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  \title{A Survey of Free Math Fonts for \TeX{} and \LaTeX{}%
  \footnote{Copyright 2006 Stephen G.\  Hartke. Permission is granted to distribute verbatim or modified copies of this document provided this notice remains intact.\protect \\ An initial version of this article appeared in \emph{The Prac\TeX{} Journal,} 1, 2006,  \protect\url{http://www.tug.org/pracjourn/2006-1/hartke/}.\protect \\
The permanent home of this article is \protect\url{http://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/info/Free_Math_Font_Survey}.}}
  \author{Stephen G. Hartke\footnote{Email: lastname @ gmail dot com.}}
  \date{May 5, 2006}
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\begin{document}

\title{A Survey of Free Math Fonts for \TeX{} and \LaTeX{}%
\footnote{Copyright 2006 Stephen G.\  Hartke. Permission is granted to distribute
verbatim or modified copies of this document provided this notice
remains intact.\protect \\
An initial version of this article appeared in \emph{The Prac\TeX{}
Journal,} 1, 2006, \url{http://www.tug.org/pracjourn/2006-1/hartke/}.\protect \\
The permanent home of this article is \url{http://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/info/Free_Math_Font_Survey}.%
}}


\author{Stephen G. Hartke%
\footnote{Email: lastname @ gmail dot com.%
}}


\date{May 5, 2006}

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\textbf{Note:} \emph{This survey is also available in \href{survey.pdf}{PDF}
format.}\medskip

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\section*{Contents}

\noindent \hyperref[sec:Intro]{\textbf{Introduction}}\begin{latexonly}\hfill\textbf{\pageref{sec:Intro}}\end{latexonly}

\noindent \hyperref[sec:TeXFonts]{\textbf{Fonts Originally Designed
for \TeX{}}}\begin{latexonly}\hfill\textbf{\pageref{sec:TeXFonts}}\end{latexonly}

\begin{quote}
\hyperref[fig:CM]{Computer Modern}, \hyperref[fig:CMBright]{CM
Bright}, \hyperref[fig:ConcEuler]{Concrete and Euler}, \hyperref[fig:ConcMath]{Concrete
Math}, \hyperref[fig:Iwona]{Iwona}, \hyperref[fig:Kurier]{Kurier},
\hyperref[fig:AntPolt]{Antykwa P\'o\l{}tawskiego}, \hyperref[fig:AntTor]{Antykwa
Toru\acuten{}ska}
\end{quote}
\noindent \hyperref[sec:PSFonts]{\textbf{Core Postscript Fonts}}\begin{latexonly}\hfill\textbf{\pageref{sec:PSFonts}}\end{latexonly}

\begin{quote}
\hyperref[fig:Kerkis]{Kerkis}, \hyperref[fig:Millen]{Millennial},
\hyperref[fig:fouriernc]{fouriernc}, \hyperref[fig:pxfonts]{pxfonts},
\hyperref[fig:Pazo]{Pazo}, \hyperref[fig:mathpple]{mathpple},
\hyperref[fig:txfonts]{txfonts}, \hyperref[fig:Belleek]{Belleek},
\hyperref[fig:mathptmx]{mathptmx}, \hyperref[fig:mbtimes]{mbtimes}
\end{quote}
\noindent \hyperref[sec:OtherFonts]{\textbf{Other Free Fonts}}\begin{latexonly}\hfill\textbf{\pageref{sec:OtherFonts}}\end{latexonly}

\begin{quote}
\hyperref[fig:Arev]{Arev Sans}, \hyperref[fig:chartermd]{Math Design
with Charter}, \hyperref[fig:comicsans]{Comic Sans}, \hyperref[fig:garamd]{Math
Design with Garamond}, \hyperref[fig:fourier]{Fourier-GUTenberg},
\hyperref[fig:utopiamd]{Math Design with Utopia}
\end{quote}
\noindent \hyperref[sec:Compar]{\textbf{Comparison of Features}}\begin{latexonly}\hfill\textbf{\pageref{sec:Compar}}\end{latexonly}

\noindent \hyperref[sec:Creation]{\textbf{Creation of this Survey}}\begin{latexonly}\hfill\textbf{\pageref{sec:Creation}}\end{latexonly}


\section{\label{sec:Intro}Introduction}

One of the biggest challenges in selecting a font for \TeX{} or \LaTeX{}
is that there are not very many math fonts that match the plethora
of available text fonts. It's reasonably easy to use an arbitrary
Postscript Type~1 font in \TeX{} for text (see Philipp Lehman's Font
Installation Guide~\cite{CTANfontinstgd}), but obtaining and configuring
a matching math font from scratch is a demanding task. Thus, there
are few math fonts for \TeX{}, and in particular very few free ones.
However, in the past few years, several very nice free fonts have
been released. The goal of this article is to list all of the free
math fonts and to provide examples.

{}``Free'' here means fonts that are free to use (both commercially
and non-com\-mercially) and free to distribute, but not necessarily
free to modify. I also am biased towards listing fonts that have outline
versions in PostScript Type~1 format suitable for embedding in Postscript
PS or Adobe Acrobat PDF files. Donald E. Knuth originally designed
the \MF\  system for producing fonts for \TeX{} in bitmap format.
PS or PDF files that have embedded bitmap fonts do not display well
in Adobe Acrobat Reader,%
\footnote{Starting with version 6, Adobe Acrobat Reader displays bitmap fonts
fine. The free PDF viewers Ghostview and xpdf have always displayed
bitmap fonts accurately.%
} to the point of being almost unreadable on the screen, and are also
noticeable when printing at extremely high resolutions (on photo-setters,
for instance). Since outline fonts contain mathematical descriptions
of the curves used in each glyph, they can be scaled to any resolution
while retaining image quality.

