blanks}{31}{\code {--ignore-leading-blanks}} \entry{blanks, ignoring leading}{31}{blanks, ignoring leading} \entry{LC_CTYPE}{31}{\code {LC_CTYPE}} \entry{-d}{31}{\code {-d}} \entry{--dictionary-order}{31}{\code {--dictionary-order}} \entry{dictionary order}{31}{dictionary order} \entry{phone directory order}{31}{phone directory order} \entry{telephone directory order}{31}{telephone directory order} \entry{LC_CTYPE}{31}{\code {LC_CTYPE}} \entry{-f}{31}{\code {-f}} \entry{--ignore-case}{31}{\code {--ignore-case}} \entry{ignoring case}{31}{ignoring case} \entry{case folding}{31}{case folding} \entry{LC_CTYPE}{31}{\code {LC_CTYPE}} \entry{-g}{31}{\code {-g}} \entry{--general-numeric-sort}{31}{\code {--general-numeric-sort}} \entry{general numeric sort}{31}{general numeric sort} \entry{LC_NUMERIC}{31}{\code {LC_NUMERIC}} \entry{-i}{31}{\code {-i}} \entry{--ignore-nonprinting}{31}{\code {--ignore-nonprinting}} \entry{nonprinting characters, ignoring}{31}{nonprinting characters, ignoring} \entry{unprintable characters, ignoring}{31}{unprintable characters, ignoring} \entry{LC_CTYPE}{31}{\code {LC_CTYPE}} \entry{-M}{31}{\code {-M}} \entry{--month-sort}{31}{\code {--month-sort}} \entry{months, sorting by}{31}{months, sorting by} \entry{LC_TIME}{31}{\code {LC_TIME}} \entry{-n}{32}{\code {-n}} \entry{--numeric-sort}{32}{\code {--numeric-sort}} \entry{numeric sort}{32}{numeric sort} \entry{LC_NUMERIC}{32}{\code {LC_NUMERIC}} \entry{-r}{32}{\code {-r}} \entry{--reverse}{32}{\code {--reverse}} \entry{reverse sorting}{32}{reverse sorting} \entry{-o}{32}{\code {-o}} \entry{--output}{32}{\code {--output}} \entry{overwriting of input, allowed}{32}{overwriting of input, allowed} \entry{POSIXLY_CORRECT}{32}{\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}} \entry{-S}{32}{\code {-S}} \entry{--buffer-size}{32}{\code {--buffer-size}} \entry{size for main memory sorting}{32}{size for main memory sorting} \entry{-t}{33}{\code {-t}} \entry{--field-separator}{33}{\code {--field-separator}} \entry{field separator character}{33}{field separator character} \entry{-T}{33}{\code {-T}} \entry{--temporary-directory}{33}{\code {--temporary-directory}} \entry{temporary directory}{33}{temporary directory} \entry{TMPDIR}{33}{\code {TMPDIR}} \entry{-u}{33}{\code {-u}} \entry{--unique}{33}{\code {--unique}} \entry{uniquifying output}{33}{uniquifying output} \entry{-k}{33}{\code {-k}} \entry{--key}{33}{\code {--key}} \entry{sort field}{33}{sort field} \entry{-z}{33}{\code {-z}} \entry{--zero-terminated}{33}{\code {--zero-terminated}} \entry{sort zero-terminated lines}{33}{sort zero-terminated lines} \entry{uniq}{35}{\code {uniq}} \entry{uniquify files}{35}{uniquify files} \entry{LC_COLLATE}{35}{\code {LC_COLLATE}} \entry{-f}{35}{\code {-f}} \entry{--skip-fields}{35}{\code {--skip-fields}} \entry{-s}{35}{\code {-s}} \entry{--skip-chars}{35}{\code {--skip-chars}} \entry{-c}{35}{\code {-c}} \entry{--count}{35}{\code {--count}} \entry{-i}{35}{\code {-i}} \entry{--ignore-case}{35}{\code {--ignore-case}} \entry{-d}{35}{\code {-d}} \entry{--repeated}{35}{\code {--repeated}} \entry{duplicate lines, outputting}{35}{duplicate lines, outputting} \entry{-D}{36}{\code {-D}} \entry{--all-repeated}{36}{\code {--all-repeated}} \entry{all duplicate lines, outputting}{36}{all duplicate lines, outputting} \entry{-u}{36}{\code {-u}} \entry{--unique}{36}{\code {--unique}} \entry{unique lines, outputting}{36}{unique lines, outputting} \entry{-w}{36}{\code {-w}} \entry{--check-chars}{36}{\code {--check-chars}} \entry{comm}{36}{\code {comm}} \entry{line-by-line comparison}{36}{line-by-line comparison} \entry{comparing sorted files}{36}{comparing sorted files} \entry{LC_COLLATE}{36}{\code {LC_COLLATE}} \entry{differing lines}{36}{differing lines} \entry{common lines}{36}{common lines} \entry{-1}{36}{\code {-1}} \entry{-2}{36}{\code {-2}} \entry{-3}{36}{\code {-3}} \entry{tsort}{37}{\code {tsort}} \entry{topological sort}{37}{topological sort} \entry{ptx}{39}{\code {ptx}} \entry{cut}{46}{\code {cut}} \entry{-b}{46}{\code {-b}} \entry{--bytes}{46}{\code {--bytes}} \entry{-c}{46}{\code {-c}} \entry{--characters}{46}{\code {--characters}} \entry{-f}{46}{\code {-f}} \entry{--fields}{46}{\code {--fields}} \entry{-d}{46}{\code {-d}} \entry{--delimiter}{46}{\code {--delimiter}} \entry{-n}{46}{\code {-n}} \entry{-s}{46}{\code {-s}} \entry{--only-delimited}{46}{\code {--only-delimited}} \entry{--output-delimiter}{46}{\code {--output-delimiter}} \entry{paste}{47}{\code {paste}} \entry{merging files}{47}{merging files} \entry{-s}{47}{\code {-s}} \entry{--serial}{47}{\code {--serial}} \entry{-d}{47}{\code {-d}} \entry{--delimiters}{47}{\code {--delimiters}} \entry{join}{47}{\code {join}} \entry{common field, joining on}{47}{common field, joining on} \entry{LC_COLLATE}{47}{\code {LC_COLLATE}} \entry{-a}{48}{\code {-a}} \entry{-e}{48}{\code {-e}} \entry{-i}{48}{\code {-i}} \entry{--ignore-case}{48}{\code {--ignore-case}} \entry{-1}{48}{\code {-1}} \entry{-j1}{48}{\code {-j1}} \entry{-2}{48}{\code {-2}} \entry{-j2}{48}{\code {-j2}} \entry{operating on characters}{50}{operating on characters} \entry{tr}{50}{\code {tr}} \entry{specifying sets of characters}{50}{specifying sets of characters} \entry{backslash escapes}{50}{backslash escapes} \entry{ranges}{50}{ranges} \entry{repeated characters}{51}{repeated characters} \entry{character classes}{51}{character classes} \entry{alnum}{51}{\code {alnum}} \entry{alpha}{51}{\code {alpha}} \entry{blank}{51}{\code {blank}} \entry{cntrl}{51}{\code {cntrl}} \entry{digit}{51}{\code {digit}} \entry{graph}{51}{\code {graph}} \entry{lower}{51}{\code {lower}} \entry{print}{51}{\code {print}} \entry{punct}{51}{\code {punct}} \entry{space}{51}{\code {space}} \entry{upper}{51}{\code {upper}} \entry{xdigit}{51}{\code {xdigit}} \entry{equivalence classes}{51}{equivalence classes} \entry{translating characters}{52}{translating characters} \entry{squeezing repeat characters}{52}{squeezing repeat characters} \entry{deleting characters}{52}{deleting characters} \entry{POSIXLY_CORRECT}{54}{\code {POSIXLY_CORRECT}} \entry{expand}{54}{\code {expand}} \entry{tabs to spaces, converting}{54}{tabs to spaces, converting} \entry{converting tabs to spaces}{54}{converting tabs to spaces} \entry{-t}{54}{\code {-t}} \entry{--tabs}{54}{\code {--tabs}} \entry{tabstops, setting}{54}{tabstops, setting} \entry{-i}{54}{\code {-i}} \entry{--initial}{54}{\code {--initial}} \entry{initial tabs, converting}{54}{initial tabs, converting} \entry{unexpand}{55}{\code {unexpand}} \entry{-t}{55}{\code {-t}} \entry{--tabs}{55}{\code {--tabs}} \entry{-a}{55}{\code {-a}} \entry{--all}{55}{\code {--all}} \entry{ls}{56}{\code {ls}} \entry{directory listing}{56}{directory listing} \entry{LC_ALL}{56}{\code {LC_ALL}} \entry{-a}{56}{\code {-a}} \entry{--all}{56}{\code {--all}} \entry{-A}{56}{\code {-A}} \entry{--almost-all}{56}{\code {--almost-all}} \entry{-B}{56}{\code {-B}} \entry{--ignore-backups}{56}{\code {--ignore-backups}} \entry{backup files, ignoring}{56}{backup files, ignoring} \entry{-d}{56}{\code {-d}} \entry{--directory}{56}{\code {--directory}} \entry{-H}{57}{\code {-H}} \entry{--dereference-command-line}{57}{\code {--dereference-command-line}} \entry{symbolic links, dereferencing}{57}{symbolic links, dereferencing} \entry{-I}{57}{\code {-I}} \entry{--ignore=pattern}{57}{\code {--ignore=\var {pattern}}} \entry{-L}{57}{\code {-L}} \entry{--dereference}{57}{\code {--dereference}} \entry{symbolic links, dereferencing}{57}{symbolic links, dereferencing} \entry{-R}{57}{\code {-R}} \entry{--recursive}{57}{\code {--recursive}} \entry{recursive directory listing}{57}{recursive directory listing} \entry{directory listing, recursive}{57}{directory listing, recursive} \entry{--author}{57}{\code {--author}} \entry{hurd, author, printing}{57}{hurd, author, printing} \entry{-D}{57}{\code {-D}} \entry{--dired}{57}{\code {--dired}} \entry{dired Emacs mode support}{57}{dired Emacs mode support} \entry{--full-time}{59}{\code {--full-time}} \entry{-g}{59}{\code {-g}} \entry{-G}{59}{\code {-G}} \entry{--no-group}{59}{\code {--no-group}} \entry{-h}{59}{\code {-h}} \entry{--human-readable}{59}{\code {--human-readable}} \entry{human-readable output}{59}{human-readable output} \entry{-i}{59}{\code {-i}} \entry{--inode}{59}{\code {--inode}} \entry{inode number, printing}{59}{inode number, printing} \entry{-l}{59}{\code {-l}} \entry{--format}{59}{\code {--format}} \entry{long ls format}{59}{\code {long ls \r {format}}} \entry{verbose ls format}{59}{\code {verbose ls \r {format}}} \entry{permissions, output by ls}{59}{permissions, output by \command {ls}} \entry{-n}{60}{\code {-n}} \entry{--numeric-uid-gid}{60}{\code {--numeric-uid-gid}} \entry{numeric uid and gid}{60}{numeric uid and gid} \entry{-o}{60}{\code {-o}} \entry{-s}{60}{\code {-s}} \entry{--size}{60}{\code {--size}} \entry{disk allocation}{60}{disk allocation} \entry{size of files, reporting}{60}{size of files, reporting} \entry{NFS mounts from BSD to HP-UX}{60}{NFS mounts from BSD to HP-UX} \entry{--si}{60}{\code {--si}} \entry{SI output}{60}{SI output} \entry{sorting ls output}{60}{sorting \command {ls} output} \entry{-c}{61}{\code {-c}} \entry{--time}{61}{\code {--time}} \entry{ctime, printing or sorting by}{61}{\code {ctime\r {, printing or sorting by}}} \entry{status time, printing or sorting by}{61}{\code {status time\r {, printing or sorting by}}} \entry{use time, printing