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In first year calculus, we   define intervals  such as 
$(u, v)$ and $(u, \infty)$.  Such an interval is a 
\emph{neighborhood} of  $a$
if  $a$ is in the interval.  Students should 
realize that  $\infty$ is only a
symbol, not a number.  This is important since 
we soon introduce concepts
 such as $\lim_{x \to \infty} f(x)$.  

When we introduce the derivative
\[
   \lim_{x \to a} \frac{f(x) - f(a)}{x - a},
\]
we assume that the function is defined and continuous 
in a neighborhood of  $a$.
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