The fonts listed here are categorized according to their origin: whether
originally designed for \TeX{}, related to the standard Postscript
fonts, or other free fonts. A font's origin does not particularly
bear on its quality or suitability for typesetting mathematics. No
recommendations or evaluations of the fonts are given here, as people's
tastes in fonts vary greatly. The goal of this survey is simply to
make authors aware of all their options.

Most of the fonts can be selected by including a single package in
the preamble of the user's \LaTeX{} file (the \emph{preamble} is the
section after {}``\texttt{\textbackslash{}documentclass\{\}}'' and
before {}``\texttt{\textbackslash{}begin\{document\}}''). The line
or lines to include for each font are listed in the caption of the
sample figure. For example {}``\texttt{\textbackslash{}usepackage\{fourier\}}''
uses Utopia and Fourier-GUTenberg, as shown in the sample \LaTeX{}
file in Section~\ref{sec:Creation}.

Walter A. Schmidt also has a survey in German of math fonts~\cite{WASmathfonts}
that concentrates more on commercial fonts. Schmidt's survey has several
examples that show different pairings between text fonts and math
fonts.


\section{\label{sec:TeXFonts}Fonts Originally Designed for \TeX{}}

These fonts were originally designed for use with \TeX{}, using either
\MF\  or MetaType1~\cite{CTANmetatype1}.


\paragraph{Computer Modern:}

Knuth created Computer Modern~\cite{CMBook} as the default font
for \TeX{}. The font set includes serif, sans serif, and monospaced
text faces, and corresponding math fonts. The math symbol set is very
complete. Computer Modern is \emph{the} font for \TeX{}, which leads
some to claim that the font is overused. The characters are fairly
thin and light, and so are not as readable on screen in small sizes
or from high-resolution laser printers.%
\footnote{When on screen, the fonts are usually anti-aliased, often into a gray
blur because the stems are not thick enough to fill a pixel. When
printed with a high-resolution laser printer, the fonts are shown
accurately, but I think are too thin. With a medium-resolution printer
like an inkjet, there's enough resolution to show the form of the
letters (unlike on screen), but the low-resolution \char`\"{}bulks
up\char`\"{} the letters compared to a high-resolution laser printer,
with the letters thus appearing darker.%
} In a comparison by Raph Levien~\cite{CMRgain}, the printing in
Knuth's \emph{Digital Typography}~\cite{DigTyp} is heavier than
the digital version or from a laser printer.

Type~1 versions of Computer Modern from Blue Sky Research and Y\&Y,
Inc. have been made freely available by the American Mathematical
Society (AMS) and a collection of publishers and other technical companies~\cite{CTANbluesky,bluesky}.
Basil K. Malyshev has also released a free Type~1 version of Computer
Modern~\cite{CTANbakoma}, originally for use with his \TeX{} system
BaKoMa \TeX{}.

Computer Modern has been extended to include more characters, particularly
for non-English European languages. These fonts include European Computer
Modern by J\"org Knappen and Norbert Schwarz (\MF\  only) \cite{CTANec};
Tt2001 by Szab\'o P\'eter (converted into Type~1 format from \MF\ 
sources using \texttt{textrace}; Tt2001 has been superseded by CM-Super,
which P\'eter recommends) \cite{textrace,CTANtt2001}; CM-Super by
Vladimir Volovich (also converted using \texttt{textrace}) \cite{CM-Super,CTANcm-super};
and Latin Modern by Bogus\l{}aw Jackowski and Janusz M. Nowacki (extended
from the Blue Sky AMS fonts using MetaType1) \cite{LatinModern,CTANlm}. 

The Sli\TeX{} font (\texttt{lcmss}) is a sans serif text face that
has wide letters and high \emph{x} height. Its high readability makes
it extremely suitable for slide presentations. However, there is no
matching math font. Sli\TeX{} sans serif can be set as the primary
text font using \TeX{}Power's \texttt{tpslifonts.sty}~\cite{texpower}.%
\begin{figure*}
\captiontitle[Computer Modern]{\label{fig:CM}Computer Modern (using
the Blue Sky and Y\&Y Type~1 fonts; no package necessary).}

\pic{cm}
\end{figure*}
 


\paragraph{Computer Modern Bright: }

This a sans serif font with corresponding math font derived from Computer
Modern by Walter A. Schmidt \cite{CTANcmbright}. CM-Super contains
Type~1 versions of the text fonts in T1 encoding, and Harald Harders
created Type~1 versions of the text and math fonts called \texttt{hfbright}~\cite{CTANhfbright}
using \texttt{mftrace}. %
\begin{figure*}
\captiontitle[CM Bright]{\label{fig:CMBright}CM Bright (\texttt{\textbackslash{}usepackage\{cmbright\}};
output uses the \texttt{hfbright} fonts).}

\pic{cmbright}
\end{figure*}



\paragraph{Concrete and Euler or Concrete Math:}

The Concrete font was created by Knuth for his book \emph{Concrete
Mathematics}~\cite{concretebook}. Hermann Zapf was commissioned
by the AMS to create the math font Euler for use in \emph{Concrete
Mathematics}. Type~1 versions of Concrete in T1 encoding are available
in the CM-Super collection~\cite{CTANcm-super}, and Type~1 versions
of Euler are available in the Blue Sky collection from the AMS~\cite{CTANbluesky}
and in the BaKoMa collection~\cite{CTANbakoma}. The \texttt{eulervm}
package by Walter Schmidt~\cite{CTANeulervm,eulervm} implements
virtual fonts for Euler that are more efficient to use with \LaTeX{}.
Ulrik Vieth created the Concrete Math fonts~\cite{CTANconcmath}
to match the Concrete text fonts; the only free versions are implemented
in \MF. The \texttt{ccfonts} package by Walter Schmidt~\cite{CTANccfonts}
changes the text font to Concrete and changes the math font to the
Concrete Math fonts if \texttt{eulervm} is not loaded. %
\begin{figure*}
\captiontitle[Concrete and Euler]{\label{fig:ConcEuler}Concrete
text with Euler math (\texttt{\textbackslash{}usepackage\{ccfonts,eulervm\}
\textbackslash{}usepackage{[}T1{]}\{fontenc\}}). Note that Concrete
does not have a bold font, so Computer Modern is used instead. Non-bold
text output uses the CM-Super Concrete fonts.}