or sorting files by}{61}{\code {use time\r {, printing or sorting files by}}} \entry{-f}{61}{\code {-f}} \entry{unsorted directory listing}{61}{unsorted directory listing} \entry{directory order, listing by}{61}{directory order, listing by} \entry{-r}{61}{\code {-r}} \entry{--reverse}{61}{\code {--reverse}} \entry{reverse sorting}{61}{reverse sorting} \entry{-S}{61}{\code {-S}} \entry{--sort}{61}{\code {--sort}} \entry{size of files, sorting files by}{61}{\code {size of files\r {, sorting files by}}} \entry{-t}{61}{\code {-t}} \entry{--sort}{61}{\code {--sort}} \entry{modification time, sorting files by}{61}{\code {modification time\r {, sorting files by}}} \entry{-u}{61}{\code {-u}} \entry{--time}{61}{\code {--time}} \entry{use time, printing or sorting files by}{61}{\code {use time\r {, printing or sorting files by}}} \entry{atime, printing or sorting files by}{61}{\code {atime\r {, printing or sorting files by}}} \entry{access time, printing or sorting files by}{61}{\code {access time\r {, printing or sorting files by}}} \entry{-U}{61}{\code {-U}} \entry{--sort}{61}{\code {--sort}} \entry{none, sorting option for ls}{61}{\code {none\r {, sorting option for \command {ls}}}} \entry{-v}{61}{\code {-v}} \entry{--sort}{61}{\code {--sort}} \entry{version, sorting option for ls}{61}{\code {version\r {, sorting option for \command {ls}}}} \entry{-X}{61}{\code {-X}} \entry{--sort}{61}{\code {--sort}} \entry{extension, sorting files by}{61}{\code {extension\r {, sorting files by}}} \entry{-1}{62}{\code {-1}} \entry{--format}{62}{\code {--format}} \entry{single-column output of files}{62}{\code {single-column \r {output of files}}} \entry{-C}{62}{\code {-C}} \entry{--format}{62}{\code {--format}} \entry{vertical sorted files in columns}{62}{\code {vertical \r {sorted files in columns}}} \entry{--color}{62}{\code {--color}} \entry{color, distinguishing file types with}{62}{color, distinguishing file types with} \entry{none color option}{62}{\code {none \r {color option}}} \entry{auto color option}{62}{\code {auto \r {color option}}} \entry{terminal, using color iff}{62}{terminal, using color iff} \entry{always color option}{62}{\code {always \r {color option}}} \entry{-F}{63}{\code {-F}} \entry{--classify}{63}{\code {--classify}} \entry{--indicator-style}{63}{\code {--indicator-style}} \entry{file type and executables, marking}{63}{file type and executables, marking} \entry{executables and file type, marking}{63}{executables and file type, marking} \entry{--indicator-style}{63}{\code {--indicator-style}} \entry{-k}{63}{\code {-k}} \entry{-m}{63}{\code {-m}} \entry{--format}{63}{\code {--format}} \entry{commas, outputting between files}{63}{\code {commas\r {, outputting between files}}} \entry{--file-type}{63}{\code {--file-type}} \entry{--indicator-style}{63}{\code {--indicator-style}} \entry{file type, marking}{63}{file type, marking} \entry{-x}{63}{\code {-x}} \entry{--format}{63}{\code {--format}} \entry{across, listing files}{63}{\code {across\r {, listing files}}} \entry{horizontal, listing files}{63}{\code {horizontal\r {, listing files}}} \entry{-T}{63}{\code {-T}} \entry{--tabsize}{63}{\code {--tabsize}} \entry{-w}{64}{\code {-w}} \entry{--width}{64}{\code {--width}} \entry{COLUMNS}{64}{\code {COLUMNS}} \entry{--time-style}{64}{\code {--time-style}} \entry{time style}{64}{time style} \entry{LC_TIME}{64}{\code {LC_TIME}} \entry{LC_TIME}{65}{\code {LC_TIME}} \entry{LC_TIME}{65}{\code {LC_TIME}} \entry{TIME_STYLE}{65}{\code {TIME_STYLE}} \entry{-b}{66}{\code {-b}} \entry{--escape}{66}{\code {--escape}} \entry{--quoting-style}{66}{\code {--quoting-style}} \entry{backslash sequences for file names}{66}{backslash sequences for file names} \entry{-N}{66}{\code {-N}} \entry{--literal}{66}{\code {--literal}} \entry{--quoting-style}{66}{\code {--quoting-style}} \entry{-q}{66}{\code {-q}} \entry{--hide-control-chars}{66}{\code {--hide-control-chars}} \entry{-Q}{66}{\code {-Q}} \entry{--quote-name}{66}{\code {--quote-name}} \entry{--quoting-style}{66}{\code {--quoting-style}} \entry{--quoting-style}{66}{\code {--quoting-style}} \entry{quoting style}{66}{quoting style} \entry{--show-control-chars}{66}{\code {--show-control-chars}} \entry{dir}{67}{\code {dir}} \entry{directory listing, brief}{67}{directory listing, brief} \entry{vdir}{67}{\code {vdir}} \entry{directory listing, verbose}{67}{directory listing, verbose} \entry{dircolors}{67}{\code {dircolors}} \entry{color setup}{67}{color setup} \entry{setup for color}{67}{setup for color} \entry{LS_COLORS}{67}{\code {LS_COLORS}} \entry{SHELL environment variable, and color}{67}{\code {SHELL \r {environment variable, and color}}} \entry{-b}{67}{\code {-b}} \entry{--sh}{67}{\code {--sh}} \entry{--bourne-shell}{67}{\code {--bourne-shell}} \entry{Bourne shell syntax for color setup}{67}{Bourne shell syntax for color setup} \entry{sh syntax for color setup}{67}{\code {sh} syntax for color setup} \entry{-c}{67}{\code {-c}} \entry{--csh}{67}{\code {--csh}} \entry{--c-shell}{67}{\code {--c-shell}} \entry{C shell syntax for color setup}{67}{C shell syntax for color setup} \entry{csh syntax for color setup}{67}{\code {csh} syntax for color setup} \entry{-p}{67}{\code {-p}} \entry{--print-database}{67}{\code {--print-database}} \entry{color database, printing}{67}{color database, printing} \entry{database for color setup, printing}{67}{database for color setup, printing} \entry{printing color database}{67}{printing color database} \entry{manipulating files}{68}{manipulating files} \entry{cp}{68}{\code {cp}} \entry{copying files and directories}{68}{copying files and directories} \entry{files, copying}{68}{files, copying} \entry{directories, copying}{68}{directories, copying} \entry{self-backups}{68}{self-backups} \entry{backups, making only}{68}{backups, making only} \entry{-a}{68}{\code {-a}} \entry{--archive}{68}{\code {--archive}} \entry{-b}{68}{\code {-b}} \entry{--backup}{68}{\code {--backup}} \entry{VERSION_CONTROL}{68}{\code {VERSION_CONTROL}} \entry{backups, making}{68}{backups, making} \entry{directories, copying recursively}{69}{directories, copying recursively} \entry{copying directories recursively}{69}{copying directories recursively} \entry{recursively copying directories}{69}{recursively copying directories} \entry{non-directories, copying as special files}{69}{non-directories, copying as special files} \entry{-d}{69}{\code {-d}} \entry{symbolic links, copying}{69}{symbolic links, copying} \entry{hard links, preserving}{69}{hard links, preserving} \entry{-f}{69}{\code {-f}} \entry{--force}{69}{\code {--force}} \entry{-H}{69}{\code {-H}} \entry{-i}{69}{\code {-i}} \entry{--interactive}{69}{\code {--interactive}} \entry{-l}{69}{\code {-l}} \entry{--link}{69}{\code {--link}} \entry{-L}{69}{\code {-L}} \entry{--dereference}{69}{\code {--dereference}} \entry{-P}{69}{\code {-P}} \entry{--no-dereference}{69}{\code {--no-dereference}} \entry{symbolic links, copying}{69}{symbolic links, copying} \entry{-p}{70}{\code {-p}} \entry{--preserve}{70}{\code {--preserve}} \entry{file information, preserving}{70}{file information, preserving} \entry{file information, preserving}{70}{file information, preserving} \entry{--parents}{70}{\code {--parents}} \entry{parent directories and cp}{70}{parent directories and \command {cp}} \entry{--reply}{70}{\code {--reply}} \entry{interactivity}{70}{interactivity} \entry{-R}{70}{\code {-R}} \entry{-r}{70}{\code {-r}} \entry{--recursive}{70}{\code {--recursive}} \entry{directories, copying recursively}{70}{directories, copying recursively} \entry{copying directories recursively}{70}{copying directories recursively} \entry{recursively copying directories}{70}{recursively copying directories} \entry{non-directories, copying as special files}{70}{non-directories, copying as special files} \entry{--remove-destination}{71}{\code {--remove-destination}} \entry{--sparse=when}{71}{\code {--sparse=\var {when}}} \entry{sparse files, copying}{71}{sparse files, copying} \entry{holes, copying files with}{71}{holes, copying files with} \entry{read system call, and holes}{71}{\code {read \r {system call, and holes}}} \entry{--strip-trailing-slashes}{71}{\code {--strip-trailing-slashes}} \entry{stripping trailing slashes}{71}{stripping trailing slashes} \entry{-s}{71}{\code {-s}} \entry{--symbolic-link}{71}{\code {--symbolic-link}} \entry{symbolic links, copying with}{71}{symbolic links, copying with} \entry{-S}{71}{\code {-S}} \entry{--suffix}{71}{\code {--suffix}} \entry{--target-directory}{71}{\code {--target-directory}} \entry{target directory}{71}{target directory} \entry{destination directory}{71}{destination directory} \entry{-v}{71}{\code {-v}} \entry{--verbose}{71}{\code {--verbose}} \entry{-V}{72}{\code {-V}} \entry{--version-control}{72}{\code {--version-control}} \entry{-x}{72}{\code {-x}} \entry{--one-file-system}{72}{\code {--one-file-system}} \entry{filesystems, omitting copying to different}{72}{filesystems, omitting copying to different} \entry{dd}{72}{\code {dd}} \entry{converting while copying a file}{72}{converting while copying a file} \entry{multipliers after numbers}{72}{multipliers after numbers} \entry{if}{72}{\code {if}} \entry{of}{72}{\code {of}} \entry{ibs}{72}{\code {ibs}} \entry{block size of input}{72}{block size of input} \entry{input block size}{72}{input block size} \entry{obs}{72}{\code {obs}} \entry{block size of output}{72}{block size of output} \entry{output