\pic{concrete}
\end{figure*}
%
\begin{figure*}
\captiontitle[Concrete Math]{\label{fig:ConcMath}Concrete text with
Concrete math (\texttt{\textbackslash{}usepackage\{ccfonts\} \textbackslash{}usepackage{[}T1{]}\{fontenc\}}).
Note that Concrete does not have a bold font, so Computer Modern is
used instead. Non-bold text output uses the CM-Super Concrete fonts.}

\pic{concmath}
\end{figure*}



\paragraph{Iwona and Kurier:}

The fonts Iwona and Kurier were created by J. M. Nowacki~\cite{CTANiwona,CTANkurier}
using the MetaType1 system based on typefaces by the Polish typographer
Ma\l{}gorzata Budyta. The two fonts are very similar, except that
Kurier avoids {}``ink traps'' with gaps in its strokes. The packages
have complete math support in both \TeX{} and \LaTeX{}. %
\begin{figure*}
\captiontitle[Iwona]{\label{fig:Iwona}Iwona text and math (\texttt{\textbackslash{}usepackage{[}math{]}\{iwona\}}).}

\pic{iwona}
\end{figure*}
%
\begin{figure*}
\captiontitle[Kurier]{\label{fig:Kurier}Kurier text and math (\texttt{\textbackslash{}usepackage{[}math{]}\{kurier\}}).}

\pic{kurier}
\end{figure*}



\paragraph{Antykwa P\'o\l{}tawskiego:}

J. M. Nowacki created the font Antykwa P\'o\l{}tawskiego~\cite{CTANantp}
using the MetaType1 system based on a typeface by Polish typographer
Adam P\'o\l{}tawski. The package \texttt{antpolt} has no math support
at this time, and requires the encoding to be set to QX or OT4. %
\begin{figure*}
\captiontitle[Antykwa P\'o\l{}tawskiego]{\label{fig:AntPolt}Antykwa
P\'o\l{}tawskiego text (\texttt{\textbackslash{}usepackage\{antpolt\}}
and \texttt{\textbackslash{}usepackage{[}QX{]}\{fontenc\}}).}

\pic{antpolt}
\end{figure*}



\paragraph{Antykwa Toru\acuten{}ska:}

The font Antykwa Toru\acuten{}ska was created by J. M. Nowacki~\cite{AntTorunska,CTANantt}
using the MetaType1 system based on a typeface by the Polish typographer
Zygfryd Gardzielewski. The package \texttt{anttor} has complete math
support in both \TeX{} and \LaTeX{}. %
\begin{figure*}
\captiontitle[Antykwa Toru\'nska]{\label{fig:AntTor}Antykwa Toru\acuten{}ska
text and math (\texttt{\textbackslash{}usepackage{[}math{]}\{anttor\}}).}

\pic{anttor}
\end{figure*}



\section{\label{sec:PSFonts}Core Postscript Fonts}

When Adobe introduced Postscript in 1984, they defined 35 core fonts
(in 10 typefaces) that must be present in all Postscript interpreters.
In 1996, URW++ released a replacement set for the core fonts under
the GNU General Public License. The URW++ fonts were primarily released
for use with Ghostscript, a free Postscript interpreter. Table~\ref{cap:CorePostscriptFonts}
lists the original Postscript fonts, along with the URW++/Ghostscript
equivalents. Each font can be used as the default text font by selecting
the indicated \LaTeX{} package from the PSNFSS distribution~\cite{CTANpsnfss}.%
\begin{table}
\begin{center}\begin{tabular}{cccc}
\hline 
Adobe Postscript&
URW++/Ghostscript&
\# of fonts&
package\tabularnewline
\hline
Avant Garde&
URW Gothic L&
4&
\texttt{avant}\tabularnewline
Bookman&
URW Bookman L&
4&
\texttt{bookman}\tabularnewline
Courier&
Nimbus Mono L&
4&
\texttt{courier}\tabularnewline
Helvetica&
Nimbus Sans L&
8&
\texttt{helvet}\tabularnewline
New Century Schoolbook&
Century Schoolbook L&
4&
\texttt{newcent}\tabularnewline
Palatino&
URW Palladio L&
4&
\texttt{palatino}\tabularnewline
Symbol&
Standard Symbols L&
1&
---\tabularnewline
Times&
Nimbus Roman No.\ 9 L&
4&
\texttt{times}\tabularnewline
Zapf Chancery&
URW Chancery L&
1&
\texttt{chancery}\tabularnewline
Zapf Dingbats&
Dingbats&
1&
---\tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}\end{center}

\begin{center}\captiontitle[Core Postscript fonts]{\label{cap:CorePostscriptFonts}Core
Postscript fonts and URW++/Ghostscript equivalents.}\end{center}
\end{table}
 


\paragraph{Avant Garde and Kerkis Sans:}

The font Kerkis Sans was created by Antonis Tsolomitis~\cite{Kerkis,CTANkerkis}
by extending Avant Garde to include Greek and additional Latin characters.
The resulting fonts are stand-alone and can be used by applications
outside of \TeX{}. The package \texttt{kerkis} sets the sans serif
font to Kerkis Sans; there is no package option to set Kerkis Sans
to be the primary text font.