block size}{72}{output block size} \entry{bs}{72}{\code {bs}} \entry{block size}{72}{block size} \entry{cbs}{72}{\code {cbs}} \entry{block size of conversion}{72}{block size of conversion} \entry{conversion block size}{72}{conversion block size} \entry{skip}{73}{\code {skip}} \entry{seek}{73}{\code {seek}} \entry{count}{73}{\code {count}} \entry{conv}{73}{\code {conv}} \entry{ascii, converting to}{73}{\code {ascii\r {, converting to}}} \entry{ebcdic, converting to}{73}{\code {ebcdic\r {, converting to}}} \entry{alternate ebcdic, converting to}{73}{\code {alternate ebcdic\r {, converting to}}} \entry{block (space-padding)}{73}{\code {block \r {(space-padding)}}} \entry{unblock}{73}{\code {unblock}} \entry{lcase, converting to}{73}{\code {lcase\r {, converting to}}} \entry{ucase, converting to}{73}{\code {ucase\r {, converting to}}} \entry{swab (byte-swapping)}{73}{\code {swab \r {(byte-swapping)}}} \entry{byte-swapping}{73}{byte-swapping} \entry{noerror}{73}{\code {noerror}} \entry{read errors, ignoring}{73}{read errors, ignoring} \entry{notrunc}{73}{\code {notrunc}} \entry{truncating output file, avoiding}{73}{truncating output file, avoiding} \entry{sync (padding with nulls)}{73}{\code {sync \r {(padding with nulls)}}} \entry{install}{73}{\code {install}} \entry{copying files and setting attributes}{73}{copying files and setting attributes} \entry{Makefiles, installing programs in}{73}{Makefiles, installing programs in} \entry{-b}{74}{\code {-b}} \entry{--backup}{74}{\code {--backup}} \entry{VERSION_CONTROL}{74}{\code {VERSION_CONTROL}} \entry{backups, making}{74}{backups, making} \entry{-c}{74}{\code {-c}} \entry{-d}{74}{\code {-d}} \entry{--directory}{74}{\code {--directory}} \entry{directories, creating with given attributes}{74}{directories, creating with given attributes} \entry{parent directories, creating missing}{74}{parent directories, creating missing} \entry{leading directories, creating missing}{74}{leading directories, creating missing} \entry{-g}{74}{\code {-g}} \entry{--group}{74}{\code {--group}} \entry{group ownership of installed files, setting}{74}{group ownership of installed files, setting} \entry{-m}{74}{\code {-m}} \entry{--mode}{74}{\code {--mode}} \entry{permissions of installed files, setting}{74}{permissions of installed files, setting} \entry{-o}{74}{\code {-o}} \entry{--owner}{74}{\code {--owner}} \entry{ownership of installed files, setting}{74}{ownership of installed files, setting} \entry{appropriate privileges}{74}{appropriate privileges} \entry{root as default owner}{74}{\code {root \r {as default owner}}} \entry{-p}{74}{\code {-p}} \entry{--preserve-timestamps}{74}{\code {--preserve-timestamps}} \entry{timestamps of installed files, preserving}{74}{timestamps of installed files, preserving} \entry{-s}{74}{\code {-s}} \entry{--strip}{74}{\code {--strip}} \entry{symbol table information, stripping}{74}{symbol table information, stripping} \entry{stripping symbol table information}{74}{stripping symbol table information} \entry{-S}{75}{\code {-S}} \entry{--suffix}{75}{\code {--suffix}} \entry{--target-directory}{75}{\code {--target-directory}} \entry{target directory}{75}{target directory} \entry{destination directory}{75}{destination directory} \entry{-v}{75}{\code {-v}} \entry{--verbose}{75}{\code {--verbose}} \entry{-V}{75}{\code {-V}} \entry{--version-control}{75}{\code {--version-control}} \entry{mv}{75}{\code {mv}} \entry{prompting, and mv}{75}{prompting, and \command {mv}} \entry{-b}{76}{\code {-b}} \entry{--backup}{76}{\code {--backup}} \entry{VERSION_CONTROL}{76}{\code {VERSION_CONTROL}} \entry{backups, making}{76}{backups, making} \entry{-f}{76}{\code {-f}} \entry{--force}{76}{\code {--force}} \entry{prompts, omitting}{76}{prompts, omitting} \entry{-i}{76}{\code {-i}} \entry{--interactive}{76}{\code {--interactive}} \entry{prompts, forcing}{76}{prompts, forcing} \entry{--reply}{76}{\code {--reply}} \entry{interactivity}{76}{interactivity} \entry{-u}{76}{\code {-u}} \entry{--update}{76}{\code {--update}} \entry{newer files, moving only}{76}{newer files, moving only} \entry{-v}{76}{\code {-v}} \entry{--verbose}{76}{\code {--verbose}} \entry{--strip-trailing-slashes}{76}{\code {--strip-trailing-slashes}} \entry{stripping trailing slashes}{76}{stripping trailing slashes} \entry{-S}{76}{\code {-S}} \entry{--suffix}{76}{\code {--suffix}} \entry{--target-directory}{76}{\code {--target-directory}} \entry{target directory}{76}{target directory} \entry{destination directory}{76}{destination directory} \entry{-V}{76}{\code {-V}} \entry{--version-control}{76}{\code {--version-control}} \entry{rm}{76}{\code {rm}} \entry{removing files or directories}{76}{removing files or directories} \entry{prompting, and rm}{76}{prompting, and \command {rm}} \entry{-d}{77}{\code {-d}} \entry{--directory}{77}{\code {--directory}} \entry{directories, removing with unlink}{77}{directories, removing with \code {unlink}} \entry{unlink}{77}{\code {unlink}} \entry{fsck}{77}{\code {fsck}} \entry{-f}{77}{\code {-f}} \entry{--force}{77}{\code {--force}} \entry{-i}{77}{\code {-i}} \entry{--interactive}{77}{\code {--interactive}} \entry{-r}{77}{\code {-r}} \entry{-R}{77}{\code {-R}} \entry{--recursive}{77}{\code {--recursive}} \entry{directories, removing (recursively)}{77}{directories, removing (recursively)} \entry{-v}{77}{\code {-v}} \entry{--verbose}{77}{\code {--verbose}} \entry{files beginning with -, removing}{77}{files beginning with \samp {-}, removing} \entry{-, removing files beginning with}{77}{\samp {-}, removing files beginning with} \entry{- and Unix rm}{77}{\code {- \r {and Unix \command {rm}}}} \entry{shred}{77}{\code {shred}} \entry{data, erasing}{77}{data, erasing} \entry{erasing data}{77}{erasing data} \entry{-f}{79}{\code {-f}} \entry{--force}{79}{\code {--force}} \entry{force deletion}{79}{force deletion} \entry{-n NUMBER}{79}{\code {-n \var {NUMBER}}} \entry{--iterations=NUMBER}{79}{\code {--iterations=\var {NUMBER}}} \entry{iterations, selecting the number of}{79}{iterations, selecting the number of} \entry{-s BYTES}{79}{\code {-s \var {BYTES}}} \entry{--size=BYTES}{79}{\code {--size=\var {BYTES}}} \entry{size of file to shred}{79}{size of file to shred} \entry{-u}{79}{\code {-u}} \entry{--remove}{79}{\code {--remove}} \entry{removing files after shredding}{79}{removing files after shredding} \entry{-v}{79}{\code {-v}} \entry{--verbose}{79}{\code {--verbose}} \entry{-x}{79}{\code {-x}} \entry{--exact}{79}{\code {--exact}} \entry{-z}{79}{\code {-z}} \entry{--zero}{79}{\code {--zero}} \entry{-}{79}{\code {-}} \entry{special file types}{81}{special file types} \entry{file types, special}{81}{file types, special} \entry{special file types}{81}{special file types} \entry{file types}{81}{file types} \entry{link}{81}{\code {link}} \entry{links, creating}{81}{links, creating} \entry{hard links, creating}{81}{hard links, creating} \entry{creating links (hard only)}{81}{creating links (hard only)} \entry{ln}{81}{\code {ln}} \entry{links, creating}{81}{links, creating} \entry{hard links, creating}{81}{hard links, creating} \entry{symbolic (soft) links, creating}{81}{symbolic (soft) links, creating} \entry{creating links (hard or soft)}{81}{creating links (hard or soft)} \entry{filesystems and hard links}{81}{filesystems and hard links} \entry{hard link, defined}{81}{hard link, defined} \entry{inode, and hard links}{81}{inode, and hard links} \entry{dereferencing symbolic links}{81}{dereferencing symbolic links} \entry{symbolic link, defined}{81}{symbolic link, defined} \entry{-b}{82}{\code {-b}} \entry{--backup}{82}{\code {--backup}} \entry{VERSION_CONTROL}{82}{\code {VERSION_CONTROL}} \entry{backups, making}{82}{backups, making} \entry{-d}{82}{\code {-d}} \entry{-F}{82}{\code {-F}} \entry{--directory}{82}{\code {--directory}} \entry{hard links to directories}{82}{hard links to directories} \entry{-f}{82}{\code {-f}} \entry{--force}{82}{\code {--force}} \entry{-i}{82}{\code {-i}} \entry{--interactive}{82}{\code {--interactive}} \entry{prompting, and ln}{82}{prompting, and \command {ln}} \entry{-n}{82}{\code {-n}} \entry{--no-dereference}{82}{\code {--no-dereference}} \entry{-s}{82}{\code {-s}} \entry{--symbolic}{82}{\code {--symbolic}} \entry{-S}{82}{\code {-S}} \entry{--suffix}{82}{\code {--suffix}} \entry{--target-directory}{82}{\code {--target-directory}} \entry{target directory}{82}{target directory} \entry{destination directory}{82}{destination directory} \entry{-v}{83}{\code {-v}} \entry{--verbose}{83}{\code {--verbose}} \entry{-V}{83}{\code {-V}} \entry{--version-control}{83}{\code {--version-control}} \entry{mkdir}{83}{\code {mkdir}} \entry{directories, creating}{83}{directories, creating} \entry{creating directories}{83}{creating directories} \entry{-m}{83}{\code {-m}} \entry{--mode}{83}{\code {--mode}} \entry{modes of created directories, setting}{83}{modes of created directories, setting} \entry{-p}{83}{\code {-p}} \entry{--parents}{83}{\code {--parents}} \entry{parent directories, creating}{83}{parent directories, creating} \entry{-v}{83}{\code {-v}} \entry{--verbose}{83}{\code {--verbose}} \entry{mkfifo}{84}{\code {mkfifo}} \entry{FIFOs, creating}{84}{FIFOs, creating} \entry{named pipes, creating}{84}{named pipes, creating} \entry{creating FIFOs (named pipes)}{84}{creating FIFOs (named pipes)} \entry{-m}{84}{\code {-m}} \entry{--mode}{84}{\code {--mode}} \entry{modes of created FIFOs, setting}{84}{modes of created FIFOs, setting} \entry{mknod}{84}{\code {mknod}} \entry{block special files, creating}{84}{block special files, creating} \entry{character special files, creating}{84}{character special files, creating} \entry{special files}{84}{special files} \entry{block special files}{84}{block special files} \entry{character special files}{84}{character special files} \entry{p for FIFO file}{84}{\code {p \r {for FIFO file}}} \entry{b for block special file}{84}{\code {b \r {for block special file}}} \entry{c for character special file}{84}{\code {c \r {for character special file}}} \entry{-m}{84}{\code {-m}} \entry{--mode}{84}{\code {--mode}} \entry{rmdir}{85}{\code {rmdir}} \entry{removing empty directories}{85}{removing empty directories} \entry{directories, removing empty}{85}{directories, removing empty} \entry{--ignore-fail-on-non-empty}{85}{\code {--ignore-fail-on-non-empty}} \entry{directory deletion, ignoring failures}{85}{directory deletion, ignoring failures} \entry{-p}{85}{\code {-p}} \entry{--parents}{85}{\code {--parents}} \entry{parent directories, removing}{85}{parent directories, removing} \entry{-v}{85}{\code {-v}} \entry{--verbose}{85}{\code {--verbose}} \entry{directory deletion, reporting}{85}{directory deletion, reporting} \entry{unlink}{85}{\code {unlink}} \entry{removing files or directories (via the unlink syscall)}{85}{removing files or directories (via the unlink syscall)} \entry{changing file attributes}{86}{changing file attributes} \entry{file attributes, changing}{86}{file attributes, changing} \entry{attributes, file}{86}{attributes, file} \entry{chown}{86}{\code {chown}} \entry{file ownership, changing}{86}{file ownership, changing} \entry{group ownership, changing}{86}{group ownership, changing} \entry{changing file ownership}{86}{changing file ownership} \entry{changing group ownership}{86}{changing group ownership} \entry{-c}{86}{\code {-c}} \entry{--changes}{86}{\code {--changes}} \entry{changed owners, verbosely describing}{86}{changed owners, verbosely describing} \entry{-f}{86}{\code {-f}} \entry{--silent}{86}{\code {--silent}} \entry{--quiet}{86}{\code {--quiet}} \entry{error messages, omitting}{86}{error messages, omitting} \entry{--from}{86}{\code {--from}} \entry{symbolic links, changing owner}{86}{symbolic links, changing owner} \entry{--dereference}{87}{\code {--dereference}} \entry{symbolic links, changing owner}{87}{symbolic links, changing owner} \entry{lchown}{87}{\code {lchown}} \entry{-h}{87}{\code {-h}} \entry{--no-dereference}{87}{\code {--no-dereference}} \entry{symbolic links, changing owner}{87}{symbolic links, changing owner} \entry{lchown}{87}{\code {lchown}} \entry{--reference}{87}{\code {--reference}} \entry{-v}{87}{\code {-v}} \entry{--verbose}{87}{\code {--verbose}} \entry{-R}{87}{\code {-R}} \entry{--recursive}{87}{\code {--recursive}} \entry{recursively changing file ownership}{87}{recursively changing file ownership} \entry{chgrp}{87}{\code {chgrp}} \entry{group ownership, changing}{87}{group ownership, changing} \entry{changing group ownership}{87}{changing group ownership} \entry{-c}{88}{\code {-c}} \entry{--changes}{88}{\code {--changes}} \entry{changed files, verbosely describing}{88}{changed files, verbosely describing} \entry{-f}{88}{\code {-f}} \entry{--silent}{88}{\code {--silent}} \entry{--quiet}{88}{\code {--quiet}} \entry{error messages, omitting}{88}{error messages, omitting} \entry{--dereference}{88}{\code {--dereference}} \entry{symbolic links, changing owner}{88}{symbolic links, changing owner} \entry{lchown}{88}{\code {lchown}} \entry{-h}{88}{\code {-h}} \entry{--no-dereference}{88}{\code {--no-dereference}} \entry{symbolic links, changing group}{88}{symbolic links, changing group} \entry{lchown}{88}{\code {lchown}} \entry{--reference}{88}{\code {--reference}} \entry{-v}{88}{\code {-v}} \entry{--verbose}{88}{\code {--verbose}} \entry{-R}{88}{\code {-R}} \entry{--recursive}{88}{\code {--recursive}} \entry{recursively changing group ownership}{88}{recursively changing group ownership} \entry{chmod}{88}{\code {chmod}} \entry{changing access permissions}{88}{changing access permissions} \entry{access permissions, changing}{88}{access permissions, changing} \entry{permissions, changing access}{88}{permissions, changing access} \entry{symbolic links, permissions of}{88}{symbolic links, permissions of} \entry{-c}{89}{\code {-c}} \entry{--changes}{89}{\code {--changes}} \entry{-f}{89}{\code {-f}} \entry{--silent}{89}{\code {--silent}} \entry{--quiet}{89}{\code {--quiet}} \entry{error messages, omitting}{89}{error messages, omitting} \entry{-v}{89}{\code {-v}} \entry{--verbose}{89}{\code {--verbose}} \entry{--reference}{89}{\code {--reference}} \entry{-R}{89}{\code {-R}} \entry{--recursive}{89}{\code {--recursive}} \entry{recursively changing access permissions}{89}{recursively changing access permissions} \entry{touch}{89}{\code {touch}} \entry{changing file timestamps}{89}{changing file timestamps} \entry{file timestamps, changing}{89}{file timestamps, changing} \entry{timestamps, changing file}{89}{timestamps, changing file} \entry{empty files, creating}{89}{empty files, creating} \entry{permissions, for changing file timestamps}{89}{permissions, for changing file timestamps} \entry{-a}{90}{\code {-a}} \entry{--time}{90}{\code {--time}} \entry{atime, changing}{90}{\code {atime\r {, changing}}} \entry{access time, changing}{90}{\code {access \r {time, changing}}} \entry{use time, changing}{90}{\code {use \r {time, changing}}} \entry{-c}{90}{\code {-c}} \entry{--no-create}{90}{\code {--no-create}} \entry{-d}{90}{\code {-d}} \entry{--date}{90}{\code {--date}} \entry{time}{90}{\code {time}} \entry{-f}{90}{\code {-f}} \entry{BSD touch compatibility}{90}{BSD \command {touch} compatibility} \entry{-m}{90}{\code {-m}} \entry{--time}{90}{\code {--time}} \entry{mtime, changing}{90}{\code {mtime\r {, changing}}} \entry{modify time, changing}{90}{\code {modify \r {time, changing}}} \entry{-r}{90}{\code {-r}} \entry{--reference}{90}{\code {--reference}} \entry{disk usage}{91}{disk usage} \entry{df}{91}{\code {df}} \entry{filesystem disk usage}{91}{filesystem disk usage} \entry{disk usage by filesystem}{91}{disk usage by filesystem} \entry{disk device file}{91}{disk device file} \entry{device file, disk}{91}{device file, disk} \entry{-a}{91}{\code {-a}} \entry{--all}{91}{\code {--all}} \entry{automounter filesystems}{91}{automounter filesystems} \entry{ignore filesystems}{91}{ignore filesystems} \entry{-B}{91}{\code {-B}} \entry{--block-size}{91}{\code {--block-size}} \entry{filesystem sizes}{91}{filesystem sizes} \entry{-h}{91}{\code {-h}} \entry{--human-readable}{91}{\code {--human-readable}} \entry{human-readable output}{91}{human-readable output} \entry{-H}{91}{\code {-H}} \entry{--si}{91}{\code {--si}} \entry{SI output}{91}{SI output} \entry{-i}{92}{\code {-i}} \entry{--inodes}{92}{\code {--inodes}} \entry{inode usage}{92}{inode usage} \entry{-k}{92}{\code {-k}} \entry{kibibytes for filesystem sizes}{92}{kibibytes for filesystem sizes} \entry{-l}{92}{\code {-l}} \entry{--local}{92}{\code {--local}} \entry{filesystem types, limiting output to certain}{92}{filesystem types, limiting output to certain} \entry{--no-sync}{92}{\code {--no-sync}} \entry{filesystem space, retrieving old data more quickly}{92}{filesystem space, retrieving old data more quickly} \entry{-P}{92}{\code {-P}} \entry{--portability}{92}{\code {--portability}} \entry{one-line output format}{92}{one-line output format} \entry{POSIX output format}{92}{\acronym {POSIX} output format} \entry{portable output format}{92}{portable output format} \entry{output format, portable}{92}{output format, portable} \entry{--sync}{92}{\code {--sync}} \entry{filesystem space, retrieving current data more slowly}{92}{filesystem space, retrieving current data more slowly} \entry{-t}{92}{\code {-t}} \entry{--type}{92}{\code {--type}} \entry{filesystem types, limiting output to certain}{92}{filesystem types, limiting output to certain} \entry{-T}{92}{\code {-T}} \entry{--print-type}{92}{\code {--print-type}} \entry{filesystem types, printing}{92}{filesystem types, printing} \entry{NFS filesystem type}{92}{NFS filesystem type} \entry{Linux filesystem types}{93}{Linux filesystem types} \entry{local filesystem types}{93}{local filesystem types} \entry{4.2 filesystem type}{93}{\code {4.2 \r {filesystem type}}} \entry{ufs filesystem type}{93}{\code {ufs \r {filesystem type}}} \entry{efs filesystem type}{93}{\code {efs \r {filesystem type}}} \entry{CD-ROM filesystem type}{93}{CD-ROM filesystem type} \entry{High Sierra filesystem}{93}{High Sierra filesystem} \entry{hsfs filesystem type}{93}{\code {hsfs \r {filesystem type}}} \entry{cdfs filesystem type}{93}{\code {cdfs \r {filesystem type}}} \entry{PC filesystem}{93}{PC filesystem} \entry{DOS filesystem}{93}{DOS filesystem} \entry{MS-DOS filesystem}{93}{MS-DOS filesystem} \entry{diskette filesystem}{93}{diskette filesystem} \entry{pcfs}{93}{\code {pcfs}} \entry{-x}{93}{\code {-x}} \entry{--exclude-type}{93}{\code {--exclude-type}} \entry{du}{93}{\code {du}} \entry{file space usage}{93}{file space usage} \entry{disk usage for files}{93}{disk usage for files} \entry{-a}{93}{\code {-a}} \entry{--all}{93}{\code {--all}} \entry{-b}{93}{\code {-b}} \entry{--bytes}{93}{\code {--bytes}} \entry{-B}{93}{\code {-B}} \entry{--block-size}{93}{\code {--block-size}} \entry{file sizes}{93}{file