\paragraph{Bookman and Kerkis:}

The font Kerkis was created by Antonis Tsolomitis~\cite{Kerkis,CTANkerkis}
by extending URW Bookman~L to include Greek and additional Latin
characters. The resulting fonts are stand-alone and can be used by
applications outside of \TeX{}. A font of math symbols is included,
but not used by the \LaTeX{} package. The package \texttt{kmath} uses
txfonts for math symbols and uppercase Greek letters. %
\begin{figure*}
\captiontitle[Kerkis]{\label{fig:Kerkis}Kerkis text and math (\texttt{\textbackslash{}usepackage\{kmath,kerkis\}};
the order of the packages matters, since \texttt{kmath} loads the
\texttt{txfonts} package which changes the default text font).}

\pic{kerkis}
\end{figure*}



\paragraph{New Century Schoolbook and Millennial or fouriernc: }

The Millennial math font of the current author contains Greek letters
and other letter-like mathematical symbols. A set of virtual fonts
is provided that uses New Century Schoolbook for Latin letters in
math, Millennial for Greek and other letter-like symbols, and txfonts
and Computer Modern for all other symbols, including binary operators,
relations, and large symbols. This font is still in development, but
will hopefully be released in 2006. The \texttt{fouriernc} package
of Michael Zedler~\cite{CTANfouriernc} uses New Century Schoolbook
for text and Latin letters in mathematics, and the Greek and symbol
fonts from the Fourier-GUTenberg package for the remaining mathematical
symbols. %
\begin{figure*}
\captiontitle[Millennial]{\label{fig:Millen}New Century Schoolbook
with Millennial math \captionbreak (\texttt{\textbackslash{}usepackage\{millennial\}}).}

\pic{millennial}
\end{figure*}
%
\begin{figure*}
\captiontitle[fouriernc]{\label{fig:fouriernc}New Century Schoolbook
with Fourier math \captionbreak (\texttt{\textbackslash{}usepackage\{fouriernc\}}).}

\pic{fouriernc}
\end{figure*}



\paragraph{Palatino and pxfonts, Pazo, or mathpple:}

Young Ryu created the pxfonts collection~\cite{CTANpxfonts}, which
contains Greek and other letter-like symbols, as well as a complete
set of geometric symbols, including the AMS symbols. Diego Puga created
the Pazo math fonts, which include the Greek letters and other letter-like
symbols in a style that matches Palatino. The \LaTeX{} package \texttt{mathpazo}
(now part of PSNFSS~\cite{CTANpsnfss}) uses Palatino for Latin letters,
Pazo for Greek and other letter-like symbols, and Computer Modern
for geometric symbols. The \LaTeX{} package \texttt{mathpple} (also
part of PSNFSS~\cite{CTANpsnfss}) uses Palatino for Latin letters
and slanted Euler for Greek and other symbols. Since Hermann Zapf
designed both Palatino and Euler, the designs mesh well. An alternate
use of Euler is using the \texttt{eulervm} package. Ralf Stubner added
small caps and old-style figures to URW Palladio L in the FPL package~\cite{CTANfpl},
and Walter Schmidt extended these fonts in the FPL Neu package~\cite{fplneu}.
%
\begin{figure*}
\captiontitle[pxfonts]{\label{fig:pxfonts}Palatino text with pxfonts
math (\texttt{\textbackslash{}usepackage\{pxfonts\}}).}

\pic{pxfonts}
\end{figure*}
%
\begin{figure*}
\captiontitle[Pazo]{\label{fig:Pazo}Palatino text with Pazo math
(\texttt{\textbackslash{}usepackage\{mathpazo\}}).}

\pic{pazo}
\end{figure*}
%
\begin{figure*}
\captiontitle[mathpple]{\label{fig:mathpple}Palatino text with Euler
math (\texttt{\textbackslash{}usepackage\{mathpple\}}).}

\pic{mathpple}
\end{figure*}



\paragraph{Times and txfonts, Belleek, mathptmx, or mbtimes:}

Young Ryu created the txfonts collection~\cite{CTANtxfonts}, which
contains Greek and other letter-like symbols, as well as a complete
set of geometric symbols, including the AMS symbols. The \texttt{txfonts}
package also includes a very nice typewriter font, \texttt{txtt}.
Belleek was created by Richard Kinch~\cite{CTANbelleek,Belleek}
and is a drop-in replacement for the commercial fonts required by
the \texttt{mathtime} package (now part of PSNFSS~\cite{CTANpsnfss}).
The \LaTeX{} package \texttt{mathptmx} (also part of PSNFSS~\cite{CTANpsnfss})
uses Times for Latin letters and Symbol for Greek and other symbols.
Michel Bovani created the \texttt{mbtimes} package by using Omega
Serif for text and Latin and Greek letters in mathematics. \texttt{mbtimes}
also includes symbol fonts and a set of calligraphic letters. Omega
Serif is the primary font for Omega, a 16-bit extension of \TeX{}
by John Plaice and Yannis Haralambous~\cite{Omega}.

The STIX fonts project~\cite{STIX} is a collaboration of several
academic publishers to create a set of Times-compatible fonts containing
every possible glyph needed for mathematical and technical publishing.
These fonts are still in development, with a scheduled release in
the middle of 2006.

Note that Adobe Reader 7.0 replaces Times with Adobe Serif MM if Times
or the Ghostscript equivalent Nimbus Roman No.\ 9 L is not embedded
in the PDF file. Adobe Serif MM only has an oblique version, not a
real italics, and thus, the primary text and Latin letters in mathematics
will not match letters taken from additional fonts. This problem can
be avoided by embedding Times or the Ghostscript equivalent Nimbus
Roman No.\ 9 L into the PDF file. Also, I have heard (but not personally
verified) that the Windows version of Adobe Reader displays Times
New Roman when Times is not embedded. The upright versions of the
two typefaces are very similar, but the italics are noticeably different
(consider the \emph{z}, for instance). %
\begin{figure*}
\captiontitle[txfonts]{\label{fig:txfonts}Times text with txfonts
math (\texttt{\textbackslash{}usepackage{[}varg{]}\{txfonts\}}).}

\pic{txfonts}
\end{figure*}
%
\begin{figure*}
\captiontitle[Belleek]{\label{fig:Belleek}Times text with Belleek
math (\texttt{\textbackslash{}usepackage\{mathtime\}}; output uses
the Belleek fonts).}