sizes} \entry{-c}{93}{\code {-c}} \entry{--total}{93}{\code {--total}} \entry{grand total of disk space}{93}{grand total of disk space} \entry{-D}{93}{\code {-D}} \entry{--dereference-args}{93}{\code {--dereference-args}} \entry{-h}{94}{\code {-h}} \entry{--human-readable}{94}{\code {--human-readable}} \entry{human-readable output}{94}{human-readable output} \entry{-H}{94}{\code {-H}} \entry{--si}{94}{\code {--si}} \entry{SI output}{94}{SI output} \entry{-k}{94}{\code {-k}} \entry{kibibytes for file sizes}{94}{kibibytes for file sizes} \entry{-l}{94}{\code {-l}} \entry{--count-links}{94}{\code {--count-links}} \entry{hard links, counting in du}{94}{hard links, counting in \command {du}} \entry{-L}{94}{\code {-L}} \entry{--dereference}{94}{\code {--dereference}} \entry{symbolic links, dereferencing in du}{94}{symbolic links, dereferencing in \command {du}} \entry{--max-depth=DEPTH}{94}{\code {--max-depth=\var {DEPTH}}} \entry{limiting output of du}{94}{limiting output of \command {du}} \entry{-s}{94}{\code {-s}} \entry{--summarize}{94}{\code {--summarize}} \entry{-S}{94}{\code {-S}} \entry{--separate-dirs}{94}{\code {--separate-dirs}} \entry{-x}{94}{\code {-x}} \entry{--one-file-system}{94}{\code {--one-file-system}} \entry{one filesystem, restricting du to}{94}{one filesystem, restricting \command {du} to} \entry{--exclude=PATTERN}{94}{\code {--exclude=\var {PATTERN}}} \entry{excluding files from du}{94}{excluding files from \command {du}} \entry{-X FILE}{94}{\code {-X \var {FILE}}} \entry{--exclude-from=FILE}{94}{\code {--exclude-from=\var {FILE}}} \entry{excluding files from du}{94}{excluding files from \command {du}} \entry{NFS mounts from BSD to HP-UX}{94}{NFS mounts from BSD to HP-UX} \entry{stat}{95}{\code {stat}} \entry{file status}{95}{file status} \entry{filesystem status}{95}{filesystem status} \entry{-f}{95}{\code {-f}} \entry{--filesystem}{95}{\code {--filesystem}} \entry{filesystems}{95}{filesystems} \entry{-L}{95}{\code {-L}} \entry{--dereference}{95}{\code {--dereference}} \entry{symbolic links, dereferencing in stat}{95}{symbolic links, dereferencing in \command {stat}} \entry{-t}{95}{\code {-t}} \entry{--terse}{95}{\code {--terse}} \entry{terse output}{95}{terse output} \entry{-c}{95}{\code {-c}} \entry{--format}{95}{\code {--format}} \entry{output format}{95}{output format} \entry{sync}{96}{\code {sync}} \entry{synchronize disk and memory}{96}{synchronize disk and memory} \entry{superblock, writing}{96}{superblock, writing} \entry{inodes, written buffered}{96}{inodes, written buffered} \entry{crashes and corruption}{96}{crashes and corruption} \entry{printing text, commands for}{97}{printing text, commands for} \entry{commands for printing text}{97}{commands for printing text} \entry{echo}{97}{\code {echo}} \entry{displaying text}{97}{displaying text} \entry{printing text}{97}{printing text} \entry{text, displaying}{97}{text, displaying} \entry{arbitrary text, displaying}{97}{arbitrary text, displaying} \entry{-n}{97}{\code {-n}} \entry{-e}{97}{\code {-e}} \entry{backslash escapes}{97}{backslash escapes} \entry{printf}{97}{\code {printf}} \entry{{\tt\indexbackslash }0ooo}{97}{\code {{\tt\rawbackslashxx }0ooo}} \entry{{\tt\indexbackslash }xhh}{97}{\code {{\tt\rawbackslashxx }xhh}} \entry{{\tt\indexbackslash }uhhhh}{97}{\code {{\tt\rawbackslashxx }uhhhh}} \entry{{\tt\indexbackslash }Uhhhhhhhh}{97}{\code {{\tt\rawbackslashxx }Uhhhhhhhh}} \entry{{\tt\indexbackslash }c}{98}{\code {{\tt\rawbackslashxx }c}} \entry{yes}{98}{\code {yes}} \entry{repeated output of a string}{98}{repeated output of a string} \entry{conditions}{99}{conditions} \entry{commands for exit status}{99}{commands for exit status} \entry{exit status commands}{99}{exit status commands} \entry{false}{99}{\code {false}} \entry{do nothing, unsuccessfully}{99}{do nothing, unsuccessfully} \entry{failure exit status}{99}{failure exit status} \entry{exit status of false}{99}{exit status of \command {false}} \entry{true}{99}{\code {true}} \entry{do nothing, successfully}{99}{do nothing, successfully} \entry{no-op}{99}{no-op} \entry{successful exit}{99}{successful exit} \entry{exit status of true}{99}{exit status of \command {true}} \entry{test}{99}{\code {test}} \entry{check file types}{99}{check file types} \entry{compare values}{99}{compare values} \entry{expression evaluation}{99}{expression evaluation} \entry{conflicts with shell built-ins}{99}{conflicts with shell built-ins} \entry{built-in shell commands, conflicts with}{99}{built-in shell commands, conflicts with} \entry{file type tests}{100}{file type tests} \entry{-b}{100}{\code {-b}} \entry{block special check}{100}{block special check} \entry{-c}{100}{\code {-c}} \entry{character special check}{100}{character special check} \entry{-d}{100}{\code {-d}} \entry{directory check}{100}{directory check} \entry{-f}{100}{\code {-f}} \entry{regular file check}{100}{regular file check} \entry{-L}{100}{\code {-L}} \entry{-h}{100}{\code {-h}} \entry{symbolic link check}{100}{symbolic link check} \entry{-p}{100}{\code {-p}} \entry{named pipe check}{100}{named pipe check} \entry{-S}{100}{\code {-S}} \entry{socket check}{100}{socket check} \entry{-t}{100}{\code {-t}} \entry{terminal check}{100}{terminal check} \entry{access permission tests}{100}{access permission tests} \entry{permission tests}{100}{permission tests} \entry{-g}{100}{\code {-g}} \entry{set-group-id check}{100}{set-group-id check} \entry{-k}{100}{\code {-k}} \entry{sticky bit check}{100}{sticky bit check} \entry{-r}{100}{\code {-r}} \entry{readable file check}{100}{readable file check} \entry{-u}{100}{\code {-u}} \entry{set-user-id check}{100}{set-user-id check} \entry{-w}{100}{\code {-w}} \entry{writable file check}{100}{writable file check} \entry{-x}{100}{\code {-x}} \entry{executable file check}{100}{executable file check} \entry{-O}{100}{\code {-O}} \entry{owned by effective uid check}{100}{owned by effective uid check} \entry{-G}{100}{\code {-G}} \entry{owned by effective gid check}{100}{owned by effective gid check} \entry{file characteristic tests}{100}{file characteristic tests} \entry{-e}{100}{\code {-e}} \entry{existence-of-file check}{100}{existence-of-file check} \entry{-s}{100}{\code {-s}} \entry{nonempty file check}{100}{nonempty file check} \entry{-nt}{100}{\code {-nt}} \entry{newer-than file check}{100}{newer-than file check} \entry{-ot}{100}{\code {-ot}} \entry{older-than file check}{100}{older-than file check} \entry{-ef}{101}{\code {-ef}} \entry{same file check}{101}{same file check} \entry{hard link check}{101}{hard link check} \entry{string tests}{101}{string tests} \entry{-z}{101}{\code {-z}} \entry{zero-length string check}{101}{zero-length string check} \entry{-n}{101}{\code {-n}} \entry{nonzero-length string check}{101}{nonzero-length string check} \entry{=}{101}{\code {=}} \entry{equal string check}{101}{equal string check} \entry{!=}{101}{\code {!=}} \entry{not-equal string check}{101}{not-equal string check} \entry{numeric tests}{101}{numeric tests} \entry{arithmetic tests}{101}{arithmetic tests} \entry{-eq}{101}{\code {-eq}} \entry{-ne}{101}{\code {-ne}} \entry{-lt}{101}{\code {-lt}} \entry{-le}{101}{\code {-le}} \entry{-gt}{101}{\code {-gt}} \entry{-ge}{101}{\code {-ge}} \entry{logical connectives}{101}{logical connectives} \entry{connectives, logical}{101}{connectives, logical} \entry{!}{101}{\code {!}} \entry{-a}{102}{\code {-a}} \entry{logical and operator}{102}{logical and operator} \entry{and operator}{102}{and operator} \entry{-o}{102}{\code {-o}} \entry{logical or operator}{102}{logical or operator} \entry{or operator}{102}{or operator} \entry{expr}{102}{\code {expr}} \entry{expression evaluation}{102}{expression evaluation} \entry{evaluation of expressions}{102}{evaluation of expressions} \entry{parentheses for grouping}{102}{parentheses for grouping} \entry{exit status of expr}{102}{exit status of \command {expr}} \entry{string expressions}{102}{string expressions} \entry{expressions, string}{102}{expressions, string} \entry{pattern matching}{102}{pattern matching} \entry{regular expression matching}{102}{regular expression matching} \entry{matching patterns}{102}{matching patterns} \entry{{\tt\indexbackslash }( regexp operator}{102}{\code {{\tt\rawbackslashxx }( \r {regexp operator}}} \entry{{\tt\indexbackslash }+ regexp operator}{102}{\code {{\tt\rawbackslashxx }+ \r {regexp operator}}} \entry{{\tt\indexbackslash }? regexp operator}{102}{\code {{\tt\rawbackslashxx }? \r {regexp operator}}} \entry{{\tt\indexbackslash }| regexp operator}{102}{\code {{\tt\rawbackslashxx }| \r {regexp operator}}} \entry{match}{103}{\code {match}} \entry{substr}{103}{\code {substr}} \entry{index}{103}{\code {index}} \entry{length}{103}{\code {length}} \entry{+}{103}{\code {+}} \entry{numeric expressions}{103}{numeric expressions} \entry{expressions, numeric}{103}{expressions, numeric} \entry{+}{103}{\code {+}} \entry{-}{103}{\code {-}} \entry{addition}{103}{addition} \entry{subtraction}{103}{subtraction} \entry{*}{103}{\code {*}} \entry{/}{103}{\code {/}} \entry{%}{103}{\code {%}} \entry{multiplication}{103}{multiplication} \entry{division}{103}{division} \entry{remainder}{103}{remainder} \entry{connectives, logical}{103}{connectives, logical} \entry{logical connectives}{103}{logical connectives} \entry{relations, numeric or string}{103}{relations, numeric or string} \entry{|}{103}{\code {|}} \entry{logical or operator}{103}{logical