\pic{belleek}
\end{figure*}
%
\begin{figure*}
\captiontitle[mathptmx]{\label{fig:mathptmx}Times text with Symbol
math (\texttt{\textbackslash{}usepackage\{mathptmx\}}).}

\pic{mathptmx}
\end{figure*}
%
\begin{figure*}
\captiontitle[mbtimes]{\label{fig:mbtimes}Omega Serif text with
Omega math (\texttt{\textbackslash{}usepackage\{mbtimes\}}).}

\pic{mbtimes}
\end{figure*}


\bigskip{}
Helvetica, Courier, and Zapf Chancery do not have matching math fonts.
Courier and Zapf Chancery are inappropriate for mathematics anyway,
but Helvetica is sometimes used for presentations and posters. The
free fonts MgOpenModerna~\cite{MgOpenModerna} and FreeSans~\cite{FreeSans}
would be natural choices for the Greek letters in a Helvetica mathematics
font.


\section{\label{sec:OtherFonts}Other Free Fonts}

Several other fonts have been released for use with free open-source
software. \LaTeX{} packages have been created for most of these fonts.


\paragraph{Bitstream Vera Sans and Arev Sans:}

Bitstream Vera was released by Bitstream in cooperation with the Gnome
Foundation~\cite{vera} as a high quality scalable free font for
use with free open-source software. Bitstream Vera serif, sans serif,
and sans mono are available in text using the \texttt{bera} package
by Malte Rosenau and Walter~A. Schmidt~\cite{CTANbera}. Tavmjong
Bah created Arev Sans~\cite{arev} by extending Bitstream Vera Sans
to include Greek, Cyrillic, and many mathematical symbols. The current
author created the \LaTeX{} package \texttt{arev}~\cite{CTANarev}
using Arev Sans for text and math letters and bold Math Design fonts
for Bitstream Charter for symbols. %
\begin{figure*}
\captiontitle[Arev Sans]{\label{fig:Arev}Arev Sans text with Arev
math (\texttt{\textbackslash{}usepackage\{arev\}}).}

\pic{arev}
\end{figure*}



\paragraph{Bitstream Charter and Math Design:}

Bitstream Charter~\cite{CTANcharter} was donated by Bitstream for
use with X Windows. The Math Design fonts for Bitstream Charter created
by Paul Pichaureau~\cite{CTANmathdesign} are very complete, including
Greek letters, symbols from Computer Modern, and the AMS symbols.
Charis SIL~\cite{CharisSIL} might be an alternate source for Greek
letters that match Bitstream Charter more closely. Another possibility
for a math font is to use the Euler fonts with the \texttt{charter}
and \texttt{eulervm} packages.%
\begin{figure*}
\captiontitle[Math Design for Charter]{\label{fig:chartermd}Bitstream
Charter text with Math Design math \captionbreak (\texttt{\textbackslash{}usepackage{[}charter{]}\{mathdesign\}}).}

\pic{chartermd}
\end{figure*}



\paragraph{Comic Sans:}

Comic Sans is one of Microsoft's core web fonts that is freely available~\cite{comicsans}.
The \texttt{comicsans} package by Scott Pakin~\cite{CTANcomicsans}
implements Comic Sans as both the primary text font and the Latin
and Greek letters in mathematics. Computer Modern is used for geometric
symbols that are not present in Comic Sans. Comic Sans is hard to
read for large blocks of text, but might be nice to use for short
comments in a handwriting style.%
\begin{figure*}
\captiontitle[Comic Sans]{\label{fig:comicsans}Comic Sans text and
math (\texttt{\textbackslash{}usepackage\{comicsans\}}).}

\pic{comicsans}
\end{figure*}


\begin{comment}
Gentium not released yet.

\paragraph{Gentium: }

Gentium was designed by Victor Gaultney~\cite{Gentium} to be suitable
for any language that uses a Latin-based script. Gentium was released
by SIL under the Open Font License. Michael Zedler converted Gentium
to Type~1 format and produced a \LaTeX{} package~\cite{Gentiumtex}%
\footnote{This package is currently in development; when completed it will presumably
be posted somewhere more official.%
} for its use; the mathematics uses Gentium for Latin and Greek letters
and MnSymbol for geometric symbols. %
\begin{figure*}
\captiontitle[Gentium]{\label{fig:Gentium}Gentium text with Gentium
math (\texttt{\textbackslash{}usepackage\{gentium\}}).}

\pic{gentium}
\end{figure*}


\end{comment}

\paragraph{URW Garamond and Math Design: }

URW Garamond No.~8~\cite{CTANgaramond} is available under the Aladdin
Free Public License as part of the GhostPCL project. The Math Design
fonts for URW Garamond created by Paul Pichaureau~\cite{CTANmathdesign}
are very complete, including Greek letters, symbols from Computer
Modern, and the AMS symbols.%
\begin{figure*}
\captiontitle[Math Design for Garamond]{\label{fig:garamd}URW Garamond
text with Math Design math \captionbreak (\texttt{\textbackslash{}usepackage{[}garamond{]}\{mathdesign\}}).}

\pic{garamondmd}
\end{figure*}



\paragraph{Utopia and Fourier or Math Design:}

Utopia~\cite{CTANutopia} was donated by Adobe for use with X Windows.
Michel Bovani created Fourier-GUTenberg~\cite{CTANfourier} as an
accompaniment to Utopia and is very complete, containing both Greek
letters and standard and AMS symbols. The Math Design fonts for Utopia
of Paul Pichaureau~\cite{CTANmathdesign} are also very complete,
including Greek letters and AMS symbols.%
\begin{figure*}
\captiontitle[Fourier-GUTenberg]{\label{fig:fourier}Utopia text
with Fourier-GUTenberg math (\texttt{\textbackslash{}usepackage\{fourier\}}).}

\pic{fourier}
\end{figure*}
%
\begin{figure*}
\captiontitle[Math Design for Utopia]{\label{fig:utopiamd}Utopia
text with Math Design math \captionbreak (\texttt{\textbackslash{}usepackage{[}utopia{]}\{mathdesign\}}).}

\pic{utopiamd}
\end{figure*}


\bigskip{}
Using \MF, Achim Blumensath created the package \texttt{MnSymbol}~\cite{CTANmnsymbol},
which contains geometric symbols (no Greek or other letter-like symbols)
in varying optical sizes that match the commercial font Adobe MinionPro.
The \texttt{MnSymbol} package also contains traced Type~1 versions.
\texttt{MnSymbol} is free; however the package \texttt{MinionPro}
of Achim Blumensath, Andreas B\"uhmann, and Michael Zedler~\cite{CTANminionpro}
which uses \texttt{MnSymbol} requires a license from Adobe for the
font MininonPro.


\section{\label{sec:Compar}Comparison of Features}

Table~\ref{cap:FeatureComparison} shows a comparison of the different
features in each package. The only packages that have optical sizes
are Computer Modern, CM Bright, Concrete, Euler, and MnSymbol. Except
for when the \texttt{eulervm} package is used, Latin math letters
are taken from the italic text font. An asterisk after a font name
indicates that the package has a version of that style in its own
font files.

\begin{sidewaystable}\centering\small

\begin{tabular}{lccccccc}
\hline 
$\;$Package&
Text&
Greek&
CM sym&
AMS sym&
Calligr&
Blkbd&
boldmath\tabularnewline
\hline
computer modern&
cm&
cm&
cm&
ams&
cm&
ams&
yes\tabularnewline
cmbright&
cmbright&
cmbright&
cm{*}&
cm{*}&
cm{*}&
ams&
no\tabularnewline
ccfonts,eulervm&
concrete&
euler&
euler&
ams&
euler&
ams&
yes\tabularnewline
concmath&
concrete&
concrete&
concmath&
concmath&
concmath&
concmath&
no\tabularnewline
iwona&
iwona&
iwona&
iwona&
iwona&
cm{*}&
ams&
yes\tabularnewline
kurier&
kurier&
kurier&
kurier&
kurier&
cm{*}&
ams&
yes\tabularnewline
anttor&
anttor&
anttor&
anttor&
anttor&
anttor&
ams&
yes\tabularnewline
kmath,kerkis&
kerkis&
kerkis&
txfonts&
txfonts&
txfonts&
txfonts&
yes\tabularnewline
millennial&
nc schlbk&
millennial&
txfonts&
txfonts&
txfonts&
ams&
no\tabularnewline
fouriernc&
nc schlbk&
fourier&
fourier&
fourier&
fourier&
fourier&
yes\tabularnewline
pxfonts&
palatino&
pxfonts&
txfonts{*}&
txfonts{*}&
txfonts{*}&
pxfonts&
yes\tabularnewline
mathpazo&
palatino&
pazo&
cm&
ams&
cm&
pazo&
yes\tabularnewline
mathpple&
palatino&
euler&
euler&
ams&
cm&
ams&
yes\tabularnewline
txfonts&
times&
txfonts&
txfonts&
txfonts&
txfonts&
txfonts&
yes\tabularnewline
mathtime (Belleek)&
times&
belleek&
belleek&
ams&
cm&
ams&
no\tabularnewline
mathptmx&
times&
symbol&
cm&
ams&
rsfs&
ams&
no\tabularnewline
mbtimes&
omega&
omega&
mbtimes&
ams&
rsfs{*}&
esstix&
yes\tabularnewline
arev&
arev&
arev&
md charter&
md charter&
cm&
fourier&
yes\tabularnewline
mathdesign (Charter)&
charter&
md charter&
md charter&
md charter&
rsfs{*}&
ams&
yes\tabularnewline
comicsans&
comicsans&
comicsans&
cm&
cm&
cm&
cm&
yes\tabularnewline
mathdesign (Garamond)&
garamond&
md garamond&
md garamond&
md garamond&
rsfs{*}&
ams{*}&
yes\tabularnewline
fourier&
utopia&
fourier&
fourier&
fourier&
fourier&
fourier&
yes\tabularnewline
mathdesign (Utopia)&
utopia&
md garamond&
md utopia&
md utopia&
rsfs{*}&
ams{*}&
yes\tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}

\begin{center}\captiontitle[Comparison of features]{\label{cap:FeatureComparison}Comparison
of the features of different packages.}\end{center}

\end{sidewaystable}

The only sans serif fonts with matching math fonts are CM Bright and
Arev Sans. Both work well for presentations. Computer Modern sans
serif, CM Bright, Arev Sans, Bera Sans, Kerkis Sans, Helvetica, and
Avant Garde all work well as sans serif fonts that accompany a primary
roman font. Computer Modern typewriter, \texttt{txtt} (from txfonts),
Luxi Mono~\cite{CTANluximono}, and Bera Mono all work well as typewriters
fonts.

There are several other free fonts easily used in \LaTeX{}, notably
the Bera fonts, Luxi Mono, and efont-serif~\cite{efont-serif}. Malte
Rosenau converted the Bitstream Vera fonts into Type~1 format, renaming
the fonts to Bera~\cite{CTANbera}. Bera includes serif, sans, and
mono. Bera Serif does not have a matching italic font, but the DejaVu
fonts~\cite{dejavu} are an extension of Bitstream Vera that include
a true serif italic, as well as Greek and Cyrillic for all three styles.
Except for Bera Sans and Arev Sans, none of the previous fonts have
matching math fonts.


\section{\label{sec:Creation}Creation of this Survey}

It might be technically feasible to create a font survey such as this
article as a single \TeX{} document. This document, however, was not
created in that fashion for two reasons. First, it would be an inordinate
amount of work to switch between fonts within the same document. The
authors of the \LaTeX{} packages put in a considerable amount of effort
to set up the fonts for a document, and it would be silly to duplicate
their work. Second, we want to show to a reader exactly what he or
she will get by using that package.