or operator} \entry{or operator}{103}{or operator} \entry{&}{103}{\code {&}} \entry{logical and operator}{103}{logical and operator} \entry{and operator}{103}{and operator} \entry{<}{103}{\code {<}} \entry{<=}{103}{\code {<=}} \entry{=}{103}{\code {=}} \entry{==}{103}{\code {==}} \entry{>}{103}{\code {>}} \entry{>=}{103}{\code {>=}} \entry{comparison operators}{103}{comparison operators} \entry{LC_COLLATE}{103}{\code {LC_COLLATE}} \entry{examples of expr}{104}{examples of \command {expr}} \entry{redirection}{105}{redirection} \entry{commands for redirection}{105}{commands for redirection} \entry{tee}{105}{\code {tee}} \entry{pipe fitting}{105}{pipe fitting} \entry{destinations, multiple output}{105}{destinations, multiple output} \entry{read from stdin and write to stdout and files}{105}{read from stdin and write to stdout and files} \entry{-a}{105}{\code {-a}} \entry{--append}{105}{\code {--append}} \entry{-i}{105}{\code {-i}} \entry{--ignore-interrupts}{105}{\code {--ignore-interrupts}} \entry{file name manipulation}{106}{file name manipulation} \entry{manipulation of file names}{106}{manipulation of file names} \entry{commands for file name manipulation}{106}{commands for file name manipulation} \entry{basename}{106}{\code {basename}} \entry{strip directory and suffix from file names}{106}{strip directory and suffix from file names} \entry{directory, stripping from file names}{106}{directory, stripping from file names} \entry{suffix, stripping from file names}{106}{suffix, stripping from file names} \entry{file names, stripping directory and suffix}{106}{file names, stripping directory and suffix} \entry{leading directory components, stripping}{106}{leading directory components, stripping} \entry{dirname}{106}{\code {dirname}} \entry{directory components, printing}{106}{directory components, printing} \entry{stripping non-directory suffix}{106}{stripping non-directory suffix} \entry{non-directory suffix, stripping}{106}{non-directory suffix, stripping} \entry{pathchk}{106}{\code {pathchk}} \entry{file names, checking validity and portability}{106}{file names, checking validity and portability} \entry{valid file names, checking for}{106}{valid file names, checking for} \entry{portable file names, checking for}{106}{portable file names, checking for} \entry{-p}{106}{\code {-p}} \entry{--portability}{106}{\code {--portability}} \entry{exit status of pathchk}{106}{exit status of \command {pathchk}} \entry{working context}{107}{working context} \entry{commands for printing the working context}{107}{commands for printing the working context} \entry{pwd}{107}{\code {pwd}} \entry{print name of current directory}{107}{print name of current directory} \entry{current working directory, printing}{107}{current working directory, printing} \entry{working directory, printing}{107}{working directory, printing} \entry{symbolic links and pwd}{107}{symbolic links and \command {pwd}} \entry{conflicts with shell built-ins}{107}{conflicts with shell built-ins} \entry{built-in shell commands, conflicts with}{107}{built-in shell commands, conflicts with} \entry{stty}{107}{\code {stty}} \entry{change or print terminal settings}{107}{change or print terminal settings} \entry{terminal settings}{107}{terminal settings} \entry{line settings of terminal}{107}{line settings of terminal} \entry{-a}{107}{\code {-a}} \entry{--all}{107}{\code {--all}} \entry{-F}{107}{\code {-F}} \entry{--file}{107}{\code {--file}} \entry{-g}{107}{\code {-g}} \entry{--save}{107}{\code {--save}} \entry{machine-readable stty output}{107}{machine-readable \command {stty} output} \entry{control settings}{108}{control settings} \entry{parenb}{108}{\code {parenb}} \entry{two-way parity}{108}{two-way parity} \entry{parodd}{108}{\code {parodd}} \entry{odd parity}{108}{odd parity} \entry{even parity}{108}{even parity} \entry{csn}{108}{\code {cs\var {n}}} \entry{character size}{108}{character size} \entry{eight-bit characters}{108}{eight-bit characters} \entry{hup[cl]}{108}{\code {hup[cl]}} \entry{cstopb}{108}{\code {cstopb}} \entry{stop bits}{108}{stop bits} \entry{cread}{108}{\code {cread}} \entry{clocal}{108}{\code {clocal}} \entry{modem control}{108}{modem control} \entry{crtscts}{108}{\code {crtscts}} \entry{hardware flow control}{108}{hardware flow control} \entry{flow control, hardware}{108}{flow control, hardware} \entry{RTS/CTS flow control}{108}{RTS/CTS flow control} \entry{input settings}{108}{input settings} \entry{ignbrk}{108}{\code {ignbrk}} \entry{breaks, ignoring}{108}{breaks, ignoring} \entry{brkint}{108}{\code {brkint}} \entry{breaks, cause interrupts}{108}{breaks, cause interrupts} \entry{ignpar}{108}{\code {ignpar}} \entry{parity, ignoring}{108}{parity, ignoring} \entry{parmrk}{108}{\code {parmrk}} \entry{parity errors, marking}{108}{parity errors, marking} \entry{inpck}{108}{\code {inpck}} \entry{istrip}{108}{\code {istrip}} \entry{eight-bit input}{108}{eight-bit input} \entry{inlcr}{108}{\code {inlcr}} \entry{newline, translating to return}{108}{newline, translating to return} \entry{igncr}{108}{\code {igncr}} \entry{return, ignoring}{108}{return, ignoring} \entry{icrnl}{108}{\code {icrnl}} \entry{return, translating to newline}{108}{return, translating to newline} \entry{ixon}{108}{\code {ixon}} \entry{C-s/C-q flow control}{108}{\code {C-s/C-q flow control}} \entry{XON/XOFF flow control}{108}{XON/XOFF flow control} \entry{ixoff}{108}{\code {ixoff}} \entry{tandem}{108}{\code {tandem}} \entry{software flow control}{108}{software flow control} \entry{flow control, software}{108}{flow control, software} \entry{iuclc}{109}{\code {iuclc}} \entry{uppercase, translating to lowercase}{109}{uppercase, translating to lowercase} \entry{ixany}{109}{\code {ixany}} \entry{imaxbel}{109}{\code {imaxbel}} \entry{beeping at input buffer full}{109}{beeping at input buffer full} \entry{output settings}{109}{output settings} \entry{opost}{109}{\code {opost}} \entry{olcuc}{109}{\code {olcuc}} \entry{lowercase, translating to output}{109}{lowercase, translating to output} \entry{ocrnl}{109}{\code {ocrnl}} \entry{return, translating to newline}{109}{return, translating to newline} \entry{onlcr}{109}{\code {onlcr}} \entry{newline, translating to crlf}{109}{newline, translating to crlf} \entry{onocr}{109}{\code {onocr}} \entry{onlret}{109}{\code {onlret}} \entry{ofill}{109}{\code {ofill}} \entry{pad instead of timing for delaying}{109}{pad instead of timing for delaying} \entry{ofdel}{109}{\code {ofdel}} \entry{pad character}{109}{pad character} \entry{nln}{109}{\code {nl\var {n}}} \entry{crn}{109}{\code {cr\var {n}}} \entry{tabn}{109}{\code {tab\var {n}}} \entry{bsn}{109}{\code {bs\var {n}}} \entry{vtn}{109}{\code {vt\var {n}}} \entry{ffn}{109}{\code {ff\var {n}}} \entry{local settings}{110}{local settings} \entry{isig}{110}{\code {isig}} \entry{icanon}{110}{\code {icanon}} \entry{iexten}{110}{\code {iexten}} \entry{echo}{110}{\code {echo}} \entry{echoe}{110}{\code {echoe}} \entry{crterase}{110}{\code {crterase}} \entry{echok}{110}{\code {echok}} \entry{newline echoing after kill}{110}{newline echoing after \code {kill}} \entry{echonl}{110}{\code {echonl}} \entry{newline, echoing}{110}{newline, echoing} \entry{noflsh}{110}{\code {noflsh}} \entry{flushing, disabling}{110}{flushing, disabling} \entry{xcase}{110}{\code {xcase}} \entry{case translation}{110}{case translation} \entry{tostop}{110}{\code {tostop}} \entry{background jobs, stopping at terminal write}{110}{background jobs, stopping at terminal write} \entry{echoprt}{110}{\code {echoprt}} \entry{prterase}{110}{\code {prterase}} \entry{echoctl}{110}{\code {echoctl}} \entry{ctlecho}{110}{\code {ctlecho}} \entry{control characters, using ^c}{110}{control characters, using \samp {^\var {c}}} \entry{hat notation for control characters}{110}{hat notation for control characters} \entry{echoke}{110}{\code {echoke}} \entry{crtkill}{110}{\code {crtkill}} \entry{combination settings}{110}{combination settings} \entry{evenp}{110}{\code {evenp}} \entry{parity}{110}{\code {parity}} \entry{oddp}{110}{\code {oddp}} \entry{nl}{110}{\code {nl}} \entry{ek}{110}{\code {ek}} \entry{sane}{111}{\code {sane}} \entry{cooked}{111}{\code {cooked}} \entry{raw}{111}{\code {raw}} \entry{cbreak}{111}{\code {cbreak}} \entry{pass8}{111}{\code {pass8}} \entry{eight-bit characters}{111}{eight-bit characters} \entry{litout}{111}{\code {litout}} \entry{decctlq}{111}{\code {decctlq}} \entry{tabs}{111}{\code {tabs}} \entry{lcase}{111}{\code {lcase}} \entry{LCASE}{111}{\code {LCASE}} \entry{crt}{111}{\code {crt}} \entry{dec}{111}{\code {dec}} \entry{special characters}{111}{special characters} \entry{characters, special}{111}{characters, special} \entry{disabling special characters}{111}{disabling special characters} \entry{u, and disabling special characters}{111}{\code {u\r {, and disabling special characters}}} \entry{intr}{111}{\code {intr}} \entry{quit}{111}{\code {quit}} \entry{erase}{111}{\code {erase}} \entry{kill}{112}{\code {kill}} \entry{eof}{112}{\code {eof}} \entry{eol}{112}{\code {eol}} \entry{eol2}{112}{\code {eol2}} \entry{swtch}{112}{\code {swtch}} \entry{start}{112}{\code {start}} \entry{stop}{112}{\code {stop}} \entry{susp}{112}{\code {susp}} \entry{dsusp}{112}{\code {dsusp}} \entry{rprnt}{112}{\code {rprnt}} \entry{werase}{112}{\code {werase}} \entry{lnext}{112}{\code {lnext}} \entry{special settings}{112}{special settings} \entry{min}{112}{\code {min}} \entry{time}{112}{\code {time}} \entry{ispeed}{112}{\code {ispeed}} \entry{ospeed}{112}{\code {ospeed}} \entry{rows}{112}{\code {rows}} \entry{cols}{112}{\code {cols}} \entry{columns}{112}{\code {columns}} \entry{size}{112}{\code {size}} \entry{LINES}{112}{\code {LINES}} \entry{COLUMNS}{112}{\code {COLUMNS}} \entry{line}{112}{\code {line}} \entry{speed}{112}{\code {speed}} \entry{baud rate, setting}{112}{baud rate, setting} \entry{printenv}{113}{\code {printenv}} \entry{printing all or some environment variables}{113}{printing all or some environment variables} \entry{environment variables, printing}{113}{environment variables, printing} \entry{exit status of printenv}{113}{exit status of \command {printenv}} \entry{tty}{113}{\code {tty}} \entry{print terminal file name}{113}{print terminal file name} \entry{terminal file name, printing}{113}{terminal file name, printing} \entry{-s}{113}{\code {-s}} \entry{--silent}{113}{\code {--silent}} \entry{--quiet}{113}{\code {--quiet}} \entry{exit status of tty}{113}{exit status of \command {tty}} \entry{user information, commands for}{114}{user information, commands for} \entry{commands for printing user information}{114}{commands for printing user information} \entry{id}{114}{\code {id}} \entry{real uid and gid, printing}{114}{real uid and gid, printing} \entry{effective uid and gid, printing}{114}{effective uid and gid, printing} \entry{printing real and effective uid and gid}{114}{printing real and effective uid and gid} \entry{-g}{114}{\code {-g}} \entry{--group}{114}{\code {--group}} \entry{-G}{114}{\code {-G}} \entry{--groups}{114}{\code {--groups}} \entry{-n}{114}{\code {-n}} \entry{--name}{114}{\code {--name}} \entry{-r}{114}{\code {-r}} \entry{--real}{114}{\code {--real}} \entry{-u}{114}{\code {-u}} \entry{--user}{114}{\code {--user}} \entry{logname}{114}{\code {logname}} \entry{printing user's login name}{114}{printing user's login name} \entry{login name, printing}{114}{login name, printing} \entry{user name, printing}{114}{user name, printing} \entry{/etc/utmp}{114}{\code {/etc/utmp}} \entry{utmp}{114}{\code {utmp}} \entry{whoami}{114}{\code {whoami}} \entry{effective UID, printing}{114}{effective UID, printing} \entry{printing the effective UID}{114}{printing the effective UID} \entry{groups}{115}{\code {groups}} \entry{printing groups a user is in}{115}{printing groups a user is in} \entry{supplementary groups, printing}{115}{supplementary groups, printing} \entry{users}{115}{\code {users}} \entry{printing current usernames}{115}{printing current usernames} \entry{usernames, printing current}{115}{usernames, printing current} \entry{login sessions, printing users with}{115}{login sessions, printing users with} \entry{/etc/utmp}{115}{\code {/etc/utmp}} \entry{/etc/wtmp}{115}{\code {/etc/wtmp}} \entry{who}{115}{\code {who}} \entry{printing current user information}{115}{printing current user information} \entry{information, about current users}{115}{information, about current users} \entry{terminal lines, currently used}{115}{terminal lines, currently used} \entry{login time}{115}{login time} \entry{remote hostname}{115}{remote hostname} \entry{/etc/utmp}{115}{\code {/etc/utmp}} \entry{/etc/wtmp}{115}{\code {/etc/wtmp}} \entry{am i}{115}{\code {am i}} \entry{who am i}{115}{\code {who am i}} \entry{-m}{115}{\code {-m}} \entry{-q}{115}{\code {-q}} \entry{--count}{115}{\code {--count}} \entry{-s}{115}{\code {-s}} \entry{-i}{116}{\code {-i}} \entry{-u}{116}{\code {-u}} \entry{--idle}{116}{\code {--idle}} \entry{idle time}{116}{idle time} \entry{-l}{116}{\code {-l}} \entry{--lookup}{116}{\code {--lookup}} \entry{-H}{116}{\code {-H}} \entry{--heading}{116}{\code {--heading}} \entry{-w}{116}{\code {-w}} \entry{-T}{116}{\code {-T}} \entry{--mesg}{116}{\code {--mesg}} \entry{--message}{116}{\code {--message}} \entry{--writable}{116}{\code {--writable}} \entry{message status}{116}{message status} \entry{write, allowed}{116}{\code {write\r {, allowed}}} \entry{system context}{117}{system context} \entry{context, system}{117}{context, system} \entry{commands for system context}{117}{commands for system context} \entry{date}{117}{\code {date}} \entry{time, printing or setting}{117}{time, printing or setting} \entry{printing the current time}{117}{printing the current time} \entry{strftime and date}{117}{\code {strftime \r {and \command {date}}}} \entry{time formats}{117}{time formats} \entry{formatting times}{117}{formatting times} \entry{time directives}{117}{time directives} \entry{directives, time}{117}{directives, time} \entry{epoch, seconds since}{117}{epoch, seconds since} \entry{seconds since the epoch}{117}{seconds since the epoch} \entry{beginning of time}{117}{beginning of time} \entry{date directives}{118}{date directives} \entry{directives, date}{118}{directives, date} \entry{literal directives}{119}{literal directives} \entry{directives, literal}{119}{directives, literal} \entry{numeric field padding}{119}{numeric field padding} \entry{padding of numeric fields}{119}{padding of numeric fields} \entry{fields, padding numeric}{119}{fields, padding numeric} \entry{setting the time}{119}{setting the time} \entry{time setting}{119}{time setting} \entry{appropriate privileges}{119}{appropriate privileges} \entry{date options}{120}{\command {date} options} \entry{options for date}{120}{options for \command {date}} \entry{-d}{120}{\code {-d}} \entry{--date}{120}{\code {--date}} \entry{parsing date strings}{120}{parsing date strings} \entry{date strings, parsing}{120}{date strings, parsing} \entry{arbitrary date strings, parsing}{120}{arbitrary date strings, parsing} \entry{yesterday}{120}{\code {yesterday}} \entry{tomorrow}{120}{\code {tomorrow}} \entry{next day}{120}{\code {next \var {day}}} \entry{last day}{120}{\code {last \var {day}}} \entry{-f}{120}{\code {-f}} \entry{--file}{120}{\code {--file}} \entry{-I timespec}{120}{\code {-I \var {timespec}}} \entry{--iso-8601[=timespec]}{120}{\code {--iso-8601[=\var {timespec}]}} \entry{-R}{121}{\code {-R}} \entry{--rfc-822}{121}{\code {--rfc-822}} \entry{-r}{121}{\code {-r}} \entry{--reference}{121}{\code {--reference}} \entry{-s}{121}{\code {-s}} \entry{--set}{121}{\code {--set}} \entry{-u}{121}{\code {-u}} \entry{--utc}{121}{\code {--utc}} \entry{--universal}{121}{\code {--universal}} \entry{Coordinated Universal Time}{121}{Coordinated Universal Time} \entry{UTC}{121}{UTC} \entry{Greenwich Mean Time}{121}{Greenwich Mean Time} \entry{GMT}{121}{GMT} \entry{examples of date}{121}{examples of \command {date}} \entry{uname}{122}{\code {uname}} \entry{print system information}{122}{print system information} \entry{system information, printing}{122}{system information, printing} \entry{-a}{123}{\code {-a}} \entry{--all}{123}{\code {--all}} \entry{-i}{123}{\code {-i}} \entry{--hardware-platform}{123}{\code {--hardware-platform}} \entry{implementation, hardware}{123}{implementation, hardware} \entry{hardware platform}{123}{hardware platform} \entry{platform, hardware}{123}{platform, hardware} \entry{-m}{123}{\code {-m}} \entry{--machine}{123}{\code {--machine}} \entry{machine type}{123}{machine type} \entry{hardware class}{123}{hardware class} \entry{hardware type}{123}{hardware type} \entry{-n}{123}{\code {-n}} \entry{--nodename}{123}{\code {--nodename}} \entry{hostname}{123}{hostname} \entry{node name}{123}{node name} \entry{network node name}{123}{network node name} \entry{-p}{123}{\code {-p}} \entry{--processor}{123}{\code {--processor}} \entry{host processor type}{123}{host processor type} \entry{-o}{123}{\code {-o}} \entry{--operating-system}{123}{\code {--operating-system}} \entry{operating system name}{123}{operating system name} \entry{-r}{123}{\code {-r}} \entry{--kernel-release}{123}{\code {--kernel-release}} \entry{kernel release}{123}{kernel release} \entry{release of kernel}{123}{release of kernel} \entry{-s}{123}{\code {-s}} \entry{--kernel-name}{123}{\code {--kernel-name}} \entry{kernel name}{123}{kernel name} \entry{name of kernel}{123}{name of kernel} \entry{-v}{123}{\code {-v}} \entry{--kernel-version}{123}{\code {--kernel-version}} \entry{kernel version}{123}{kernel version} \entry{version of kernel}{123}{version of kernel} \entry{hostname}{123}{\code {hostname}} \entry{setting the hostname}{123}{setting the hostname} \entry{printing the hostname}{123}{printing the hostname} \entry{system name, printing}{123}{system name, printing} \entry{appropriate privileges}{123}{appropriate privileges} \entry{hostid}{123}{\code {hostid}} \entry{printing the host identifier}{123}{printing the host identifier} \entry{modified command invocation}{125}{modified command invocation} \entry{invocation of commands, modified}{125}{invocation of commands, modified} \entry{commands for invoking other commands}{125}{commands for invoking other commands} \entry{chroot}{125}{\code {chroot}} \entry{running a program in a specified root directory}{125}{running a program in a specified root directory} \entry{root directory, running a program in a specified}{125}{root directory, running a program in a specified} \entry{env}{125}{\code {env}} \entry{environment, running a program in a modified}{125}{environment, running a program in a modified} \entry{modified environment, running a program in a}{125}{modified environment, running a program in a} \entry{running a program in a modified environment}{125}{running a program in a modified environment} \entry{PATH}{125}{\code {PATH}} \entry{environment, printing}{126}{environment, printing} \entry{-u}{126}{\code {-u}} \entry{-unset}{126}{\code {-unset}} \entry{-}{126}{\code {-}} \entry{-i}{126}{\code {-i}} \entry{--ignore-environment}{126}{\code {--ignore-environment}} \entry{nice}{126}{\code {nice}} \entry{modifying scheduling priority}{126}{modifying scheduling priority} \entry{scheduling priority, modifying}{126}{scheduling priority, modifying} \entry{priority, modifying}{126}{priority, modifying} \entry{appropriate privileges}{126}{appropriate privileges} \entry{conflicts with shell built-ins}{126}{conflicts with shell built-ins} \entry{built-in shell commands, conflicts with}{126}{built-in shell commands, conflicts with} \entry{-n}{126}{\code {-n}} \entry{--adjustment}{126}{\code {--adjustment}} \entry{nohup}{126}{\code {nohup}} \entry{hangups, immunity to}{126}{hangups, immunity to} \entry{immunity to hangups}{126}{immunity to hangups} \entry{logging out and continuing to run}{126}{logging out and continuing to run} \entry{nohup.out}{126}{\code {nohup.out}} \entry{nohup.out}{126}{\code {nohup.out}} \entry{exit status of nohup}{127}{exit status of \command {nohup}} \entry{su}{127}{\code {su}} \entry{substitute user and group ids}{127}{substitute user and group ids} \entry{user id, switching}{127}{user id, switching} \entry{super-user, becoming}{127}{super-user, becoming} \entry{root, becoming}{127}{root, becoming} \entry{passwd entry, and su shell}{127}{passwd entry, and \command {su} shell} \entry{/bin/sh}{127}{\code {/bin/sh}} \entry{/etc/passwd}{127}{\code {/etc/passwd}} \entry{HOME}{127}{\code {HOME}} \entry{SHELL}{127}{\code {SHELL}} \entry{USER}{127}{\code {USER}} \entry{LOGNAME}{127}{\code {LOGNAME}} \entry{login shell}{127}{login shell} \entry{-su}{127}{\option {-su}} \entry{syslog}{127}{\code {syslog}} \entry{-c}{127}{\code {-c}} \entry{--command}{127}{\code {--command}} \entry{-f}{128}{\code {-f}} \entry{--fast}{128}{\code {--fast}} \entry{.cshrc}{128}{\code {.cshrc}} \entry{file name pattern expansion, disabled}{128}{file name pattern expansion, disabled} \entry{globbing, disabled}{128}{globbing, disabled} \entry{-}{128}{\code {-}} \entry{-l}{128}{\code {-l}} \entry{--login}{128}{\code {--login}} \entry{TERM}{128}{\code {TERM}} \entry{PATH}{128}{\code {PATH}} \entry{login shell, creating}{128}{login shell, creating} \entry{-m}{128}{\code {-m}} \entry{-p}{128}{\code {-p}} \entry{--preserve-environment}{128}{\code {--preserve-environment}} \entry{environment, preserving}{128}{environment, preserving} \entry{/etc/shells}{128}{\code {/etc/shells}} \entry{restricted shell}{128}{restricted shell} \entry{-s}{128}{\code {-s}} \entry{--shell}{128}{\code {--shell}} \entry{wheel group, not supported}{128}{wheel group, not supported} \entry{group wheel, not supported}{128}{group wheel, not supported} \entry{fascism}{128}{fascism} \entry{Twenex}{128}{Twenex} \entry{MIT AI lab}{128}{MIT AI lab} \entry{processes, commands for controlling}{129}{processes, commands for controlling} \entry{commands for controlling processes}{129}{commands for controlling processes} \entry{kill}{129}{\code {kill}} \entry{send a signal to processes}{129}{send a signal to processes} \entry{delaying commands}{131}{delaying commands} \entry{commands for delaying}{131}{commands for delaying} \entry{sleep}{131}{\code {sleep}} \entry{delay for a specified time}{131}{delay for a specified time} \entry{time units}{131}{time units} \entry{numeric operations}{132}{numeric operations} \entry{factor}{132}{\code {factor}} \entry{prime factors}{132}{prime factors} \entry{seq}{132}{\code {seq}} \entry{numeric sequences}{132}{numeric sequences} \entry{sequence of numbers}{132}{sequence of numbers} \entry{-f format}{132}{\code {-f \var {format}}} \entry{--format=format}{132}{\code {--format=\var {format}}} \entry{formatting of numbers in seq}{132}{formatting of numbers in \command {seq}} \entry{separator for numbers in seq}{132}{separator for numbers in \command {seq}} \entry{read permission}{135}{read permission} \entry{write permission}{135}{write permission} \entry{execute permission}{135}{execute permission} \entry{owner, default}{135}{owner, default} \entry{group owner, default}{135}{group owner, default} \entry{setuid}{135}{setuid} \entry{setgid}{135}{setgid} \entry{sticky}{135}{sticky} \entry{swap space, saving text image in}{135}{swap space, saving text image in} \entry{text image, saving in swap space}{135}{text image, saving in swap space} \entry{restricted deletion flag}{135}{restricted deletion flag} \entry{symbolic modes}{135}{symbolic modes} \entry{owner of file, permissions for}{136}{owner of file, permissions for} \entry{group, permissions for}{136}{group, permissions for} \entry{other permissions}{136}{other permissions} \entry{adding permissions}{136}{adding permissions} \entry{removing permissions}{136}{removing permissions} \entry{subtracting permissions}{136}{subtracting permissions} \entry{setting permissions}{136}{setting permissions} \entry{read permission, symbolic}{136}{read permission, symbolic} \entry{write permission, symbolic}{136}{write permission, symbolic} \entry{execute permission, symbolic}{136}{execute permission, symbolic} \entry{copying existing permissions}{137}{copying existing permissions} \entry{permissions, copying existing}{137}{permissions, copying existing} \entry{changing special permissions}{137}{changing special permissions} \entry{conditional executability}{138}{conditional executability} \entry{multiple changes to permissions}{138}{multiple changes to permissions} \entry{umask and modes}{139}{umask and modes} \entry{modes and umask}{139}{modes and umask} \entry{giving away permissions}{139}{giving away permissions} \entry{numeric modes}{139}{numeric modes} \entry{file permissions, numeric}{139}{file permissions, numeric} \entry{octal numbers for file modes}{139}{octal numbers for file modes} \entry{date input formats}{141}{date input formats} \entry{getdate}{141}{\code {getdate}} \entry{beginning of time, for POSIX}{141}{beginning of time, for \acronym {POSIX}} \entry{epoch, for POSIX}{141}{epoch, for \acronym {POSIX}} \entry{general date syntax}{141}{general date syntax} \entry{items in date strings}{141}{items in date strings} \entry{numbers, written-out}{142}{numbers, written-out} \entry{ordinal numbers}{142}{ordinal numbers} \entry{first in date strings}{142}{\code {first \r {in date strings}}} \entry{next in date strings}{142}{\code {next \r {in date strings}}} \entry{last in date strings}{142}{\code {last \r {in date strings}}} \entry{months, written-out}{142}{months, written-out} \entry{language, in dates}{142}{language, in dates} \entry{language, in dates}{142}{language, in dates} \entry{time zone item}{142}{time zone item} \entry{case, ignored in dates}{142}{case, ignored in dates} \entry{comments, in dates}{142}{comments, in dates} \entry{calendar date item}{142}{calendar date item} \entry{iso 8601 date format}{143}{\sc {iso} 8601 date format} \entry{date format, iso 8601}{143}{date format, \sc {iso} 8601} \entry{month names in date strings}{143}{month names in date strings} \entry{abbreviations for months}{143}{abbreviations for months} \entry{time of day item}{143}{time of day item} \entry{am in date strings}{143}{\code {am \r {in date strings}}} \entry{pm in date strings}{143}{\code {pm \r {in date strings}}} \entry{midnight in date strings}{143}{\code {midnight \r {in date strings}}} \entry{noon in date strings}{143}{\code {noon \r {in date strings}}} \entry{time zone correction}{143}{time zone correction} \entry{minutes, time zone correction by}{143}{minutes, time zone correction by} \entry{time zone item}{144}{time zone item} \entry{day of week item}{144}{day of week item} \entry{next day}{144}{\code {next \var {day}}} \entry{last day}{144}{\code {last \var {day}}} \entry{relative items in date strings}{144}{relative items in date strings} \entry{displacement of dates}{144}{displacement of dates} \entry{year in date strings}{144}{\code {year \r {in date strings}}} \entry{month in date strings}{144}{\code {month \r {in date strings}}} \entry{fortnight in date strings}{144}{\code {fortnight \r {in date strings}}} \entry{week in date strings}{144}{\code {week \r {in date strings}}} \entry{day in date strings}{144}{\code {day \r {in date strings}}} \entry{hour in date strings}{144}{\code {hour \r {in date strings}}} \entry{minute in date strings}{144}{\code {minute \r {in date strings}}} \entry{ago in date strings}{145}{\code {ago \r {in date strings}}} \entry{day in date strings}{145}{\code {day \r {in date strings}}} \entry{tomorrow in date strings}{145}{\code {tomorrow \r {in date strings}}} \entry{yesterday in date strings}{145}{\code {yesterday \r {in date strings}}} \entry{now in date strings}{145}{\code {now \r {in date strings}}} \entry{today in date strings}{145}{\code {today \r {in date strings}}} \entry{this in date strings}{145}{\code {this \r {in date strings}}} \entry{pure numbers in date strings}{145}{pure numbers in date strings} \entry{authors of getdate}{145}{authors of \code {getdate}} \entry{Bellovin, Steven M.}{145}{Bellovin, Steven M.} \entry{Salz, Rich}{145}{Salz, Rich} \entry{Berets, Jim}{145}{Berets, Jim} \entry{MacKenzie, David}{145}{MacKenzie, David} \entry{Meyering, Jim}{145}{Meyering, Jim} \entry{Eggert, Paul}{145}{Eggert, Paul} \entry{Pinard, F.}{145}{Pinard, F.} \entry{Berry, K.}{145}{Berry, K.} .