In order to accomplish these goals, a small \LaTeX{} file (see Figure~\ref{cap:SampleLaTeXfile}
for an example) was made for each font that loaded the appropriate
packages and then loaded a common text fragment for display. Each
file was \LaTeX{}ed and then converted to an EPS file using \texttt{dvips}
with the -E option. The -E option creates a tight bounding box around
the text. The main file \texttt{survey.tex} then included each of
these graphics, and was compiled with \texttt{pdflatex}. For some
reason, \texttt{dvips} created an unusable one-page PS file when including
\texttt{mbtimes.eps}. HeVeA was used to convert \texttt{survey.tex}
directly to HTML.%
\begin{figure}
\begin{quote}
\texttt{\textbackslash{}documentclass\{article\}}~\\
\texttt{\textbackslash{}include\{sampleformat\}}~\\
\texttt{\hspace*{.01em}~~\textbackslash{}usepackage\{fourier\}}~\\
\texttt{\textbackslash{}begin\{document\}}~\\
\texttt{\hspace*{.01em}~~\textbackslash{}include\{textfragment\}}~\\
\texttt{\textbackslash{}end\{document\}}
\end{quote}
\captiontitle[Sample \LaTeX{} file]{\label{cap:SampleLaTeXfile}Sample
\LaTeX{} file for \texttt{fourier}. The file \texttt{sampleformat.tex}
contains page layout commands, such as setting the margins and removing
the page numbers. The file \texttt{textfragment.tex} contains the
text and mathematics fragment to be displayed. Both included files
are used by every sample \LaTeX{} file. The line {}``\texttt{\textbackslash{}usepackage\{fourier\}}''
was changed for each sample to the package listed in the sample's
caption.}
\end{figure}



\subsection*{Acknowledgements}

Thanks to Michael Zedler, Ulrik Vieth, Karl Berry, William Slough,
and the anonymous referees for helpful comments.

\begin{thebibliography}{10}
\bibitem{CTANfontinstgd}Philipp Lehman, The Font Installation Guide on \CTAN{/info/Type1fonts/fontinstallationguide}.
\bibitem{CTANmetatype1}Bogus\l{}aw Jackowski, Janusz M. Nowacki, and Piotr Strzelczyk, MetaType1
on \CTAN{/fonts/utilities/metatype1}
\bibitem{WASmathfonts}Walter A. Schmidt, Mathematikschriften f\"ur \LaTeX{}, \url{http://home.vr-web.de/was/mathfonts.html}.
\bibitem{bluesky}American Mathematical Society (AMS) webpage for Computer Modern Type~1
fonts, \url{http://www.ams.org/tex/type1-fonts.html}.
\bibitem{CMBook}Donald E. Knuth, \emph{Computer Modern Typefaces}, Addison-Wesley
Pub. Co., 1986.
\bibitem{CMRgain}Raph Levien, Effect of gain on appearance of Computer Modern, \url{http://levien.com/type/cmr/gain.html}.
\bibitem{DigTyp}Donald E. Knuth, \emph{Digital Typography}, Stanford, California:
Center for the Study of Language and Information, 1999.
\bibitem{CTANbluesky}Blue Sky Research and Y\&Y, Inc., Computer Modern Type~1 fonts on
\CTAN{/fonts/cm/ps-type1/bluesky}.
\bibitem{CTANbakoma}Basil K. Malyshev, BaKoMa Computer Modern Type~1 and TrueType fonts
on \CTAN{/fonts/cm/ps-type1/bakoma}.
\bibitem{CTANec}J\"org Knappen and Norbert Schwarz, European Computer Modern fonts
on \CTAN{/fonts/ec}.
\bibitem{CTANtt2001}Szab\'o P\'eter, Tt2001 fonts on \CTAN{/fonts/ps-type1/tt2001}.
\bibitem{textrace}Szab\'o P\'eter, webpage for \texttt{textrace} and Tt2001 fonts,
\url{http://www.inf.bme.hu/~pts/textrace}.
\bibitem{CTANcm-super}Vladimir Volovich, CM-Super on \CTAN{/fonts/ps-type1/cm-super}.
\bibitem{CM-Super}Vladimir Volovich, \TUGboat{tb24-1/volovich.pdf}{CM-Super}: Automatic
creation of efficient Type~1 fonts from \MF\  fonts, \emph{TUGboat},
24 (1) 2003, 75--78.
\bibitem{CTANlm}Bogus\l{}aw Jackowski and Janusz M. Nowacki, Latin Modern on \CTAN{/fonts/ps-type1/lm}.
\bibitem{LatinModern}Bogus\l{}aw Jackowski and Janusz M. Nowacki, \TUGboat{tb24-1/jackowski.pdf}{Latin
Modern}: Enhancing Computer Modern with accents, accents, accents,
\emph{TUGboat}, 24 (1) 2003, 64--74.
\bibitem{texpower}\TeX{}Power \LaTeX{} style files by Stephan Lehmke, \url{http://texpower.sourceforge.net}.
\bibitem{CTANcmbright}Walter A. Schmidt, CM Bright on \CTAN{/fonts/cmbright}.
\bibitem{CTANhfbright}Harald Harders, hfbright on \CTAN{/fonts/ps-type1/hfbright}.
\bibitem{concretebook}Ronald L. Graham, Donald E. Knuth, and Oren Patashnik, \emph{Concrete
Mathematics,} Addison-Wesley, 1989.
\bibitem{CTANconcmath}Ulrik Vieth, Concrete Math fonts on \CTAN{/fonts/concmath}.
\bibitem{CTANccfonts}Walter Schmidt, ccfonts on \CTAN{/macros/latex/contrib/ccfonts}.
\bibitem{CTANeulervm}Walter Schmidt, eulervm on \CTAN{/fonts/eulervm}.
\bibitem{eulervm}Walter Schmidt, \TUGboat{tb23-3-4/tb75schmidt.pdf}{Euler-VM}: Generic
math fonts for use with \LaTeX{}, \emph{TUGboat}, 23 (3/4) 2002, 301--303.
\bibitem{CTANiwona}Janusz M. Nowacki, Iwona on \CTAN{/fonts/iwona}.
\bibitem{CTANkurier}Janusz M. Nowacki, Kurier on \CTAN{/fonts/kurier}.
\bibitem{CTANantp}Janusz M. Nowacki, Antykwa P\'o\l{}tawskiego on \CTAN{/fonts/psfonts/polish/antp}.
\bibitem{CTANantt}Janusz M. Nowacki, Antykwa Toru\acuten{}ska on \CTAN{/fonts/antt}.
\bibitem{AntTorunska}Janusz M. Nowacki, \TUGboat{tb19-3/tb60antyk.pdf}{Antykwa Toru\acuten{}ska}:
an electronic replica of a Polish traditional type, \emph{TUGboat},
19 (3) 1998, 242--243.
\bibitem{CTANpsnfss}Sebastian Rahtz and Walter A. Schmidt, PSNFSS on \CTAN{/macros/latex/required/psnfss}.
\bibitem{Kerkis}Antonis Tsolomitis, The \TUGboat{tb23-3-4/tb75tsol.pdf}{Kerkis}
font family, \emph{TUGboat}, 23 (3/4) 2002, 296--301.
\bibitem{CTANkerkis}Antonis Tsolomitis, Kerkis on \CTAN{/fonts/greek/kerkis}.
\bibitem{CTANfouriernc}Michael Zedler, fouriernc on \CTAN{/fonts/fouriernc}.
\bibitem{CTANpxfonts}Young Ryu, pxfonts on \CTAN{/fonts/pxfonts}.
\bibitem{CTANmathpazo}Diego Puga, Pazo Math fonts on \CTAN{/fonts/mathpazo}.
\bibitem{CTANfpl}Ralf Stubner, FPL font on \CTAN{/fonts/fpl}.
\bibitem{fplneu}Walter Schmidt, FPL Neu package, \url{http://home.vr-web.de/was/x/FPL/}.
\bibitem{CTANtxfonts}Young Ryu, txfonts on \CTAN{/fonts/txfonts}.
\bibitem{CTANbelleek}Richard Kinch, Belleek fonts on \CTAN{/fonts/belleek}.
\bibitem{Belleek}Richard J. Kinch, \TUGboat{tb19-3/tb60kinch.pdf}{Belleek}: A call
for \MF\  revival, \emph{TUGboat}, 19 (3) 1998, 244--249.
\bibitem{STIX}STIX Fonts project, \url{http://www.stixfonts.org}.
\bibitem{mbtimes}Michel Bovani, mbtimes at \url{ftp://ftp.gutenberg.eu.org/pub/gut/distribs/mbtimes/}.
\bibitem{Omega}John Plaice and Yannis Haralambous, Omega at \url{http://omega.enstb.org}.
\bibitem{MgOpenModerna}MgOpenModerna, one of the MgOpen fonts, \url{http://www.ellak.gr/fonts/mgopen}.
\bibitem{FreeSans}FreeSans, one of the Free UCS Outline Fonts, \url{http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/freefont}.
\bibitem{vera}Bitstream Vera, released by Bitstream in cooperation with the Gnome
Foundation, \url{http://www.gnome.org/fonts}.
\bibitem{CTANbera}Malte Rosenau, Bera Postscript Type~1 fonts (converted from Bitstream
Vera fonts, which necessitated the name change) and \LaTeX{} support
files by Walter~A. Schmidt, on \CTAN{/fonts/bera}.
\bibitem{CTANarev}Tavmjong Bah and Stephen Hartke, Arev Sans on \CTAN{/fonts/arev}.
\bibitem{arev}Tavmjong Bah, Arev Sans, \url{http://tavmjong.free.fr/FONTS}.
\bibitem{CTANcharter}Bitstream Charter on \CTAN{/fonts/charter}.
\bibitem{CTANmathdesign}Paul Pichaureau, Math Design fonts on \CTAN{/fonts/mathdesign}.
\bibitem{CharisSIL}Charis SIL, \url{http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?site_id=nrsi&item_id=CharisSILfont}.
\bibitem{comicsans}Comic Sans, part of Microsoft's core web fonts, available at \url{http://corefonts.sourceforge.net/}.
\bibitem{CTANcomicsans}Scott Pakin, Comic Sans \LaTeX{} package on \CTAN{/macros/latex/contrib/comicsans}.
\bibitem{CTANgaramond}URW Garamond on \CTAN{/fonts/urw/garamond}.
\bibitem{CTANutopia}Adobe Utopia on \CTAN{/fonts/utopia}.
\bibitem{CTANfourier}Michel Bovani, Fourier-GUTenberg on \CTAN{/fonts/fourier-GUT}.
\bibitem{CTANmnsymbol}Achim Blumensath, MnSymbol on \CTAN{/fonts/mnsymbol}.
\bibitem{CTANminionpro}Achim Blumensath, Andreas B\"uhmann, and Michael Zedler, MinionPro
on \CTAN{/fonts/minionpro}.
\bibitem{dejavu}DejaVu fonts, \url{http://dejavu.sourceforge.net}.
\bibitem{CTANluximono}Luxi Mono on \CTAN{/fonts/LuxiMono}.
\bibitem{efont-serif}efont-serif at \url{http://openlab.jp/efont/serif/}.
\end{thebibliography}
\begin{comment}
Victor Gaultney, Gentium at \url{http://scripts.sil.org/gentium}.

Michael Zedler, gentium at \url{http://www.hft.ei.tum.de/mz/ggn.tar.bz2}.
\end{comment}
%filler to avoid comment environment as last line
\end{document}

.
